scholarly journals Interleukin-12 p40 mRNA Expression in Bovine Leukemia Virus-Infected Animals: Increase in Alymphocytosis but Decrease in Persistent Lymphocytosis

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 6917-6921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dohun Pyeon ◽  
Gary A. Splitter
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Bovine Leukemia Virus ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Interleukin 12 ◽  
Persistent Lymphocytosis ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Stage Disease ◽  
Bovine Leukosis

ABSTRACT Interleukin-12 (IL-12), a key cytokine in immune regulation, has an important role in activating the cell-mediated immune response in infectious diseases. Recently, a dichotomy between IL-12 and IL-10 regarding progression of a variety diseases has emerged. IL-12 activates type 1 cytokine production and has an antagonistic effect on type 2 cytokines. Here, by using quantitative competitive PCR, we show that peripheral blood mononuclear cells from bovine leukemia virus-infected animals in the alymphocytotic stage of disease express an increased amount of IL-12 p40 mRNA. In contrast, IL-12 p40 mRNA expression by cells from animals with late-stage disease, termed persistent lymphocytosis, was significantly decreased compared to that by normal and alymphocytotic animals. Interestingly, IL-12 p40 mRNA was also detected in tumor-bearing animals. IL-12 p40 expression occurred only in monocytes/macrophages, not B or T lymphocytes. The present study combined with previous findings suggest that IL-12 in bovine leukemia virus-infected animals may regulate production of other cytokines such as gamma interferon and IL-10 and the progression of bovine leukosis in animals that develop more advanced disease such as a persistent lymphocytosis of B cells or B-cell lymphosarcoma.

scholarly journals Bovine Leukemia Virus-Induced Persistent Lymphocytosis in Cattle Does Not Correlate with Increased Ex Vivo Survival of B Lymphocytes

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 1127-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franck Dequiedt ◽  
Glenn H. Cantor ◽  
Valerie T. Hamilton ◽  
Suzanne M. Pritchard ◽  
William C. Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cell Survival ◽  
Bovine Leukemia Virus ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Spontaneous Apoptosis ◽  
Persistent Lymphocytosis ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear

ABSTRACT Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is an oncogenic retrovirus associated with B-cell lymphocytosis, leukemia, and lymphosarcoma in the ovine and bovine species. We have recently reported that in sheep, BLV protects the total population of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from ex vivo spontaneous apoptosis. This global decrease in the apoptosis rates resulted from both direct and indirect mechanisms which allow extension of cell survival. Although sheep are not natural hosts for BLV, these animals are prone to develop virus-induced leukemia at very high frequencies. Most infected cattle, however, remain clinically healthy. This difference in the susceptibilities to development of leukemia in these two species might be related to alterations of the apoptotic processes. Therefore, we designed this study to unravel the mechanisms of programmed cell death in cattle. We have observed that PBMCs from persistently lymphocytotic BLV-infected cows were more susceptible to spontaneous ex vivo apoptosis than cells from uninfected or aleukemic animals. These higher apoptosis rates were the consequence of an increased proportion of B cells exhibiting lower survival abilities. About one-third of the BLV-expressing cells did not survive the ex vivo culture conditions, demonstrating that viral expression is not strictly associated with cell survival in cattle. Surprisingly, culture supernatants from persistently lymphocytotic cows exhibited efficient antiapoptotic properties on both uninfected bovine and uninfected ovine cells. It thus appears that indirect inhibition of cell death can occur even in the presence of high apoptosis rates. Together, these results demonstrate that the protection against spontaneous apoptosis associated with BLV is different in cattle and in sheep. The higher levels of ex vivo apoptosis occurring in cattle might indicate a decreased susceptibility to development of leukemia in vivo.

scholarly journals IFN-γ mRNA expression is lower in Holstein cows infected with bovine leukemia virus with high proviral load and persistent lymphocytosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (04) ◽  
pp. 451-456
Author(s):  
C. Úsuga-Monroy ◽  
L. G. González Herrera ◽  
J. J. Echeverri Zuluaga ◽  
F. J. Díaz ◽  
A. López-Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Bovine Leukemia Virus ◽  
Proviral Load ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Persistent Lymphocytosis ◽  
High Proviral Load ◽  
Ifn Γ

scholarly journals Detection of a Novel Bovine Lymphotropic Herpesvirus

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 4237-4242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Rovnak ◽  
Sandra L. Quackenbush ◽  
Richard A. Reyes ◽  
Joel D. Baines ◽  
Colin R. Parrish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Pcr Primers ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Persistent Lymphocytosis ◽  
Lymphoma Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Herpesvirus 1

ABSTRACT Degenerate PCR primers which amplify a conserved region of the DNA polymerase genes of the herpesvirus family were used to provide sequence evidence for a new bovine herpesvirus in bovine B-lymphoma cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The sequence of the resultant amplicon was found to be distinct from those of known herpesvirus isolates. Alignment of amino acid sequences demonstrated 70% identity with ovine herpesvirus 2, 69% with alcelaphine herpesvirus 1, 65% with bovine herpesvirus 4, and 42% with bovine herpesvirus 1. Phylogenetic analysis placed this putative virus within the tumorigenic Gammaherpesvirinae subfamily, and it is tentatively identified as bovine lymphotropic herpesvirus. This novel agent was expressed in vitro from infected PBMC, and cell-free supernatants were used to transfer infection to a bovine B-cell line, BL3. Analysis, with specific PCR primers, of DNA from bovine PBMC and lymphoma cells identified infection in blood of 91% of adult animals (n = 101), 63% of lymphomas (n = 32), and 38% of juveniles (n = 13). Of the adults, herpesvirus infection was present in 94% of animals that were seropositive for bovine leukemia virus (BLV) (n = 63) and in 87% of BLV-seronegative animals (n = 38). Of the seropositive group, 17 animals exhibited persistent lymphocytosis, and 100% of these were herpesvirus positive by PCR. A role for bovine lymphotropic herpesvirus as a cofactor in BLV pathogenesis is considered.

scholarly journals Cellular Immune Response to Interferon-Τ in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Japanese Black Cattle with Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection / Imunski Odgovor Mononuklearnih Ćelija Periferne Krvi Na Interferon-Τ Kod Infekcije Virusom Leukemije Japanskog Crnog Govečeta

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-296
Author(s):  
Kakinuma Sei-Ichi ◽  
Izawa Tomohiro ◽  
Matsuda Kei-Ichi ◽  
Konnai Satoru ◽  
Maeda Yosuke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Bovine Leukemia Virus ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Healthy Cattle ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Cellular Immune

γ IFN-τ is a type I interferon, and it is known to be non-virus inducible in ruminants. IFN-τ reduced syncytium formation by PBMC obtained from BLV infected cattle in vitro. In order to clarify the effects of IFN-τ on cellular immune function in Japanese Black (JB) cattle with bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection, immune related factors of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were analyzed using IFN-τ as a stimulator. Thirty-two JB cattle were used in this investigation, and these cattle were divided into three groups: cattle with enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL) (EBL Group, N=7), clinically healthy cattle with BLV infection (Carrier Group, N=13), and clinically healthy cattle without BLV infection (non-Carrier Group, N=12). A number of mRNA expressions of interleukin-12 and interferon (IFN)-as immune cell activating cytokines, perforin and granulysin as cytotoxic factors, and myxovirus resistance protein (MX)-1 and MX-2 as anti-virus factors of PBMC were analyzed after culturing cells with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or IFN-τ. The basal mRNA levels of perforin and granulysin in the Carrier Group were significantly higher than those in the non-Carrier Group. Also, significantly higher basal mRNA levels of MX-1 and MX-2 in the EBL Group were detected compared with the non-Carrier Group. The mRNA expressions of perforin and granulysin in PBMC stimulated with PHA were higher in the Carrier Group than those in the non-Carrier Group. There were significantly higher mRNA levels of MX-1 and MX-2 in PBMC stimulated with IFN-τ in the EBL Group compared with those in the non-Carrier Group. These results suggest an enhanced sensitivity of anti-virus reaction in PBMC by IFN-τ treatment in JB cattle with EBL.

scholarly journals Isolation of a Bovine Plasma Fibronectin-Containing Complex Which Inhibits the Expression of Bovine Leukemia Virus p24

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (13) ◽  
pp. 8164-8170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne J. van den Heuvel ◽  
Barbara J. Jefferson ◽  
Robert M. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Bovine Leukemia Virus ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Bovine Plasma ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells

ABSTRACT Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a deltaretrovirus that infects cattle worldwide. In agriculturally intensive regions, approximately 30% of dairy cows are BLV infected. Like the human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV), there is a lengthy period of viral quiescence after initial infection with BLV. Unlike HTLV, BLV resides predominantly in B cells. Lymphoma is observed in less than 10% of BLV-infected adult cattle. Although viremia is undetectable in vivo, BLV-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells readily become productive when cultured in vitro. Productivity is markedly diminished when cultures are supplemented with bovine plasma. This inhibitory activity of bovine plasma has been attributed to the “plasma blocking factor” (PBF). Here, we describe the purification of a PBF whose activity was resistant to heating to 65°C for 10 min and was attributable to a fibronectin-containing complex of approximately 320 kDa under nonreducing conditions. By use of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (mass spectrometry), a protein with a size of 220 kDa and a pI of 5.4 was identified as a member of the fibronectin group of molecules. Both the purified protein and the commercially available bovine fibronectin inhibited BLV production in naturally infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells, although the fibronectin was less biologically active.

scholarly journals Global Genetic Profiles of Gene Network Disruption in Bovine Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Induced by Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) Infection

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. GEG.S2853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Congjun Li ◽  
Robert W. Li ◽  
Theodore H. Elsasser ◽  
Stanislaw Kahl
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Bovine Leukemia Virus ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Viral Latency ◽  
Global Gene Expression ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear

Efficient nutrient assimilation into useful animal-derived products is the ultimate requirement for successful animal production. Infection in young growing animals can decrease energy and nutrient use required for growth rate by redirection of nutrients to support immune defense processes. Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection is prevalent in several regions of the world including the U.S. Most BLV infections are characterized by viral latency in the majority of infected cells. Few, if any, definitive studies in cattle have addressed the potential perturbations of gene expression induced in host cells by BLV infection. This study uses integrated global gene expression information and knowledge of the regulatory events in cells to identify transcription regulation networks that control peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) responses to BLV infection. The aim is to identify the molecular and cellular pathway responses that are functioning during the viral latency stage of BLV infection. The data and regulatory network analysis indicate that CDC25A and transcription factors such as STAT1 and STAT3 may serve as important signaling pathways for the BLV-induced cellular responses. These findings provide vital information for the functional role of genes that participate in PBMC responses to BLV infection and pinpoint these newly characterized genes as potential molecular targets and biomarkers for animal infectious diseases.

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