Analysis of a tissue-specific enhancer: ARF6 regulates adipogenic gene expression

The molecular basis of adipocyte-specific gene expression is not well understood. We have previously identified a 518-bp enhancer from the adipocyte P2 gene that stimulates adipose-specific gene expression in both cultured cells and transgenic mice. In this analysis of the enhancer, we have defined and characterized a 122-bp DNA fragment that directs differentiation-dependent gene expression in cultured preadipocytes and adipocytes. Several cis-acting elements have been identified and shown by mutational analysis to be important for full enhancer activity. One pair of sequences, ARE2 and ARE4, binds a nuclear factor (ARF2) present in extracts derived from many cell types. Multiple copies of these elements stimulate gene expression from a minimal promoter in preadipocytes, adipocytes, and several other cultured cell lines. A second pair of elements, ARE6 and ARE7, binds a separate factor (ARF6) that is detected only in nuclear extracts derived from adipocytes. The ability of multimers of ARE6 or ARE7 to stimulate promoter activity is strictly adipocyte specific. Mutations in the ARE6 sequence greatly reduce the activity of the 518-bp enhancer. These data demonstrate that several cis- and trans-acting components contribute to the activity of the adipocyte P2 enhancer and suggest that ARF6, a novel differentiation-dependent factor, may be a key regulator of adipogenic gene expression.

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Nonlinear partial differential equations and applications: Pineal expression-promoting element (PIPE), a cis-acting element, directs pineal-specific gene expression in zebrafish

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.232444199 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 99 (24) ◽

pp. 15456-15461 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Y. Asaoka ◽

H. Mano ◽

D. Kojima ◽

Y. Fukada

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Partial Differential Equations ◽

Differential Equations ◽

Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations ◽

Specific Gene ◽

Partial Differential ◽

Cis Acting ◽

Specific Gene Expression

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Chromatin state signatures associated with tissue-specific gene expression and enhancer activity in the embryonic limb

Genome Research ◽

10.1101/gr.129817.111 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 1069-1080 ◽

Cited By ~ 99

Author(s):

Justin Cotney ◽

Jing Leng ◽

Sunghee Oh ◽

Laura E. DeMare ◽

Steven K. Reilly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Chromatin State ◽

Specific Gene ◽

Enhancer Activity ◽

Tissue Specific ◽

Tissue Specific Gene ◽

Specific Gene Expression ◽

Embryonic Limb

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Cell type-specific gene expression underpins remodelling of cell wall pectin in exocarp and cortex during apple fruit development

Journal of Experimental Botany ◽

10.1093/jxb/erz370 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (21) ◽

pp. 6085-6099

Author(s):

Patrick P Collins ◽

Erin M O’donoghue ◽

Ria Rebstock ◽

Heather R Tiffin ◽

Paul W Sutherland ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Cell Wall ◽

Fruit Development ◽

Cell Types ◽

Apple Fruit ◽

Epidermal Cells ◽

Specific Gene ◽

Cell Type ◽

Specific Gene Expression ◽

Cell Type Specific

Young apple epidermal cells process cell wall pectic arabinan and galactan side chains different from other cell types, resulting in debranched linear arabinans and the absence of galactans.

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Mesonephric cell migration induces testis cord formation and Sertoli cell differentiation in the mammalian gonad

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.126.13.2883 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 126 (13) ◽

pp. 2883-2890 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C. Tilmann ◽

B. Capel

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Cell Migration ◽

Single Gene ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Critical Role ◽

Cell Types ◽

Specific Gene ◽

Specific Gene Expression ◽

Male Specific ◽

Testis Cord

In mammals a single gene on the Y chromosome, Sry, controls testis formation. One of the earliest effects of Sry expression is the induction of somatic cell migration from the mesonephros into the XY gonad. Here we show that mesonephric cells are required for cord formation and male-specific gene expression in XY gonads in a stage-specific manner. Culturing XX gonads with an XY gonad at their surface, as a ‘sandwich’, resulted in cell migration into the XX tissue. Analysis of sandwich gonads revealed that in the presence of migrating cells, XX gonads organized cord structures and acquired male-specific gene expression patterns. From these results, we conclude that mesonephric cell migration plays a critical role in the formation of testis cords and the differentiation of XY versus XX cell types.

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Melanocyte-specific gene expression: role of repression and identification of a melanocyte-specific factor, MSF

Molecular and Cellular Biology ◽

10.1128/mcb.14.5.3494-3503.1994 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 3494-3503

Author(s):

U Yavuzer ◽

C R Goding

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Mutational Analysis ◽

Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽

Specific Factor ◽

Specific Gene ◽

Binding Motif ◽

Specific Expression ◽

Tissue Specific ◽

Specific Gene Expression

For a gene to be transcribed in a tissue-specific fashion, expression must be achieved in the appropriate cell type and also be prevented in other tissues. As an approach to understanding the regulation of tissue-specific gene expression, we have analyzed the requirements for melanocyte-specific expression of the tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1) promoter. Positive regulation of TRP-1 expression is mediated by both an octamer-binding motif and an 11-bp element, termed the M box, which is conserved between the TRP-1 and other melanocyte-specific promoters. We show here that, consistent with its ability to activate transcription in a non-tissue-specific fashion, the M box binds the basic-helix-loop-helix factor USF in vitro. With the use of a combination of site-directed mutagenesis and chimeric promoter constructs, additional elements involved in regulating TRP-1 expression were identified. These include the TATA region, which appears to contribute to the melanocyte specificity of the TRP-1 promoter. Mutational analysis also identified two repressor elements, one at the start site, the other located at -240, which function both in melanoma and nonmelanoma cells. In addition, a melanocyte-specific factor, MSF, binds to sites which overlap both repressor elements, with substitution mutations demonstrating that binding by MSF is not required for repression. Although a functional role for MSF has not been unequivocally determined, the location of its binding sites leads us to speculate that it may act as a melanocyte-specific antirepressor during transcription of the endogenous TRP-1 gene.

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