MIDDLE MIOCENE THROUGH PRESENT FAULT HISTORY OF THE DELACROIX ISLAND FAULT SYSTEM

AbstractThe Doruneh Fault System is one of the major transcurrent faults in central Asia, extending ~900 km from western Afghanistan into West-Central Iran. The left-lateral Doruneh Fault System is also a key structure in the Arabia–Eurasia collisional zone, bounding the northern margin of the independent Central Iranian Microplate. The Doruneh Fault System exhibits a curved geometry, and is divided here into three segments: Eastern, Central and Western. We present the results of geological, structural and geomorphic studies into the nature of recent activity along the Doruneh Fault System segments. A surprising observation is that small, relatively young drainage systems often show recent systematic left-lateral displacement across the fault, whereas large rivers indicate a former more complex right-lateral history. Furthermore, the existence of right-lateral offsets of pre-Pliocene rocks and S-C fabrics confirm this earlier phase of right-lateral movement on the fault. We suggest that the early right-lateral kinematics resulted from an earlier NW–SE-directed regional shortening, associated with the anticlockwise rotation of the Central Iranian Microplate. The shortening is characterized by the NE–SW-striking en échelon folds within the fault slivers, the right-lateral Taknar imbricate fan and the superimposed folding exposed north of Kashmar. Thus, assuming an initiation age of Eocene (55.8 Ma) for the fault, we estimate a former right-lateral slip rate of about 5.2–5.5 mm yr−1, which accompanied the 35° anticlockwise rotation of the Central Iranian Microplate. According to our study, the youngest units exhibiting right-lateral displacement are Middle Miocene in age, suggesting a post-Middle Miocene timing for the onset of slip-sense inversion.

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Multilocus phylogeny and historical biogeography of Hypostomus shed light on the processes of fish diversification in La Plata Basin

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-83464-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yamila P. Cardoso ◽

Luiz Jardim de Queiroz ◽

Ilham A. Bahechar ◽

Paula E. Posadas ◽

Juan I. Montoya-Burgos

Keyword(s):

Middle Miocene ◽

Drainage Pattern ◽

Ecological Diversification ◽

La Plata ◽

La Plata Basin ◽

History Of ◽

Dispersal Corridors ◽

Shed Light ◽

Strong Barrier ◽

Multilocus Phylogeny

AbstractDistribution history of the widespread Neotropical genus Hypostomus was studied to shed light on the processes that shaped species diversity. We inferred a calibrated phylogeny, ancestral habitat preference, ancestral areas distribution, and the history of dispersal and vicariance events of this genus. The phylogenetic and distribution analyses indicate that Hypostomus species inhabiting La Plata Basin do not form a monophyletic clade, suggesting that several unrelated ancestral species colonized this basin in the Miocene. Dispersal to other rivers of La Plata Basin started about 8 Mya, followed by habitat shifts and an increased rate of cladogenesis. Amazonian Hypostomus species colonized La Plata Basin several times in the Middle Miocene, probably via the Upper Paraná and the Paraguay rivers that acted as dispersal corridors. During the Miocene, La Plata Basin experienced marine incursions, and geomorphological and climatic changes that reconfigured its drainage pattern, driving dispersal and diversification of Hypostomus. The Miocene marine incursion was a strong barrier and its retraction triggered Hypostomus dispersal, increased speciation rate and ecological diversification. The timing of hydrogeological changes in La Plata Basin coincides well with Hypostomus cladogenetic events, indicating that the history of this basin has acted on the diversification of its biota.

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The role of Central American barriers in shaping the evolutionary history of the northernmost glassfrog,Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni(Anura: Centrolenidae)

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.6115 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. e6115 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Angela M. Mendoza ◽

Wilmar Bolívar-García ◽

Ella Vázquez-Domínguez ◽

Roberto Ibáñez ◽

Gabriela Parra Olea

Keyword(s):

Genetic Structure ◽

Central America ◽

Population Expansion ◽

Central American ◽

Fault System ◽

Mountain Range ◽

Amphibian Species ◽

Biogeographic History ◽

History Of ◽

The Impact

The complex geological history of Central America has been useful for understanding the processes influencing the distribution and diversity of multiple groups of organisms. Anurans are an excellent choice for such studies because they typically exhibit site fidelity and reduced movement. The objective of this work was to identify the impact of recognized geographic barriers on the genetic structure, phylogeographic patterns and divergence times of a wide-ranging amphibian species,Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni. We amplified three mitochondrial regions, two coding (COI and ND1) and one ribosomal (16S), in samples collected from the coasts of Veracruz and Guerrero in Mexico to the humid forests of Chocó in Ecuador. We examined the biogeographic history of the species through spatial clustering analyses (Geneland and sPCA), Bayesian and maximum likelihood reconstructions, and spatiotemporal diffusion analysis. Our data suggest a Central American origin ofH. fleischmanniand two posterior independent dispersals towards North and South American regions. The first clade comprises individuals from Colombia, Ecuador, Panama and the sister speciesHyalinobatrachium tatayoi; this clade shows little structure, despite the presence of the Andes mountain range and the long distances between sampling sites. The second clade consists of individuals from Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and eastern Honduras with no apparent structure. The third clade includes individuals from western Honduras, Guatemala, and Mexico and displays deep population structure. Herein, we synthesize the impact of known geographic areas that act as barriers to glassfrog dispersal and demonstrated their effect of differentiatingH. fleischmanniinto three markedly isolated clades. The observed genetic structure is associated with an initial dispersal event from Central America followed by vicariance that likely occurred during the Pliocene. The southern samples are characterized by a very recent population expansion, likely related to sea-level and climatic oscillations during the Pleistocene, whereas the structure of the northern clade has probably been driven by dispersal through the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and isolation by the Motagua–Polochic–Jocotán fault system and the Mexican highlands.

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Structural history of hinge fault system of the Malay Basin

Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia ◽

10.7186/bgsm39199605 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

pp. 33-50

Author(s):

Kit Kong Liew ◽

Keyword(s):

Fault System ◽

Structural History ◽

History Of

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Structures megametriques et evolution de la mer Tyrrhenienne et des zones perityrrheniennes

BSGF - Earth Sciences Bulletin ◽

10.2113/gssgfbull.s7-iv.5.760 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol S7-IV (5) ◽

pp. 760-773 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Claude Grandjacquet

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Middle Miocene ◽

Southern Italy ◽

Western Mediterranean ◽

Tyrrhenian Sea ◽

African Continent ◽

Lower Eocene ◽

Structural History ◽

History Of

Abstract A large view of the evolution and structural history of the Tyrrhenian sea and bordering areas suggests that towards the end of the Permian distensions occurring in the western Mediterranean resulted in the opening of a passage to the Atlantic. Lower Eocene deformations along the Sicilian-Tunisian front were either due to local marginal disequilibrium or to the northern drift of the African continent. Oligocene emergence is evident in the Apennines and in Calabria through the existence of widespread hiatuses and by bauxitic and ferruginous beds. Large scale Oligocene movements brought the African continent to its maximum proximity with Europe. It was in the same period that the clay scaglia and flysch nappes began sliding in Tuscany although the movement of Calabrian nappes in southern Italy did not occur until the lower and middle Miocene.

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Displacement history of the Atacama fault system 25°00′S-27° 00′S, northern Chile

Geological Society of America Bulletin ◽

10.1130/0016-7606(1993)105<1165:dhotaf>2.3.co;2 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 105 (9) ◽

pp. 1165-1174 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

M. BROWN ◽

F. DIÁZ ◽

J. GROCOTT

Keyword(s):

Fault System ◽

Northern Chile ◽

History Of ◽

Atacama Fault System

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Isotopic ages of glaucophane schists on the Kodiak Islands, southern Alaska, and their implications for the Mesozoic tectonic history of the Border Ranges fault system

Geological Society of America Bulletin ◽

10.1130/0016-7606(1989)101<1021:iaogso>2.3.co;2 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 101 (8) ◽

pp. 1021-1037 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

SARAH M. ROESKE ◽

JAMES M. MATTINSON ◽

RICHARD LEE ARMSTRONG

Keyword(s):

Fault System ◽

Tectonic History ◽

History Of ◽

Kodiak Islands

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River profile response to normal fault growth and linkage: An example from the Hellenic forearc of south-central Crete, Greece

10.5194/esurf-2016-52 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sean F. Gallen ◽

Karl W. Wegmann

Keyword(s):

Drainage Basin ◽

Profile Analysis ◽

Normal Fault ◽

Drainage Area ◽

Fault System ◽

Stream Power ◽

River Incision ◽

South Central ◽

History Of ◽

Fault Growth

Abstract. Topography is a reflection of the tectonic and geodynamic processes that act to uplift the Earth's surface and the erosional processes that work to return it to base level. Numerous studies have shown that topography is a sensitive recorder or tectonic signals. A quasi-physical understanding of the relationship between river incision and rock uplift has made the analysis of fluvial topography a popular technique for deciphering relative, and some argue absolute, histories of rock uplift. Here we present results from a study of the fluvial topography from south-central Crete demonstrating that river longitudinal profiles indeed record the relative history of uplift, but several other processes make it difficult to recover quantitative uplift histories. Prior research demonstrates that the south-central coastline of Crete is bound by a large (~100 km long) E-W striking composite normal fault system. Marine terraces reveal that it is uplifting between 0.1–1.0 mm yr−1. These studies suggest that two normal fault systems, the offshore Ptolemy and onshore South-Central Crete faults linked together in the recent geologic past (Ca. 0.4–1 Myrs bp). Fault mechanics predicts that when adjacent faults link into a single fault the uplift rate in the linkage zone will increase rapidly. Using river profile analysis we show that rivers in south-central Crete record the relative uplift history of fault growth and linkage, as theory predicts that they should. Calibration of the commonly used stream power incision model shows that the slope exponent, n, is ~ 0.5, contrary to most studies that find n ≥ 1. Analysis of fluvial knickpoints shows that migration distances are not proportional to upstream contributing drainage area, as predicted by the stream power incision model. Maps of the transformed stream distance variable, χ, indicate that drainage basin instability, drainage divide migration and river capture events complicate river profile analysis in south-central Crete. Waterfalls are observed in southern Crete and appear to operate under less efficient and different incision mechanics than assumed by the stream power incision model. Drainage area exchange and waterfall formation are argued to obscure linkages between empirically derived metrics and quasi-physical descriptions of river incision, making is difficult to quantitatively interpret rock uplift histories from river profiles in this setting. Karst hydrology, break down of assumed drainage area-discharge scaling and chemical weathering might also contribute to the failure of the stream power incision model to adequately predict the behavior of the fluvial system in south-central Crete.

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