scholarly journals Thermal and structural modeling of the Scillato wedge-top basin source-to-sink system: Insights into the Sicilian fold-and-thrust belt evolution (Italy)

2019 ◽  
Vol 131 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1763-1782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Balestra ◽  
Sveva Corrado ◽  
Luca Aldega ◽  
Maurizio Gasparo Morticelli ◽  
Attilio Sulli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Range ◽  
Vitrinite Reflectance ◽  
Sediment Provenance ◽  
Hydrocarbon Generation ◽  
Thermal Maturity ◽  
Thrust Belt ◽  
Ordered Structures ◽  
Source To Sink ◽  
Fold And Thrust Belt ◽  
Basin Fill

Abstract Temperature-dependent clay mineral assemblages, vitrinite reflectance, and one-dimensional (1-D) thermal and three-dimensional (3-D) geological modeling of a Neogene wedge-top basin in the Sicilian fold-and-thrust belt and its pre-orogenic substratum allowed us to: (1) define the burial history of the sedimentary succession filling the wedge-top basin and its substratum, (2) reconstruct the wedge-top basin geometry, depocenter migration, and sediment provenance through time in the framework of a source-to-sink system, and (3) shed new light into the kinematic evolution of the Apennine-Maghrebian fold-and-thrust belt. The pre-orogenic substratum of the Scillato basin shows an increase in levels of thermal maturity as a function of stratigraphic age that is consistent with maximum burial to 3.5 km in deep diagenetic conditions. In detail, Ro% values range from 0.40% to 0.94%, and random ordered illite-smectite (I-S) first converts to short-range ordered structures and then evolves to long-range ordered structures at the base of the Imerese unit. The wedge-top basin fill experienced shallow burial (∼2 km) and levels of thermal maturity in the immature stage of hydrocarbon generation and early diagenesis. Vitrinite reflectance and mixed-layer I-S values show two populations of authigenic and inherited phases. The indigenous population corresponds to macerals with Ro% values of 0.33%–0.45% and I-S with no preferred sequence in stacking of layers, whereas the reworked group corresponds to macerals with Ro% values of 0.42%–0.47% and short-range ordered I-S with no correlation as a function of depth. Authigenic and reworked components of the Scillato basin fill allowed us to unravel sediment provenance during the Neogene, identifying two main source areas feeding the wedge-top basin (crystalline units of the European domain and sedimentary units of the African domain), and to detect an early phase of exhumation driven by low-angle extensional faults that predated Neogene compression.

Competing sediment sources during Paleozoic closure of the Marathon-Ouachita remnant ocean basin

2019 ◽  
Vol 132 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 3-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zihui Gao ◽  
Nicholas D. Perez ◽  
Brent Miller ◽  
Michael C. Pope
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Basin ◽  
Sediment Provenance ◽  
Thrust Belt ◽  
Sediment Sources ◽  
Volcanic Arc ◽  
Delaware Basin ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Sediment Routing ◽  
West Texas ◽  
Fold And Thrust Belt

Abstract The Paleozoic construction of Pangea advanced southwestward from the Appalachian system to the Marathon fold-and-thrust belt in west Texas and progressively closed a remnant ocean basin between Laurentia and Gondwana. The resulting collisional orogen was a potential driver of Ancestral Rocky Mountain tectonism and impacted continental-scale sediment routing. New detrital zircon U-Pb geochronologic and heavy mineral provenance data from Ordovician–Pennsylvanian strata in the Marathon fold-and-thrust belt, and Permian strata in the Guadalupe Mountains of west Texas record changes in sediment provenance during the tectonic development of southwestern Laurentia and the Delaware Basin. In the Marathon fold-and-thrust belt, Ordovician rocks (Woods Hollow and Marathon Formations) record peri-Gondwanan sediment sources prior to continent collision. Syncollisional Mississippian and Pennsylvanian rocks (Tesnus, Haymond, Gaptank Formations) record contributions from distal Appalachian sources, recycled material from the active continental suture, and volcanic arc material from Gondwana. Near the Guadalupe Mountains, postcollisional Permian strata (Delaware Mountain Group) from the northern Delaware Basin margin suggest a dominantly southern catchment that was sourced from the deforming suture and Gondwanan arc. The results demonstrate that both plates and the active suture zone were sources for the siliciclastic wedge, but their proportions differed through time. These results also suggest that the delay between initial late Mississippian suturing in the Marathon region and increased mid-Permian siliciclastic deposition into the northern Delaware Basin may have been linked to a southward catchment expansion that integrated the collisional belt and southern volcanic arc into a broadly north-directed sediment dispersal system.

scholarly journals Burial history, thermal history and hydrocarbon generation modelling of the Jurassic source rocks in the basement of the Polish Carpathian Foredeep and Outer Carpathians (SE Poland)

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Kosakowski ◽  
Magdalena Wróbel
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Thermal History ◽  
Vitrinite Reflectance ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Hydrocarbon Generation ◽  
Thermal Maturity ◽  
Burial History ◽  
Se Poland ◽  
Carpathian Foredeep ◽  
Outer Carpathians

Burial history, thermal history and hydrocarbon generation modelling of the Jurassic source rocks in the basement of the Polish Carpathian Foredeep and Outer Carpathians (SE Poland)Burial history, thermal maturity, and timing of hydrocarbon generation were modelled for the Jurassic source rocks in the basement of the Carpathian Foredeep and marginal part of the Outer Carpathians. The area of investigation was bounded to the west by Kraków, to the east by Rzeszów. The modelling was carried out in profiles of wells: Będzienica 2, Dębica 10K, Góra Ropczycka 1K, Goleszów 5, Nawsie 1, Pławowice E1 and Pilzno 40. The organic matter, containing gas-prone Type III kerogen with an admixture of Type II kerogen, is immature or at most, early mature to 0.7 % in the vitrinite reflectance scale. The highest thermal maturity is recorded in the south-eastern part of the study area, where the Jurassic strata are buried deeper. The thermal modelling showed that the obtained organic matter maturity in the initial phase of the "oil window" is connected with the stage of the Carpathian overthrusting. The numerical modelling indicated that the onset of hydrocarbon generation from the Middle Jurassic source rocks was also connected with the Carpathian thrust belt. The peak of hydrocarbon generation took place in the orogenic stage of the overthrusting. The amount of generated hydrocarbons is generally small, which is a consequence of the low maturity and low transformation degree of kerogen. The generated hydrocarbons were not expelled from their source rock. An analysis of maturity distribution and transformation degree of the Jurassic organic matter shows that the best conditions for hydrocarbon generation occurred most probably in areas deeply buried under the Outer Carpathians. It is most probable that the "generation kitchen" should be searched for there.

scholarly journals Geochemistry and petrology of selected sediments from Bukit Song, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia, with emphasis on organic matter characterization

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 3663-3688
Author(s):  
Amin Tavakoli
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Vitrinite Reflectance ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Hydrocarbon Generation ◽  
Thermal Maturity ◽  
Petroleum Potential ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Two Samples

AbstractThe aim of this study is to provide a better understanding of the type of source input, quality, quantity, the condition of depositional environment and thermal maturity of the organic matter from Bukit Song, Sarawak, which has not been extensively studied for hydrocarbon generation potential. Petrological and geochemical analyses were performed on 13 outcrop samples of the study location. Two samples, having type III and mixed kerogen, showed very-good-to-excellent petroleum potential based on bitumen extraction and data from Rock–Eval analysis. The rest of the samples are inert—kerogen type IV. In terms of thermal maturity based on vitrinite reflectance, the results of this paper are akin to previous studies done in the nearby region reported as either immature or early mature. Ph/n-C18 versus Pr/n-C17 data showed that the major concentration of samples is within peat coal environment, whilst two samples were associated with anoxic marine depositional environment, confirmed by maceral content as well. Macerals mainly indicated terrestrial precursors and, overall, a dominance of vitrinite. Quality of the source rock based on TOC parameter indicated above 2 wt. % content for the majority of samples. However, consideration of TOC and S2 together showed only two samples to have better source rocks. Existence of cutinite, sporinite and greenish fluorescing resinite macerals corroborated with the immaturity of the analysed coaly samples. Varying degrees of the bitumen staining existed in a few samples. Kaolinite and illite were the major clays based on XRD analysis, which potentially indicate low porosity. This study revealed that hydrocarbon-generating potential of Bukit Song in Sarawak is low.

Thermal maturity of a fold–thrust belt based on vitrinite reflectance analysis in the Western Foothills complex, western Taiwan

2007 ◽  
Vol 443 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 220-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arito Sakaguchi ◽  
Akiko Yanagihara ◽  
Kohtaro Ujiie ◽  
Hidemi Tanaka ◽  
Masanori Kameyama
Keyword(s):  
Vitrinite Reflectance ◽  
Thermal Maturity ◽  
Thrust Belt ◽  
Reflectance Analysis

scholarly journals The provenance signal of climate–tectonic interactions in the evolving St. Elias orogen: framework component analysis and pyroxene and epidote single grain geochemistry of sediments from IODP 341 sites U1417 and U1418

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Huber ◽  
Heinrich Bahlburg
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Alaska ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Thrust Belt ◽  
Rock Fragments ◽  
Source To Sink ◽  
Fold And Thrust Belt ◽  
Proximal Site ◽  
Near Shore ◽  
Single Grain ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe St. Elias orogen and the Surveyor Fan in the adjacent Gulf of Alaska are a coupled source to sink system recording the interplay of tectonics and variable degrees of glaciation during the collision of the Yakutat terrane with the southern Alaska margin since the Miocene. The Miocene to Holocene sediments of the Surveyor Fan were drilled during IODP expedition 341. The recovered material is used to constrain information on changes in erosion centers during the last 10 Ma to study the impact of climatic and tectonic processes on orogen evolution. Point counting of sand- and silt-sized light framework components and geochemical single grain analysis of heavy mineral groups epidote and pyroxene is applied to analyze patterns of sedimentary provenance of two sites on the distal and proximal Surveyor Fan (Site U1417 and U1418, respectively). The studied sands and silts of Miocene to Pleistocene age are slightly enriched in feldspar (plag >> kf) at the proximal site, compositions at both sites do not show systematical changes with time of deposition. Framework component spectra uniformly reflect the expected active margin provenance. Epidote and pyroxene compositions are very consistent and show no change with time of deposition. Associations of epidote and pyroxene with albite, titanite and pumpellyite are in line with near-shore sources in the Chugach Metamorphic Complex and the metabasite belt at its southern border, and in units of recycled detritus exposed in the fold and thrust belt on the western Yakutat Terrane, respectively. Rock fragments indicate input from mainly metamorphic sources during the Miocene and Pliocene and an increase of input from low-grade metamorphic and sedimentary rocks in the Pleistocene, a finding also indicated by the abundance of epidote and pyroxene. This implies increasing erosion of the near-shore areas of the fold and thrust belt with advance of glaciers to the shore since the Miocene, being enhanced by the onset of the Northern Hemisphere glaciation at the beginning of the Pleistocene. Climate changes connected to the mid-Pleistocene transition did not result in appreciable changes in the petrographic compositions. Glaciers seem to have remained nested in their topographically predefined positions, continuously feeding material with uniform characteristics into the fan.

Palaeomagnetic, rock-magnetic and mineralogical investigations of the Lower Triassic Vardebukta Formation from the southern part of the West Spitsbergen Fold and Thrust Belt

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (4) ◽  
pp. 620-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATARZYNA DUDZISZ ◽  
KRZYSZTOF MICHALSKI ◽  
RAFAŁ SZANIAWSKI ◽  
KRZYSZTOF NEJBERT ◽  
GEOFFREY MANBY
Keyword(s):  
Remanent Magnetization ◽  
Vitrinite Reflectance ◽  
Lower Triassic ◽  
Natural Remanent Magnetization ◽  
The Other ◽  
Thrust Belt ◽  
The West ◽  
Fold And Thrust Belt ◽  
Oriented Samples ◽  
West Spitsbergen

AbstractMagnetic, petrological and mineralogical data from 13 sites (99 independently oriented samples) of the Lower Triassic rocks located in the SW segment of the West Spitsbergen Fold and Thrust Belt (WSFTB) are presented in order to identify the ferrimagnetic carriers and establish the origin of the natural remanent magnetization (NRM). Volcanic lithoclasts and other detrital resistive grains in which the primary magnetization might endure are present in some samples. On the other hand, petrological studies indicate that sulphide remineralization could have had an important influence on the remagnetization of these rocks. The dominant ferrimagnetic carriers are titanomagnetite and magnetite. While the titanomagnetite may preserve the primary magnetization, the magnetite is a more likely potential carrier of secondary overprints. The complex NRM patterns found in most of the samples may be explained by the coexistence and partial overlapping of components representing different stages of magnetization. Components of both polarities were identified in the investigated material. The reversal test performed on the most stable components that demagnetized above 300°C proved to be negative at the 95% confidence level at any stage of unfolding. They are better grouped, however, after 100% tectonic corrections and the most stable components are clustered in high inclinations (c. 70–80°). This suggests that at least part of the measured palaeomagnetic vectors represent a secondary prefolding magnetic overprint that originated in post-Jurassic time before the WSFTB event. Vitrinite reflectance studies show these rocks have not been subjected to any strong heating (<200°C).

Thermal maturity of the axial zone of the southern Apennines fold-and-thrust belt (Italy) from multiple organic and inorganic indicators

Terra Nova ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Corrado ◽  
L. Aldega ◽  
P. Di Leo ◽  
C. Giampaolo ◽  
C. Invernizzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Maturity ◽  
Thrust Belt ◽  
Southern Apennines ◽  
Axial Zone ◽  
Fold And Thrust Belt

scholarly journals Geochemical Evaluation of the Cretaceous Mudrocks and Sandstones (Wackes) in the Southern Bredasdorp Basin, Offshore South Africa: Implications for Hydrocarbon Potential

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 595
Author(s):  
Temitope Love Baiyegunhi ◽  
Kuiwu Liu ◽  
Oswald Gwavava ◽  
Nicola Wagner ◽  
Christopher Baiyegunhi
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Vitrinite Reflectance ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Minor Amount ◽  
Hydrocarbon Potential ◽  
Hydrocarbon Generation ◽  
Thermal Maturity ◽  
The Mean

The southern Bredasdorp Basin, off the south coast of South Africa, is only partly understood in terms of its hydrocarbon potential when compared to the central and northern parts of the basin. Hydrocarbon potential assessments in this part of the basin have been limited, perhaps because the few drilled exploration wells were unproductive for hydrocarbons, yielding trivial oil and gas. The partial integration of data in the southern Bredasdorp Basin provides another reason for the unsuccessful oil and gas exploration. In this study, selected Cretaceous mudrocks and sandstones (wacke) from exploration wells E-AH1, E-AJ1, E-BA1, E-BB1 and E-D3 drilled in the southern part of the Bredasdorp Basin were examined to assess their total organic carbon (TOC), thermal maturity, organic matter type and hydrocarbon generation potential. The organic geochemical results show that these rocks have TOC contents ranging from 0.14 to 7.03 wt.%. The hydrogen index (HI), oxygen index (OI), and hydrocarbon index (S2/S3) values vary between 24–263 mg HC/g TOC, 4–78 mg CO2/g TOC, and 0.01–18 mgHC/mgCO2 TOC, respectively, indicating predominantly Type III and IV kerogen with a minor amount of mixed Type II/III kerogen. The mean vitrinite reflectance values vary from 0.60–1.20%, indicating that the samples are in the oil-generation window. The Tmax and PI values are consistent with the mean vitrinite reflectance values, indicating that the Bredasdorp source rocks have entered the oil window and are considered as effective source rocks in the Bredasdorp Basin. The hydrocarbon genetic potential (SP), normalized oil content (NOC) and production index (PI) values all indicate poor to fair hydrocarbon generative potential. Based on the geochemical data, it can be inferred that most of the mudrocks and sandstones (wackes) in the southern part of the Bredasdorp Basin have attained sufficient burial depth and thermal maturity for oil and gas generation potential.

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