scholarly journals Association between Respiratory Disease and Bacterial and Viral Infections in British Racehorses

2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. N. Wood ◽  
J. R. Newton ◽  
N. Chanter ◽  
J. A. Mumford
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Viral Infections

The Child With Persistent Cough

1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 249-253
Author(s):  
Wayne J. Morgan ◽  
Lynn M. Taussig
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Parent Education ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Persistent Cough ◽  
Child Patient ◽  
Airway Irritation ◽  
Rule Out

Chronic or persistent cough in the child is a common pediatric problem. While usually due to persistent airway irritation following common viral infections, it may be a sign of significant respiratory disease. The task is to separate the two and rule out or diagnose underlying conditions. This can be difficult, and an organized approach to potential etiologies of prolonged cough can be useful. In addition to addressing the problem of cough at face value, the practitioner should make sure that the parents do not have other hidden concerns about their child. Patient and parent education about the basic physiology of cough and the illnesses that may produce it can be useful in management. Therapy can then be directed to the underlying cause of the cough or used in a diagnostic manner, as in the case of a trial of bronchodilators.

Associations between viral infections and respiratory disease in artificially reared calves

1993 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Caldow ◽  
S. Edwards ◽  
A. Peters ◽  
P. Nixon ◽  
G. Ibata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Viral Infections

Diagnosis ofMycoplasma hyopneumoniae

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen L. Thacker
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Diagnostic Assays ◽  
Veterinary Profession ◽  
Small Complex ◽  
Polymerase Chain

AbstractMycoplasma hyopneumoniae, the cause of enzootic pneumonia, remains an important pathogen in the swine industry. This small, complex organism colonizes the ciliated cells of the respiratory tract, resulting in little exposure to the immune system. Confirming the presence ofM. hyopneumoniae, as well as identifying its role in respiratory disease and pneumonia, remains challenging to the veterinary profession. While culture of the organism remains the gold standard for identification, the use of serology, the polymerase chain reaction and various assays to detect the presence ofM. hyopneumoniaein tissue is common in diagnostic laboratories. Because of the roleM. hyopneumoniaeplays in increasing the severity of pneumonia associated with concurrent bacterial and viral infections, understanding the pathogenesis and diagnostic assays available is critical for developing effective intervention strategies to control respiratory disease on a herd basis.

scholarly journals Frequent respiratory viral infections in children. What should be done?

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
G. N. Nikiforova ◽  
E. V. Sin'kov
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Tract Disease ◽  
Early School ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Early School Age ◽  
Tract Disease ◽  
Tract Infections

Respiratory disease is the most common infectious and inflammatory pathology in humans. The problem of respiratory tract infections is especially relevant in the pediatric practice due to extremely high prevalence of the pathological processes among children. Whereas every adult suffers from acute respiratory disease 2-3 times a year on average, in children of preschool and early school age, 8-10 clinical cases are registered annually. The incidence is significantly higher when the child starts to visit organized groups (nursery, primary school, etc.). [1] In the future, the number of cases of respiratory tract disease diminishes due to the acquisition of a specific immunity by the child.

SEROLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF RESPIRATORY VIRUS INFECTIONS IN MOSCOW CHILDREN, 1948 TO 1956

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-404
Author(s):  
V. V. Ritova ◽  
V. M. Zhdanov ◽  
E. I. Schastny
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Disease ◽  
Serological Evidence ◽  
Parainfluenza Viruses ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infections

1. The study of sera collected between 1948 and 1956 from children with acute respiratory disease showed that outbreaks were caused by adenoviruses, parainfluenza viruses, reoviruses, rhinoviruses, ECHO viruses, and Coxsackie viruses. 2. Adenovirus infections were the most prevalent. Other viral infections were prevalent in certain years. 3. Mixed infections with two viruses constituted about 10% of all cases.

scholarly journals Exploration of Association between Respiratory Vaccinations with Infection and Mortality Rates of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
Deldar Morad Abdulah ◽  
Alan Bapeer Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
World Health ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Objectives: Respiratory disease vaccines may affect COVID-19 associated infection and mortality rates due to vaccine non-specific effects against viral infections. We compared the infection and mortality rates and relation to/of COVID-19 between countries with and without universal respiratory disease vaccine policies. Methods: In this ecological study, 186 countries with COVID-19 statistics from the World Health Organization (WHO) were included. Results: The study found that countries with universal BCG (bacillus Calmette Guérin) vaccine had a significantly lower total infection and mortality rates, 0.2979 and 0.0077 vs. 3.7445, and 0.0957/1000 people and confirmed cases (P<0.001). The countries with universal Pneumococcal vaccine (PCV); including PCV1, PCV2, and PCV3 vaccines had significantly higher total mortality, 0.0111 vs. 0.0080, respectively (P=0.032). The higher income was associated with increasing total infection and mortality rates. Whereas, BCG vaccination was associated with a lower total mortality rate only (P=0.030). The high-income countries were more likely to not receive universal BCG and receive second dose of meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV2) and third dose of PCV3 vaccination coverage. The SARS-CoV-2 infection rates increased with increasing years of the second dose of measles-containing vaccine (P=0.026) and Pneumococcal conjugate 3rd dose (PCV3). Conclusions: This study suggests that BCG vaccination could reduce the infection caused by COVID-19 and MCV2 vaccine years increases the total infection rate. This study identified high economic characteristics and not having universal BCG coverage as the independent risk factors of mortality by the multivariate analysis.

scholarly journals Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Potentiation of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus-Induced Pneumonia

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 620-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen L. Thacker ◽  
Patrick G. Halbur ◽  
Richard F. Ross ◽  
Roongroje Thanawongnuwech ◽  
Brad J. Thacker
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Model ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Mycoplasma Species ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Acute Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Essentially Normal ◽  
Mycoplasmal Pneumonia

An experimental model that demonstrates a mycoplasma species acting to potentiate a viral pneumonia was developed. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, which produces a chronic, lymphohistiocytic bronchopneumonia in pigs, was found to potentiate the severity and the duration of a virus-induced pneumonia in pigs. Pigs were inoculated with M. hyopneumoniae 21 days prior to, simultaneously with, or 10 days after inoculation with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), which induces an acute interstitial pneumonia in pigs. PRRSV-induced clinical respiratory disease and macroscopic and microscopic pneumonic lesions were more severe and persistent in M. hyopneumoniae-infected pigs. At 28 or 38 days after PRRSV inoculation, M. hyopneumoniae-infected pigs still exhibited lesions typical of PRRSV-induced pneumonia, whereas the lungs of pigs which had received only PRRSV were essentially normal. On the basis of macroscopic lung lesions, it appears that PRRSV infection did not influence the severity of M. hyopneumoniae infection, although microscopic lesions typical ofM. hyopneumoniae were more severe in PRRSV-infected pigs. These results indicate that M. hyopneumoniae infection potentiates PRRSV-induced disease and lesions. Most importantly,M. hyopneumoniae-infected pigs with minimal to nondetectable mycoplasmal pneumonia lesions manifested significantly increased PRRSV-induced pneumonia lesions compared to pigs infected with PRRSV only. This discovery is important with respect to the control of respiratory disease in pigs and has implications in elucidating the potential contribution of mycoplasmas in the pathogenesis of viral infections of other species, including humans.

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