scholarly journals Genome Sequences of Novel Torque Teno Viruses Identified in Human Brain Tissue

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (37) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Kraberger ◽  
Diego Mastroeni ◽  
Elaine Delvaux ◽  
Arvind Varsani
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
Human Brain Tissue ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Open Reading Frame 1

ABSTRACT Complete genome sequences of two novel torque teno viruses (TTVs) were identified in human brain tissue. These sequences are 3,245 nucleotides (nt) and 2,900 nt long and share 68% and 72% open reading frame 1 (ORF1) identity, respectively, with other human TTVs. This report extends the identification of TTV sequences in the brain.

scholarly journals Spontaneous glioma-induced seizures recorded in a living human brain tissue preparation

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. iv16-iv16
Author(s):  
Alastair Kirby ◽  
Jose Pedro Lavrador ◽  
Christian Brogna ◽  
Francesco Vergani ◽  
Bassel Zebian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Brain Slices ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Tissue Preparation ◽  
Spontaneous Seizure ◽  
Human Brain Tissue ◽  
Who Grade ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Gliomas often present clinically with seizures. Tumour-associated seizures can be difficult to control with medication. A deeper understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying tumour-associated seizures would provide a basis for developing new treatments. Here, we investigate epileptic discharges in peritumoral cortex using living human brain tissue donated by people having a craniotomy for glioma resection (REC approval, 18/SW/002). The brain tissue was cut into thin slices, which preserved the architecture of the glioma and the adjacent healthy brain. The brain slices were incubated in 5-aminolevulinic acid to make the glioma cells fluorescent. This enabled us to make electrophysiological recordings of brain activity across the boundary between glioma and brain. We recorded from brain slices of 5 participants with glioblastoma and 4 participants with oligodendroglioma (WHO grade II – III). Spontaneous “seizure-like” discharges were recorded in brain slices from 5/8 participants (3 GBM, 2 oligodendroglioma) who reported seizures and from one participant (GBM) who had not had any clinical seizures. Further analysis of the seizure-like discharges revealed that they could be subdivided into two distinct types based on the major frequencies in the discharge. We concluded that human brain slices from people with either a low-grade or a high-grade glioma can generate spontaneous seizure-like discharges. The living human brain tissue preparation gives us a platform to study the mechanisms of tumour-associated seizures and how abnormal neural activity affects glioma growth.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of Human Coronavirus NL63 CN0601/14, First Isolated in South Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong-Min Kim ◽  
Seung-Tae Kim ◽  
Jeong-Sun Yang ◽  
Sung Soon Kim ◽  
Hyang-Min Cheong
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Reading Frame

ABSTRACT We report here the complete genome sequence of the human coronavirus NL63 CN0601/14 strain, first isolated from South Korea. It contains 18-nucleotide discontinuous deletions of the open reading frame 1a (ORF1a) and spike regions. This study will aid in our understanding of the complete genome sequences of isolated coronaviruses in South Korea.

scholarly journals P11.49 An electrophysiological signature of glioma infiltration in the ex vivo human brain

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii54-iii54
Author(s):  
A J Kirby ◽  
J P Lavrador ◽  
C Brogna ◽  
F Vergani ◽  
C Chandler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Brain Slices ◽  
Glioma Cells ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Tissue Preparation ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Spontaneous Seizure ◽  
Human Brain Tissue ◽  
The Brain

Abstract BACKGROUND Invading glioma cells affect the physiological function of the peritumoural cortex. This may manifest clinically as seizures. Here, we investigate the effect the invading glioma cells on the electrophysiological signalling of the peritumoral cortex using living human brain tissue donated by people having a craniotomy for glioma resection (REC approval, 18/SW/002). MATERIAL AND METHODS The brain tissue was cut into thin slices, which preserved the architecture of the glioma and the adjacent healthy brain. The brain slices were incubated in 5-aminolevulinic acid to make the glioma cells fluorescent. We observed 5-ALA induced fluorescence in both low-grade and high-grade gliomas. This enabled us to make electrophysiological recordings of brain activity across the boundary between glioma and brain. RESULTS We recorded from brain slices of 5 participants with glioblastoma and 4 participants with oligodendroglioma (WHO grade II - III). Spontaneous “seizure-like” discharges were recorded in brain slices from 5/8 participants (3 GBM, 2 oligodendroglioma) who reported seizures and from one participant (GBM) who had not had any clinical seizures. Further analysis of the electrical discharges revealed that they could be subdivided into two distinct types based on the major frequencies in the discharge. CONCLUSION We concluded that human brain slices from people with either a low-grade or a high-grade glioma can generate spontaneous seizure-like discharges. This electrophysiological signature will be compared to infiltration and grade of the glioma cells in the donated sample. The living human brain tissue preparation gives us a platform to study the mechanisms of tumour-associated seizures and how abnormal neural activity affects glioma growth.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequences of Three Novel Saimiri sciureus Papillomavirus Types Isolated from the Cervicovaginal Region of Squirrel Monkeys

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zigui Chen ◽  
Charles E. Wood ◽  
Christian R. Abee ◽  
Robert D. Burk
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Squirrel Monkeys ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
Saimiri Sciureus ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Sequence Identities

ABSTRACT The complete genome sequences of three novel Saimiri sciureus papillomavirus (SscPV) types (SscPV1 to SscPV3) isolated from the cervicovaginal region of squirrel monkeys were characterized. These three PV types share 78.1 to 83.3% nucleotide sequence identities with each other across the complete L1 open reading frame and cluster in the genus Dyoomikronpapillomavirus.

scholarly journals Coding-Complete Genome Sequences of Alpha and Delta SARS-CoV-2 Variants from Kamphaeng Phet Province, Thailand, from May to July 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (48) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanyarat Phutthasophit ◽  
Darunee Buddhari ◽  
Piyawan Chinnawirotpisan ◽  
Khajohn Joonlasak ◽  
Wudtichai Manasatienkij ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Nonsense Mutations ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Alpha Variant

We report coding-complete genome sequences of 44 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strains of the alpha and delta variants identified from patients in Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand. Two nonsense mutations in open reading frame 3a (ORF3a) (G254*) and ORF8 (K68*) were found in the alpha variant sequences. Two lineages of the delta variant, B.1.617.2 and AY.30, were found.

The right way, the wrong way, and the army way: A dendritic parable

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-575
Author(s):  
Arnold B. Scheibel
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Human Brain Tissue ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

We suggest that neither selectionism nor constructivism alone are responsible for learning-based changes in the brain. On the basis of quantitative structural studies of human brain tissue it has been possible to find evidence of both increase and decrease in tissue mass at synaptic and dendritic levels. It would appear that both processes are involved in the course of learning-dependent changes.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequences of Human Astrovirus Prototype Strains (Types 1 to 8)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina J. Castro ◽  
Emily Reynolds ◽  
Stephan S. Monroe ◽  
Rachel L. Marine ◽  
Jan Vinjé
Keyword(s):  
Complete Genome ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
Nucleotide Identity ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Human Astrovirus ◽  
Open Reading Frame 2

We report the complete genome sequences of the eight human astrovirus Oxford prototype strains. These sequences share 94.9% to 99.9% nucleotide identity with open reading frame 2 (ORF2) genes of astrovirus genomes previously deposited in GenBank and include the first complete genome of human astrovirus type 7.

scholarly journals Identification of the ZEB2 gene as a potential target for epilepsy therapy and the association between rs10496964 and ZEB2 expression

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 030006052098052
Author(s):  
Shitao Wang ◽  
Dan Wang ◽  
Xuemei Cai ◽  
Qian Wu ◽  
Yanbing Han
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Human Brain Tissue ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Epilepsy Therapy ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Zeb2 Expression

Objective An association between the rs10496964 polymorphism and the ZEB2 gene has not yet been reported, and the role of ZEB2 in epilepsy therapy is also unclear. The aims of this research were to evaluate the role of ZEB2 in the therapy of epilepsy and to explore the association between rs10496964 and ZEB2 expression. Methods We used the expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) dataset resource from the Brain eQTL Almanac to evaluate the association between rs10496964 and ZEB2 expression in human brain tissue. Pathway and process enrichment analysis, protein–protein interaction analysis, and PhosphoSitePlus® analysis were then performed to further evaluate the role of ZEB2 in the therapy of epilepsy. Results The rs10496964 polymorphism was found to regulate the expression of ZEB2 in human brain tissue. The ZEB2 protein interacts with the targets of approved antiepileptic drugs, and a post-translational acetylation modification of ZEB2 was associated with an epilepsy drug therapy. Conclusion Our findings suggest that ZEB2 may be involved in the therapy of epilepsy, and rs10496964 regulates ZEB2 expression in human brain tissue.

scholarly journals Manufacturing process for hydrogel vessel phantoms

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 537-540
Author(s):  
Marco Kalmar ◽  
Thomas Hoffmann ◽  
Jörg Sauerhering ◽  
Fabian Klink
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Tissue Perfusion ◽  
Human Brain Tissue ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Building Models ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Brain

AbstractPhantoms mimicking special physiological processes of the human body are essential for evaluating prototypes of medical devices. Especially for thermometric MRI measurements, the temperature distribution in the brain needs to be simulated. Since this parameter is dependent on the tissue perfusion, a new hydrogel by MAGDASSIS et al. was evaluated in this work for building models with hollow artery structures. This hydrogel can be polymerized through UV-light due to the nanoparticles contained in it. Additionally, thermal parameters were measured and compared to human brain tissue. The indirect manufacturing of hydrogel phantoms showed good qualitative results for vessels with a diameter > 3 mm. In this process a 3D printed wax core was inserted in the hydrogel and the structure was then UV cured after molding. After curing the core was dissolved in an isopropanol bath. The thermal properties, obtained by the transient planesource- method, showed similar values compared to that of human brain tissue mentioned in literature. Further limitations in the manufacturing process needs to be overcome to use the indirect manufacture approach for smaller vessels of the brain.

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