scholarly journals Fecal Metagenome Sequences from Lactating Dairy Cows Shedding Escherichia coli O157:H7

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Serajus Salaheen ◽  
Seon Woo Kim ◽  
Jeffrey S. Karns ◽  
Bradd J. Haley ◽  
Jo Ann S. Van Kessel
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Human Infections

Cattle are primary reservoirs of Escherichia coli O157:H7, a causative agent of severe human infections. To facilitate analyses of the communities in which this pathogen is found, we sequenced the fecal metagenomes of 10 dairy cows shedding E. coli O157:H7 and added them to the public domain.

scholarly journals Regional Immune Response to Immunization with Escherichia coli O157:H7-Derived Intimin in Cattle

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn G. Boland ◽  
Andrea N. Hayles ◽  
Claire B. Miller ◽  
Tovah Kerr ◽  
Wendy C. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Local Responses ◽  
Human Infections

ABSTRACTEscherichia coliO157:H7 is an enteric pathogen of animals and humans that can result in deadly sequelae. Cattle are asymptomatic carriers and shedders of the bacteria and serve as an important reservoir of human infection.E. coliO157:H7 colonizes the gastrointestinal tract, most frequently at the rectoanal junction mucosa in cattle. Vaccination is a potentially highly effective means of decreasing cattle colonization and shedding and thereby decreasing human infections. Currently available vaccines are administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly, and immune responses have been evaluated solely by systemic immunoglobulin responses. This study evaluated local and systemic lymphoproliferative responses in addition to immunoglobulin responses following subcutaneous or mucosal (rectal) immunization withE. coliO157:H7 outer membrane protein intimin over three trials. In all three trials, significant local and systemic lymphoproliferative responses (P< 0.05) occurred following immunization in the majority of animals, as well as significant immunoglobulin responses (P< 0.001) in all animals. Surprisingly, local responses in the mesorectal lymph nodes were very similar between the subcutaneous and mucosal immunization groups. Moreover, the responses in mesorectal lymph nodes appeared targeted rather than generalized, as minimal or no significant responses were observed in the associated prescapular lymph nodes of subcutaneously immunized animals. The results indicate that both subcutaneous and mucosal immunizations are effective methods of inducing immune responses againstE. coliO157:H7 in cattle.

scholarly journals Genome Sequences of 104 Escherichia coli O157:H7 Isolates from Pigs, Cattle, and Pork Production Environments in Alberta, Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peipei Zhang ◽  
Saida Essendoubi ◽  
Julia Keenliside ◽  
Tim Reuter ◽  
Kim Stanford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pork Production ◽  
The Public ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cattle Feces ◽  
Production Environments

Genome sequences of Escherichia coli O157:H7 originating from pigs are limited in the public databases. We sequenced 104 E. coli O157:H7 isolates from pig and cattle feces and pork production environments in Alberta, Canada. The information will aid studies investigating sources of E. coli O157:H7 contaminating pork and the associated environments.

scholarly journals Effect of Cattle Diet on Escherichia coli O157:H7 Acid Resistance

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 3233-3235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn J. Hovde ◽  
Paula R. Austin ◽  
Karen A. Cloud ◽  
Christopher J. Williams ◽  
Carl W. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Human Infections

ABSTRACT The duration of shedding of Escherichia coli O157 isolates by hay-fed and grain-fed steers experimentally inoculated withE. coli O157:H7 was compared, as well as the acid resistance of the bacteria. The hay-fed animals shed E. coli O157 longer than the grain-fed animals, and irrespective of diet, these bacteria were equally acid resistant. Feeding cattle hay may increase human infections with E. coli O157:H7.

Escherichia coli O157 in Cull Dairy Cows on Farm and at Slaughter

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 1386-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL H. RICE ◽  
ERIC D. EBEL ◽  
DALE D. HANCOCK ◽  
THOMAS E. BESSER ◽  
DONALD E. HERRIOTT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cull Cows ◽  
On Farm

Cull dairy cattle both on the farm and at slaughter from herds in the states of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington were surveyed for Escherichia coli O157 by culturing fecal swab samples. A total of 205 cull cows from 19 dairy herds were sampled on the farm of origin; 7 (3.4%) tested positive for E. coli O157. A total of 103 cull cows from 15 dairy herds were sampled at slaughter; 4 (3.9%) were positive for E. coli O157. Eighty-nine cull cows were sampled both at the farm and at slaughter; 2 (2.2%) were positive in both locations, 3 (3.3%) only on the farm, and 2 (2.2%) only at the slaughter plant. Seven (7.9%) of the 89 cull cows tracked from farm to slaughter were positive in at least one location. This suggests a higher prevalence of E. coli O157 in cull dairy cattle than previously has been reported to occur in other ages and classes of cattle.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Carriage of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Serotypes O157:H7, O26:H11, O103:H2, O111:H8, and O145:H28 among Slaughtered Adult Cattle in France

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 1397-1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delphine Bibbal ◽  
Estelle Loukiadis ◽  
Monique Kérourédan ◽  
Franck Ferré ◽  
Françoise Dilasser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beef Bulls ◽  
Dairy Bulls

ABSTRACTThe main pathogenic enterohemorrhagicEscherichia coli(EHEC) strains are defined as Shiga toxin (Stx)-producingE. coli(STEC) belonging to one of the following serotypes: O157:H7, O26:H11, O103:H2, O111:H8, and O145:H28. Each of these five serotypes is known to be associated with a specific subtype of the intimin-encoding gene (eae). The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of bovine carriers of these “top five” STEC in the four adult cattle categories slaughtered in France. Fecal samples were collected from 1,318 cattle, including 291 young dairy bulls, 296 young beef bulls, 337 dairy cows, and 394 beef cows. A total of 96E. coliisolates, including 33 top five STEC and 63 atypical enteropathogenicE. coli(aEPEC) isolates, with the same genetic characteristics as the top five STEC strains except that they lacked anstxgene, were recovered from these samples. O157:H7 was the most frequently isolated STEC serotype. The prevalence of top five STEC (all serotypes included) was 4.5% in young dairy bulls, 2.4% in young beef bulls, 1.8% in dairy cows, and 1.0% in beef cows. It was significantly higher in young dairy bulls (P< 0.05) than in the other 3 categories. The basis for these differences between categories remains to be elucidated. Moreover, simultaneous carriage of STEC O26:H11 and STEC O103:H2 was detected in one young dairy bull. Lastly, the prevalence of bovine carriers of the top five STEC, evaluated through a weighted arithmetic mean of the prevalence by categories, was estimated to 1.8% in slaughtered adult cattle in France.

scholarly journals Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 Survival in Soil and Translocation into Leeks (Allium porrum) as Influenced by an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus (Glomus intraradices)

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 1813-1820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua B. Gurtler ◽  
David D. Douds ◽  
Brian P. Dirks ◽  
Jennifer J. Quinlan ◽  
April M. Nicholson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Allium Porrum ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACTA study was conducted to determine the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi onSalmonellaand enterohemorrhagicEscherichia coliO157:H7 (EHEC) in autoclaved soil and translocation into leek plants. Six-week-old leek plants (with [Myc+] or without [Myc−] AM fungi) were inoculated with composite suspensions ofSalmonellaor EHEC at ca. 8.2 log CFU/plant into soil. Soil, root, and shoot samples were analyzed for pathogens on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 postinoculation. Initial populations (day 1) were ca. 3.1 and 2.1 log CFU/root, ca. 2.0 and 1.5 log CFU/shoot, and ca. 5.5 and 5.1 CFU/g of soil forSalmonellaand EHEC, respectively. Enrichments indicated that at days 8 and 22, only 31% of root samples were positive for EHEC, versus 73% positive forSalmonella. The meanSalmonellalevel in soil was 3.4 log CFU/g at day 22, while EHEC populations dropped to ≤0.75 log CFU/g by day 15. Overall,Salmonellasurvived in a greater number of shoot, root, and soil samples, compared with the survival of EHEC. EHEC was not present in Myc− shoots after day 8 (0/16 samples positive); however, EHEC persisted in higher numbers (P= 0.05) in Myc+ shoots (4/16 positive) at days 15 and 22.Salmonella, likewise, survived in statistically higher numbers of Myc+ shoot samples (8/8) at day 8, compared with survival in Myc− shoots (i.e., only 4/8). These results suggest that AM fungi may potentially enhance the survival ofE. coliO157:H7 andSalmonellain the stems of growing leek plants.

scholarly journals Physical Covering for Control of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. in Static and Windrow Composting Processes

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 2063-2074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitendra R. Patel ◽  
Irene Yossa ◽  
Dumitru Macarisin ◽  
Patricia Millner
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Bacterial Reduction ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Rapid Reduction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Windrow Composting ◽  
Composting Systems ◽  
Feedstock Material

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the effect of a 30-cm covering of finished compost (FC) on survival ofEscherichia coliO157:H7 andSalmonellaspp. in active static and windrow composting systems. Feedstocks inoculated withE. coliO157:H7 (7.41 log CFU/g) andSalmonella(6.46 log CFU/g) were placed in biosentry tubes (7.5-cm diameter, 30-cm height) at three locations: (i and ii) two opposing sides at the interface between the FC cover layer (where present) and the feedstock material (each positioned approximately 10 cm below the pile's surface) and (iii) an internal location (top) (approximately 30 cm below the surface). On specific sampling days, surviving populations of inoculatedE. coliO157:H7 andSalmonella, genericE. coli, and coliforms in compost samples were determined.Salmonellaspp. were reduced significantly within 24 h in windrow piles and were below the detection limit after 3 and 7 days at internal locations of windrow and static piles containing FC covering, respectively. Likewise,E. coliO157:H7 was undetectable after 1 day in windrow piles covered with finished compost. Use of FC as a covering layer significantly increased the number of days that temperatures in the windrows remained ≥55°C at all locations and in static piles at internal locations. These time-temperature exposures resulted in rapid reduction of inoculated pathogens, and the rate of bacterial reduction was rapid in windrow piles. The sample location significantly influenced the survival of these pathogens at internal locations compared to that at interface locations of piles. Finished compost covering of compost piles aids in the reduction of pathogens during the composting process.

Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment for Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes in Leafy Green Vegetables Consumed at Salad Bars

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. FRANZ ◽  
S. O. TROMP ◽  
H. RIJGERSBERG ◽  
H. J. van der FELS-KLERX
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk ◽  
The Public ◽  
E Coli

Fresh vegetables are increasingly recognized as a source of foodborne outbreaks in many parts of the world. The purpose of this study was to conduct a quantitative microbial risk assessment for Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes infection from consumption of leafy green vegetables in salad from salad bars in The Netherlands. Pathogen growth was modeled in Aladin (Agro Logistics Analysis and Design Instrument) using time-temperature profiles in the chilled supply chain and one particular restaurant with a salad bar. A second-order Monte Carlo risk assessment model was constructed (using @Risk) to estimate the public health effects. The temperature in the studied cold chain was well controlled below 5°C. Growth of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella was minimal (17 and 15%, respectively). Growth of L. monocytogenes was considerably greater (194%). Based on first-order Monte Carlo simulations, the average number of cases per year in The Netherlands associated the consumption leafy greens in salads from salad bars was 166, 187, and 0.3 for E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and L. monocytogenes, respectively. The ranges of the average number of annual cases as estimated by second-order Monte Carlo simulation (with prevalence and number of visitors as uncertain variables) were 42 to 551 for E. coli O157:H7, 81 to 281 for Salmonella, and 0.1 to 0.9 for L. monocytogenes. This study included an integration of modeling pathogen growth in the supply chain of fresh leafy vegetables destined for restaurant salad bars using software designed to model and design logistics and modeling the public health effects using probabilistic risk assessment software.

scholarly journals What Is the Appropriate Meropenem MIC for Screening of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Low-Prevalence Settings?

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 1556-1559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramzi Fattouh ◽  
Nathalie Tijet ◽  
Allison McGeer ◽  
Susan M. Poutanen ◽  
Roberto G. Melano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Screening Approaches

Infection with carbapenemase-producingEnterobacteriaceae(CPE) has been shown to cause significant illness among hospitalized patients. Given the paucity of treatment options, there is a critical need to stop the spread of CPE. However, screening for the presence of CPE in laboratory settings has been challenging. In order to assess the effectiveness of current CPE detection guidelines, we analyzed the meropenem MIC distribution for a large set of clinicalEnterobacteriaceaeisolates. A total of 1,022 isolates submitted to the Public Health Ontario Laboratories (PHOL) from January 2011 to March 2014 were examined. Only isolates displaying a meropenem or ertapenem MIC of ≥0.25 or ≥1 μg/ml, respectively, were included. Carbapenemase-positive isolates were identified by multiplex PCR. We identified 189 isolates positive for carbapenemases, which primarily comprised NDM, KPC, and OXA-48-like carbapenemases, and these isolates were largelyKlebsiellaspp.,Escherichia coli, andEnterobacterspp. Interestingly, 14 to 20% of these isolates displayed meropenem MICs within the susceptible range on the basis of CLSI and EUCAST breakpoint interpretive criteria. While the majority of meropenem-susceptible CPE isolates were observed to beE. coli, meropenem susceptibility was not exclusive to any one species/genus or carbapenemase type. Application of CLSI screening recommendations captured only 86% of carbapenemase-producing isolates, whereas application of EUCAST recommendations detected 98.4% of CPE isolates. In a region with a low carbapenemase prevalence, meropenem-based screening approaches require a cutoff MIC near the epidemiological wild-type threshold in order to achieve nearly optimal CPE identification.

Effect of Acid Resistance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Efficacy of Buffered Lactic Acid To Decontaminate Chilled Beef Tissue and Effect of Modified Atmosphere Packaging on Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Red Meat

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 1661-1666 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. UYTTENDAELE ◽  
E. JOZWIK ◽  
A. TUTENEL ◽  
L. DE ZUTTER ◽  
J. URADZINSKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Modified Atmosphere Packaging ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Modified Atmosphere ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
The Public ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Retail Cuts

The present study examined the effect of pH-independent acid resistance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on efficacy of buffered lactic acid to decontaminate chilled beef tissue. A varied level of acid resistance was observed among the 14 strains tested. Eight strains were categorized as acid resistant, four strains as acid sensitive, and two strains demonstrated acid-inducible acid resistance. The survival of an acid-resistant (II/45/4) and acid-sensitive (IX/8/16) E. coli O157:H7 strain on chilled beef tissue treated with 1 and 2% buffered lactic acid, sterile water, or no treatment (control) was followed. A gradual reduction of E. coli O157:H7 was noticed during the 10 days of storage at 4°C for each of the treatments. Decontamination with 1 and 2% buffered lactic acid did not appreciably affect the pathogen. Differences in the pH-independent acid resistance of the strains had no effect on the efficacy of decontamination. The effect of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on survival of E. coli O157:H7 in red meat was also studied. MAP (40% CO2/60% N2) or vacuum did not significantly influence survival of E. coli O157:H7 on inoculated sliced beef (retail cuts) meat compared to packing in air. The relative small outgrowth of lactic acid bacteria during storage under vacuum for 28 days did not affect survival of E. coli O157:H7. Neither lactic acid decontamination nor vacuum or MAP packaging could enhance reduction of E. coli O157:H7 on beef, thus underlining the need for preventive measures to control the public health risk of E. coli O157:H7.

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