scholarly journals Evidence for Retroviral Intramolecular Recombinations

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (14) ◽  
pp. 6348-6358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayou Zhang ◽  
Yan Ma
Keyword(s):  
Recombination Rate ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
High Recombination Rate ◽  
Repeat Sequences ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Intramolecular Recombination ◽  
Chimeric Rna

ABSTRACT As a consequence of being diploid, retroviruses have a high recombination rate. Naturally occurring retroviruses contain two repeat sequences (R regions) flanking either end of their RNA genomes, and recombination between these two R regions occurs at a high rate. We deduced that recombination may occur between two sequences within the same RNA molecule (intramolecular) as well as between sequences present within two separate RNA molecules (intermolecular). Intramolecular recombination would usually result in a deletion within the progeny provirus. In this report, we demonstrate that intramolecular recombination between two identical sequences occurred within a chimeric RNA vector. In addition, high rates of recombination between two identical sequences within the same RNA molecule resulted mostly from intramolecular recombination.

Photostable 3D heterojunction photoanode made of ZnO nanosheets coated onto TiO2 nanowire arrays for photoelectrochemical solar hydrogen generation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1989-1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongsong Han ◽  
Wenzhong Wang ◽  
Lizhen Yao ◽  
Chenchun Hao ◽  
Yujie Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recombination Rate ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
Nanowire Arrays ◽  
Solar Hydrogen ◽  
High Recombination Rate ◽  
Tio2 Nanowire ◽  
Zno Nanosheets

Applications of single-phase TiO2 and ZnO in the field of photoelectrochemical (PEC) solar hydrogen generation are limited by their high recombination rate of photogenerated charge carriers.

scholarly journals A high recombination rate in eusocial Hymenoptera: evidence from the common wasp Vespula vulgaris

BMC Genetics ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu Sirviö ◽  
J Spencer Johnston ◽  
Tom Wenseleers ◽  
Pekka Pamilo
Keyword(s):  
Recombination Rate ◽  
High Recombination Rate ◽  
Vespula Vulgaris ◽  
The Common

scholarly journals Recombination between Two Identical Sequences within the Same Retroviral RNA Molecule

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 5912-5917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayou Zhang ◽  
Christy M. Sapp
Keyword(s):  
Recombination Rate ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Repeat Sequence ◽  
Green Fluorescent Protein Gene ◽  
Chimeric Rna ◽  
Retroviral Replication ◽  
Green Fluorescent

ABSTRACT As a consequence of being diploid viruses, members of theRetroviridae have a high recombination rate. To measure recombination between two identical sequences within the same RNA molecule per round of retroviral replication cycle, a murine leukemia virus based vector (JZ442 + 3′ Hyg) has been constructed. It carries a drug resistance gene, hyg, and a 290-bp repeat sequence of the 3′ hyg gene inserted into the 3′ untranslated region of the green fluorescent protein gene (gfp). Under fluorescence microscopy, Hygrcells containing the recombinant proviruses were clear, while a green color was observed in the drug-resistant cells carrying the parental proviruses. The rate of recombination was determined by the ratio of the number of clear colonies to the total number of Hygrcolonies (green and clear colonies). The rate of recombination was found to be 62% by this method. The intermolecular recombination rate between an infectious virus bearing two copies of the 290-bp segment and a noninfectious chimeric RNA virus containing only a single copy of this sequence was also measured.

scholarly journals Genetic and physical analysis of plasmid recombination in recB recC sbcB and recB recC sbcA Escherichia coli K-12 mutants.

Genetics ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Luisi-DeLuca ◽  
S T Lovett ◽  
R D Kolodner
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Recombination Rate ◽  
Transformation Efficiency ◽  
Physical Analysis ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Linear Dimer ◽  
Plasmid Recombination ◽  
Intramolecular Recombination ◽  
K 12

Abstract The effect of mutations in known recombination genes (recA, recB, recC, recE, recF, recJ, recN, recO, recQ and ruv) on intramolecular recombination of plasmids was studied in recB recC sbcB and recB recC sbcA Escherichia coli mutants. The rate of recombination of circular dimer plasmids was at least 1000-fold higher in recB recC sbcB or recB recC sbcA mutants as compared to wild-type cells. The rate was decreased by mutations in recA, recF, recJ, recO, ruv or mutS in recB recC sbcB mutants, and by mutations in recE, recN, recO, recQ, ruv or mutS in recB recC sbcA mutants. In addition to measuring the recombination rate of circular dimer plasmids, the recombination-mediated transformation of linear dimer plasmids was also studied. Linear dimer plasmids transformed recB recC sbcB and recB recC sbcA mutants 20- to 40-fold more efficiently than wild-type cells. The transformation efficiency of linear dimer plasmids in recB recC sbcB mutants was decreased by mutations in recA, recF, recJ, recO, recQ or lexA (lexA3). In recB recC sbcA mutants the transformation efficiency of linear dimers was decreased only by a recE mutation. Physical analysis of linear dimer- or circular dimer-transformed recB recC sbcB mutants revealed that all transformants contained recombinant monomer genotypes. This suggests that recombination in recB recC sbcB cells is very efficient.

scholarly journals Comparative Linkage Mapping Suggests a High Recombination Rate in All Honeybees

2010 ◽  
Vol 101 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S118-S126 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Meznar ◽  
J. Gadau ◽  
N. Koeniger ◽  
O. Rueppell
Keyword(s):  
Recombination Rate ◽  
Linkage Mapping ◽  
High Recombination Rate

Expression of naturally occurring RNA molecules complementary to the murine L27' ribosomal protein mRNA

Gene ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 72 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 277-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Belhumeur ◽  
Marc Lussier ◽  
Daniel Skup
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Protein ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Naturally Occurring

Wafer Level Recombination Carrier Lifetime Measurements of 4H-SiC PiN Epitaxial Wafers

2009 ◽  
Vol 615-617 ◽  
pp. 287-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gil Yong Chung ◽  
Mark J. Loboda ◽  
Mike F. MacMillan ◽  
Jian Wei Wan
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Layer ◽  
Recombination Rate ◽  
Carrier Lifetime ◽  
Wafer Level ◽  
Lifetime Measurements ◽  
High Recombination Rate ◽  
Photoconductive Decay ◽  
Interface Recombination ◽  
Presence And Absence ◽  
Recombination Lifetimes

Effective recombination lifetimes of 4H-SiC PiN epitaxy wafers are measured by -PCD (microwave photoconductive decay) system at wafer level. Lifetimes measured in presence and absence of the p+ layer show lower lifetime values with p+ layer present. This is attributed to high recombination rate at p+/n- interface. Lifetimes at various buffer thicknesses show lower values at the buffer layer of about 50 m due to high interface recombination rate resulting from rougher surface of the buffer layer. Lifetimes of PiN wafers from interrupted and continuous p+/n- growth are very comparable.

scholarly journals RNA Modifications Modulate Activation of Innate Toll-Like Receptors

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Freund ◽  
Tatjana Eigenbrod ◽  
Mark Helm ◽  
Alexander Dalpke
Keyword(s):  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Rna Modifications ◽  
Sequence Context ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Molecular Patterns ◽  
Tlr7 Stimulation

Self/foreign discrimination by the innate immune system depends on receptors that identify molecular patterns as associated to pathogens. Among others, this group includes endosomal Toll-like receptors, among which Toll-like receptors (TLR) 3, 7, 8, and 13 recognize and discriminate mammalian from microbial, potentially pathogen-associated, RNA. One of the discriminatory principles is the recognition of endogenous RNA modifications. Previous work has identified a couple of RNA modifications that impede activation of TLR signaling when incorporated in synthetic RNA molecules. Of note, work that is more recent has now shown that RNA modifications in their naturally occurring context can have immune-modulatory functions: Gm, a naturally occurring ribose-methylation within tRNA resulted in a lack of TLR7 stimulation and within a defined sequence context acted as antagonist. Additional RNA modifications with immune-modulatory functions have now been identified and recent work also indicates that RNA modifications within the context of whole prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells are indeed used for immune-modulation. This review will discuss new findings and developments in the field of immune-modulatory RNA modifications.

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