scholarly journals Dynamic Changes in the Subgingival Microbiome and Their Potential for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Periodontitis

mBio ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baochen Shi ◽  
Michaela Chang ◽  
John Martin ◽  
Makedonka Mitreva ◽  
Renate Lux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Progression ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Microbiome Profile ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRACTThe human microbiome influences and reflects the health or disease state of the host. Periodontitis, a disease affecting about half of American adults, is associated with alterations in the subgingival microbiome of individual tooth sites. Although it can be treated, the disease can reoccur and may progress without symptoms. Without prognostic markers, follow-up examinations are required to assess reoccurrence and disease progression and to determine the need for additional treatments. To better identify and predict the disease progression, we aim to determine whether the subgingival microbiome can serve as a diagnosis and prognosis indicator. Using metagenomic shotgun sequencing, we characterized the dynamic changes in the subgingival microbiome in periodontitis patients before and after treatment at the same tooth sites. At the taxonomic composition level, the periodontitis-associated microorganisms were significantly shifted from highly correlated in the diseased state to poorly correlated after treatment, suggesting that coordinated interactions among the pathogenic microorganisms are essential to disease pathogenesis. At the functional level, we identified disease-associated pathways that were significantly altered in relative abundance in the two states. Furthermore, using the subgingival microbiome profile, we were able to classify the samples to their clinical states with an accuracy of 81.1%. Follow-up clinical examination of the sampled sites supported the predictive power of the microbiome profile on disease progression. Our study revealed the dynamic changes in the subgingival microbiome contributing to periodontitis and suggested potential clinical applications of monitoring the subgingival microbiome as an indicator in disease diagnosis and prognosis.IMPORTANCEPeriodontitis is a common oral disease. Although it can be treated, the disease may reoccur without obvious symptoms. Current clinical examination parameters are useful in disease diagnosis but cannot adequately predict the outcome of individual tooth sites after treatment. A link between the subgingival microbiota and periodontitis was identified previously; however, it remains to be investigated whether the microbiome can serve as a diagnostic and prognostic indicator. In this study, for the first time, we characterized the subgingival microbiome of individual tooth sites before and after treatment using a large-scale metagenomic analysis. Our longitudinal study revealed changes in the microbiota in taxonomic composition, cooccurrence of subgingival microorganisms, and functional composition. Using the microbiome profiles, we were able to classify the clinical states of subgingival plaque samples with a high accuracy. Follow-up clinical examination of sampled sites indicates that the subgingival microbiome profile shows promise for the development of diagnostic and prognostic tools.

Abstract WP171: Surgical Strategy And Results Of Additional Bypass For Patients With Moyamoya Disease Refractory To Previous Surgery

Stroke ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Kuroda ◽  
Naoki Akioka ◽  
Daina Kashiwazaki ◽  
Hideo Hamada ◽  
Naoya Kuwayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Progression ◽  
Moyamoya Disease ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Posterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Hemodynamics ◽  
Surgical Revascularization ◽  
Surgical Strategies ◽  
Cerebrovascular Events ◽  
Before And After

Introduction —It is well known that surgical revascularization can improve cerebral hemodynamics and prevent further ischemic cerebrovascular events in moyamoya disease. However, a certain subgroup of patients repeats ischemic attacks even after surgery because of insufficient surgery or disease progression during follow-up periods. Hypothesis —Relevant designs and techniques in additional bypass surgery can resolve ischemic cerebrovascular events in patients with moyamoya disease refractory to previous bypass surgery. Methods —This study included totally 7 patients (9 hemispheres) with moyamoya disease refractory to previous bypass surgery. There were 5 children and 2 adults. They underwent previous bypass surgery in Japan and Europe 6 to 240 months before admission. Based on precise clinical and radiological analysis, cerebrovascular events were considered to occur because of insufficient bypass surgery in 5 patients and disease progression in the ipsilateral posterior cerebral artery in 2. Surgical strategies included wide craniotomy to cover the area where cerebral hemodynamics is still impaired and appropriate bypass procedures such as STA-MCA anastomosis, OA-PCA anastomosis, and indirect bypass. Using [123]I-IMP SPECT or [15]O-gas PET, cerebral hemodynamics was precisely examined before and after surgery Results —Postoperative course was uneventful and cerebral hemodynamics significantly improved in all 7 patients. Postoperative cerebral angiography revealed that additional bypass provided collateral blood flow to ischemic area before surgery. Ischemic cerebrovascular events rapidly resolved in 5 patients and gradually decreased in 2. Conclusion —This study strongly suggests adequate surgical design and procedures can resolve ischemic cerebrovascular events in patients with moyamoya disease refractory to previous bypass surgery.

scholarly journals IMPORTANCE OF ASHTAVIDHA PARIKSHA – AS A DIAGNOSTIC TOOL

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1000-1006
Author(s):  
Bhoomika Patel ◽  
Sanjay Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Therapeutic Tool ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Different Types

For effective management of disease, diagnosis and prognosis are two important aspects. Clinical examination is an important tool for assessment of disease as well as condition of patient. Different types of examination depicted in Ayurveda among that Ashtavidha Pariksha viz. Nadi (Pulse), Mootra (Urine), Mala (Faeces), Jihwa (Tongue), Shabda (Speech), Sparsha (Touch), Drika (Eyes) and Akriti (Posture) an effective tool for clinical examination of patient, which was routinely used by traditional Ayurvedic practitioner, but is missing in present era. In this paper, the clinical utility of Ashtavidha Pariksha is discussed which will be helpful for scholars to use it as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool in their clinical practice. Keywords: Ashtasthana Pariksha, Ayurveda, Examination, Diagnosis, Prognosis.

scholarly journals Dynamic Changes in Plasma MicroRNAs Have Potential Predictive Values in Monitoring Recurrence and Metastasis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Xu ◽  
Juan Lu ◽  
Fan Wang ◽  
Xiong Liu ◽  
Xiaohong Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Circulating Micrornas ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Plasma Mirnas

Although circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have already proven to be useful as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), the potential of these molecules to monitor patients over time has been less explored. This study aimed to analyze dynamic changes in plasma miRNAs before and after treatment and explore their clinical significance in monitoring recurrence and metastasis of NPC. Candidate miRNAs were screened by microarray analysis and validated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). In the follow-up cohort including 102 patients, blood samples (plasma) were collected before the treatment initiation, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after treatments, and at the time of any recurrence or metastasis. Among these plasma miRNAs, miR-9-3p, miR-124-3p, miR-892b, and miR-3676-3p were significantly upregulated (P = 0.018, P = 0.039, P = 0.001, and P = 0.01, resp.) after treatment compared with pretreatment, and the four plasma miRNAs were downregulated again at recurrence or metastasis (P < 0.001, P = 0.015, P = 0.003, and P = 0.026, resp.). The dynamic changes in plasma miRNAs after treatment reflect the outcome of the disease and have the potential to monitor recurrence and metastasis in patients with NPC.

Comparative evaluation of progression rate in keratoconus before and after collagen crosslinking

2017 ◽  
Vol 102 (8) ◽  
pp. 1109-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Meng Wang ◽  
Tommy CY Chan ◽  
Marco C Y Yu ◽  
Vishal Jhanji
Keyword(s):  
Disease Progression ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Progression Rate ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Swept Source ◽  
Collagen Crosslinking ◽  
Mixed Effect Models ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Corneal Collagen Crosslinking

PurposeTo compare the rate of disease progression in keratoconus before and after corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL).Methods145 eyes were followed without CXL (no-CXL group) for a median duration of 31 months whereas 45 eyes were followed up for 41 months before (pre-CXL) and after (post-CXL) accelerated, epithelium-off crosslinking. Progression was defined based on significant slope found in linear mixed effect models against time. Swept-source optical coherence tomography was used for measurement of anterior steep keratometry, anterior flat keratometry (Ant Kf), anterior average keratometry (Ant Avg K); posterior steep keratometry, posteriorflat keratometry (Post Kf), posterior average keratometry (Post Avg K) and corneal thickness.ResultsThe patients in pre-CXL group were significantly younger (26.3±5.48 years) compared with the patients in no-CXL group (32.7±10.24 years) (P=0.004). Significant differences were observed during baseline examination for all parameters (P≤0.035) between pre-CXL and no-CXL groups except Ant Cyl and Post Cyl. During observation period, statistically significant differences were noted between pre-CXL and no-CXL groups in the progression rate of Ant Kf, Ant Avg K, Post Kf and Post Avg K (P≤0.045). After CXL, the progression rate in post-CXL group was comparable to that in no-CXL group. All corneal parameters remained stable in no-CXL group throughout the follow-up period.ConclusionsSerial tomographic examination is useful to document disease progression before and after CXL. In our study, a decrease in progression rate of corneal parameters was noted after CXL. In cases with stable corneal parameters over time, careful monitoring can be considered instead of collagen crosslinking.

scholarly journals Cinical, Metabolic, and Genetic Analysis and Follow-Up of Eight Patients With HIBCH Mutations Presenting With Leigh/Leigh-Like Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junling Wang ◽  
Zhimei Liu ◽  
Manting Xu ◽  
Xiaodi Han ◽  
Changhong Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Feeding Difficulties ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Developmental Regression

3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase (HIBCH, NM_014362.3) gene mutation can cause HIBCH deficiency, leading to Leigh/Leigh-like disease. To date, few case series have investigated the relationship between metabolites and clinical phenotypes or the effects of treatment, although 34 patients with HIBCH mutations from 27 families have been reported. The purpose of this study was to analyze the phenotypic spectrum, follow-up results, metabolites, and genotypes of patients with HIBCH deficiency presenting with Leigh/Leigh-like syndrome and explore specific metabolites related to disease diagnosis and prognosis through retrospective and longitudinal studies. Applying next-generation sequencing, we identified eight patients with HIBCH mutations from our cohort of 181 cases of genetically diagnosed Leigh/Leigh-like syndrome. Six novel HIBCH mutations were identified: c.977T&gt;G [p.Leu326Arg], c.1036G&gt;T [p.Val346Phe], c.750+1G&gt;A, c.810-2A&gt;C, c.469C&gt;T [p.Arg157*], and c.236delC [p.Pro79Leufs*5]. The Newcastle Pediatric Mitochondrial Disease Scale (NPMDS) was employed to assess disease progression and clinical outcomes. The non-invasive approach of metabolite analysis showed that levels of some were associated with clinical phenotype severity. Five (5/7) patients presented with elevated C4-OH in dried blood spots, and the level was probably correlated with the NPMDS scores during the peak disease phase. 2,3-Dihydroxy-2-methylbutyrate in urine was elevated in six (6/7) patients and elevated S-(2-caboxypropyl)cysteamine in urine was found in three patients (3/3). The median age at initial presentation was 13 months (8–18 months), and the median follow-up was 2.3 years (range 1.3–7.2 years). We summarized and compared with all reported patients with HIBCH mutations. The most prominent clinical manifestations were developmental regression/delay, hypotonia, encephalopathy, and feeding difficulties. We administered drug and dietary treatment. During follow-up, five patients responded positively to treatment with a significant decrease in NPMDS scores. Our research is the largest case series of patients with HIBCH mutations.

scholarly journals DIAGNOSTIC IMPORTANCE OF SALIVA

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Mutum Sangeeta Devi ◽  
Manju J ◽  
Rahul B ◽  
Vasant M Bhanushali
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Disease Specificity ◽  
Salivary Diagnostics ◽  
Diagnostic Importance

As a non-invasive and safe source, saliva could be a blood replacement in disease diagnosis and prognosis. Saliva can manifest from minor infections to malignancies. It is easy for both patients and clinicians to collect saliva. This article describes the latest advances in saliva-related studies and future benefits in early detection of oral diseases, such as dental caries and periodontal disease, as well as other systemic disorders including malignancy. Specific guidelines and outcomes regarding the future are expected. Salivary diagnostics should be available, along with high-sensitivity and various systemic and oral disease specificity tests.

Melatih Kepemimpinan Perangkat Desa Kebonharjo Kulonprogo: Membangun Sikap Anti Korupsi

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Adi Heryadi ◽  
Evianawati Evianawati
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Sample Test ◽  
Corruption Perception ◽  
Measuring Tool

This study aims to prove whether transformational leadership training is effective for building anti-corruption attitudes of villages in Kebonharjo village, subdistrict Samigaluh Kulonprogo. This research is an experimental research with one group pre and posttest design.Subject design is 17 people from village of 21 candidates registered. Measuring tool used in this research is the scale of anti-corruption perception made by the researcher referring to the 9 anti-corruption values with the value of reliability coefficient of 0.871. The module used as an intervention made by the researcher refers to the transformational leadership dimension (Bass, 1990). The data collected is analyzed by statistical analysis of different test Paired Sample Test. Initial data collection results obtained sign value of 0.770 which means> 0.05 or no significant difference between anti-corruption perception score between before and after training. After a period of less than 1 (one) month then conducted again the measurement of follow-up of the study subjects in the measurement again using the scale of anti-corruption perception. The results of the second data collection were analysed with Paired Samples Test and obtained the value of 0.623 sign meaning p> 0.05 or no significant difference between post test data with follow-up data so that the hypothesis of this study was rejected.

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