Suspended-Matter Distribution Near the Western Coast of Crimea under the Impact of Strong Winds of Various Directions

The regularities of the suspended matter distribution in the system of wind currents from the area of bottom elevation along the Omega Bay are revealed. Observational data show that in the region of bottom elevation there is a topographic quasi-stationary eddy cell accumulating pollutants. Based on numerical modeling, it is revealed that the meridional winds of all directions contribute to the transfer of the suspended matter from the area of elevation to the western coast of the bay to the beach area, to a small coastal area with a characteristic bend of the coastline. The most significant suspended matter flows are generated by northeasterly and southeasterly winds. With a westerly wind, the main flow of suspended matter is directed to the eastern coast of the bay. The weak easterly winds, typical for Sevastopol, do not cause the removal of suspended matter from the central area of the investigated bay.

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Distribution of suspended matter off the western coast of the crimea under impact of the strong winds of various directions

Исследования Земли из космоса ◽

10.31857/s0205-96142019274-88 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 74-88

Author(s):

A. A. Aleskerovа ◽

A. A. Kubryakov ◽

Yu. N. Goryachkin ◽

S. V. Stanichny ◽

A. V. Garmashov

Keyword(s):

Bottom Sediments ◽

West Coast ◽

Suspended Matter ◽

Cold Water ◽

Western Coast ◽

Wave Impact ◽

The West ◽

The North ◽

The Crimea ◽

Strong Winds

The mechanisms of formation and distribution of total suspended matter (tsm) off the West Coast of Crimea under the influence of strong winds of various directions were investigated on the base of satellite data of medium and high resolution. The maximum tsm reaching the values of 200 mg / l was is observed during strong southern winds. In this case, the zone of high tsm is located at the western shelf of the Crimea limited by a 50 m isobath. The wave impact on resuspension of bottom sediments and the erosion of clay cliffs located on the west coast of Crimea lead to the formation of a large amount of tsm. After the storm, a northern alongshore current transfers tsm to the north. During northeast winds, the highest tsm are observed not near the coast, but in the seaward part of the shelf between 30 and 50 m isobaths. It is likely that turbulent mixing during such winds resuspense bottom sediments in shallow areas, which are further transported from the coast due to the offshore winds. The wind surge in this case leads to the formation of a band of clean cold water near the coast. A specific feature of the action of the northern and northwestern storms is the formation of a longshore jet stream along the western coast. The current occurs at the front of the upwelling zone. The stream transports the suspended matter offshore southward. The concentration of the suspended matter in this case is also much lower than when exposed to the southern winds, but it can reach a value of 3 mg/l.

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Numerical modelling of sediment transport in the Adriatic Sea

Ocean Science Discussions ◽

10.5194/osd-11-1391-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 1391-1433 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Guarnieri ◽

A. J. Souza ◽

N. Pinardi ◽

P. Traykovski

Keyword(s):

Sediment Transport ◽

Adriatic Sea ◽

Transport Model ◽

Data Availability ◽

Western Coast ◽

Po River ◽

Northern Adriatic ◽

Coastal Belt ◽

Italian Coasts ◽

The Impact

Abstract. A new sediment transport model, considering currents, tides and waves is presented for the Adriatic Sea basin. The simulations concentrate on the winter of 2002–2003 because of field data availability and interesting intermittent processes occurrence. A process oriented analysis is performed to investigate the impact that Sirocco and Bora wind regimes have on sediment transport. The comparisons of the simulations with the observed data show that the model is capable to capture the main dynamics of sediment transport along the Italian coasts and the sediment concentration within the water column. This latter can reach values up to several g L−1, especially within the first centimetres above the bottom. The sediments are transported mainly southwards along the Italian coasts, consistently with the known literature results, except during Sirocco wind events, which can be responsible for reversing the coastal circulation in the northern area of the basin, and consequently the sediment transport. The resuspension of sediments is also related to the specific wave regimes induced by Bora and Sirocco, the former inducing resuspension events near the coasts while the latter causing a more diffused resuspension regime in the Northern Adriatic basin. Beside the realistic representation of short timescales resuspension/deposition events due to storms, the model was also used to investigate persistent erosion or deposition areas in the Adriatic Sea. Two main depocenters were identified: one, very pronounced, in the surroundings of the Po river delta, and another one a few kilometres off the coast in front of the Ancona promontory. A third region of accumulation, even if less intense, was found to be offshore the southernmost limit of the Gargano region. On the contrary the whole western coast within a distance of a few kilometres from the shore was found to be subject to prevailing erosion. The comparison with observed accumulation and erosion data shows that the model captures well the main depocenters in the domain and the erosion within the very coastal belt of the western side of the basin, but seems to be too erosive in a few areas, in particular those where the contribution of sediment inflow to the sea of some minor but intermittently important rivers is not considered in a realistic way as input to the model.

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THE INFLUENCE OF NATURAL HAZARDS ON SOIL DEGRADATION AND AGRO-INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITY IN THE CRIMEA

Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin ◽

10.19047/0136-1694-2015-77-94-106 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 94-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V. S. Pashtetsky ◽

K. G. Zhenchenko ◽

A. V. Prikhodko

Keyword(s):

Growth And Yield ◽

Soil Protection ◽

Natural Phenomena ◽

Ecological Significance ◽

The Status ◽

The Crimea ◽

Strong Winds ◽

The Republic ◽

The Impact

The information of the impact of adverse natural phenomena related with the high temperature regime, deficit of precipitation and strong winds on the soil erosion, growth and yield of the crop. The status of shelterbelt, their ecological significance and the role of melioration and soil protection tillage systems in the Republic of Crimea are discussed.

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Vulnerability of coastal areas to increased aquifer saturation due to climate change

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-14870 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alexandre Gauvain ◽

Ronan Abhervé ◽

Jean-Raynald de Dreuzy ◽

Luc Aquilina ◽

Frédéric Gresselin

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Sea Level ◽

Large Scale ◽

Regional Scale ◽

Drainage System ◽

Hydrological Regime ◽

Coastal Areas ◽

Western Coast ◽

Study Sites ◽

The Impact

Like in other relatively flat coastal areas, flooding by aquifer overflow is a recurring problem on the western coast of Normandy (France). Threats are expected to be enhanced by the rise of the sea level and to have critical consequences on the future development and management of the territory. The delineation of the increased saturation areas is a required step to assess the impact of climate change locally. Preliminary models showed that vulnerability does not result only from the sea side but also from the continental side through the modifications of the hydrological regime.We investigate the processes controlling these coastal flooding phenomena by using hydrogeological models calibrated at large scale with an innovative method reproducing the hydrographic network. Reference study sites selected for their proven sensitivity to flooding have been used to validate the methodology and determine the influence of the different geomorphological configurations frequently encountered along the coastal line.Hydrogeological models show that the rise of the sea level induces an irregular increase in coastal aquifer saturations extending up to several kilometers inland. Back-littoral channels traditionally used as a large-scale drainage system against high tides limits the propagation of aquifer saturation upstream, provided that channels are not dominantly under maritime influence. High seepage fed by increased recharge occurring in climatic extremes may extend the vulnerable areas and further limit the effectiveness of the drainage system. Local configurations are investigated to categorize the influence of the local geological and geomorphological structures and upscale it at the regional scale.

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Urbanization and Carpobrotus edulis invasion alter the diversity and composition of soil bacterial communities in coastal areas

FEMS Microbiology Ecology ◽

10.1093/femsec/fiaa106 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 96 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Ana Novoa ◽

Jan-Hendrik Keet ◽

Yaiza Lechuga-Lago ◽

Petr Pyšek ◽

Johannes J Le Roux

Keyword(s):

Community Composition ◽

Bacterial Communities ◽

Soil Bacteria ◽

Coastal Dunes ◽

Coastal Dune ◽

Western Coast ◽

Carpobrotus Edulis ◽

Soil Bacterial Communities ◽

Soil Bacterial ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACT Coastal dunes are ecosystems of high conservation value that are strongly impacted by human disturbances and biological invasions in many parts of the world. Here, we assessed how urbanization and Carpobrotus edulis invasion affect soil bacterial communities on the north-western coast of Spain, by comparing the diversity, structure and composition of soil bacterial communities in invaded and uninvaded soils from urban and natural coastal dune areas. Our results suggest that coastal dune bacterial communities contain large numbers of rare taxa, mainly belonging to the phyla Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. We found that the presence of the invasive C. edulis increased the diversity of soil bacteria and changed community composition, while urbanization only influenced bacterial community composition. Furthermore, the effects of invasion on community composition were conditional on urbanization. These results were contrary to predictions, as both C. edulis invasion and urbanization have been shown to affect soil abiotic conditions of the studied coastal dunes in a similar manner, and therefore were expected to have similar effects on soil bacterial communities. Our results suggest that other factors (e.g. pollution) might be influencing the impact of urbanization on soil bacterial communities, preventing an increase in the diversity of soil bacteria in urban areas.

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Suspended Matter Distribution in the Surface Layer of the East Equatorial Atlantic

Oceanology ◽

10.1134/s000143702001004x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 228-235

Author(s):

E. S. Bubnova ◽

M. V. Kapustina ◽

V. A. Krechik ◽

V. V. Sivkov

Keyword(s):

Surface Layer ◽

Suspended Matter ◽

Equatorial Atlantic ◽

Matter Distribution

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Blowing snow in coastal Adélie Land, Antarctica: three atmospheric-moisture issues

The Cryosphere ◽

10.5194/tc-8-1905-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 1905-1919 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

H. Barral ◽

C. Genthon ◽

A. Trouvilliez ◽

C. Brun ◽

C. Amory

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Snow Accumulation ◽

Blowing Snow ◽

Atmospheric Moisture ◽

Atmospheric Models ◽

Moisture Fluxes ◽

Measurement Uncertainties ◽

Strong Winds ◽

The Impact ◽

Atmospheric Moisture Content

Abstract. A total of 3 years of blowing-snow observations and associated meteorology along a 7 m mast at site D17 in coastal Adélie Land are presented. The observations are used to address three atmospheric-moisture issues related to the occurrence of blowing snow, a feature which largely affects many regions of Antarctica: (1) blowing-snow sublimation raises the moisture content of the surface atmosphere close to saturation, and atmospheric models and meteorological analyses that do not carry blowing-snow parameterizations are affected by a systematic dry bias; (2) while snowpack modelling with a parameterization of surface-snow erosion by wind can reproduce the variability of snow accumulation and ablation, ignoring the high levels of atmospheric-moisture content associated with blowing snow results in overestimating surface sublimation, affecting the energy budget of the snowpack; (3) the well-known profile method of calculating turbulent moisture fluxes is not applicable when blowing snow occurs, because moisture gradients are weak due to blowing-snow sublimation, and the impact of measurement uncertainties are strongly amplified in the case of strong winds.

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On the Diurnal Cycle of GPS-Derived Precipitable Water Vapor over Sumatra

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences ◽

10.1175/jas-d-19-0094.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 76 (11) ◽

pp. 3529-3552

Author(s):

Giuseppe Torri ◽

David K. Adams ◽

Huiqun Wang ◽

Zhiming Kuang

Keyword(s):

Water Vapor ◽

Diurnal Cycle ◽

Wrf Model ◽

Precipitable Water ◽

Active Phase ◽

Precipitable Water Vapor ◽

Tectonic Activity ◽

Western Coast ◽

The Impact ◽

Spectrometer Data

Abstract Convective processes in the atmosphere over the Maritime Continent and their diurnal cycles have important repercussions for the circulations in the tropics and beyond. In this work, we present a new dataset of precipitable water vapor (PWV) obtained from the Sumatran GPS Array (SuGAr), a dense network of GPS stations principally for examining seismic and tectonic activity along the western coast of Sumatra and several offshore islands. The data provide an opportunity to examine the characteristics of convection over the area in greater detail than before. In particular, our results show that the diurnal cycle of PWV on Sumatra has a single late afternoon peak, while that offshore has both a midday and a nocturnal peak. The SuGAr data are in good agreement with GPS radio occultation data from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) mission, as well as with imaging spectrometer data from the Ozone Measuring Instrument (OMI). A comparison between SuGAr and the NASA Water Vapor Project (NVAP), however, shows significant differences, most likely due to discrepancies in the temporal and spatial resolutions. To further understand the diurnal cycle contained in the SuGAr data, we explore the impact of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) on the diurnal cycle with the aid of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. Results show that the daily mean and the amplitude of the diurnal cycle appear smaller during the suppressed phase relative to the developing/active MJO phase. Furthermore, the evening/nighttime peaks of PWV offshore appear later during the suppressed phase of the MJO compared to the active phase.

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Numerical Study of Basalt Fibre Cloth Strengthened Structural Insulated Panel under Windborne Debris Impact

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.846.446 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 846 ◽

pp. 446-451 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Qing Fei Meng ◽

Hong Hao ◽

Wen Su Chen

Keyword(s):

Numerical Model ◽

Structural Damage ◽

Numerical Study ◽

Building Envelope ◽

Basalt Fibre ◽

Structural Wall ◽

Windborne Debris ◽

Strong Winds ◽

The Impact ◽

Debris Impact

Strong winds happen around the world every year and cause enormous damages and losses. Besides large wind pressure, impact from windborne debris on building envelope is a major source of structural damage in strong winds. The debris lifted and carried by wind impacting on building envelop may create openings on building envelope which increase internal pressure of the building, and lead to roof lifting and even total building collapse. Preventing impact damage to structural wall and roof is therefore critical in extreme wind conditions. On the other hand Structural Insulated Panel (SIP) with Oriented Strand Board (OSB) skins is popularly used in the building industry. Previous studies revealed that such SIP panels had weak impact resistant capacity and do not meet the design requirements to resist windborne debris impact specified in Australian Standard (AS/NZS1170.2:2011) for their applications in cyclonic regions. To increase the capacity of such SIP panels against windborne debris impact, basalt fibre cloth was used to strengthen the panel. Laboratory tests found that SIP strengthened with basalt fibre cloth was effective in increasing its impact-resistant capacity. This paper presents the development of a reliable numerical model to predict the impact responses of basalt fibre cloth strengthened SIP panel in LS-DYNA. The accuracy of the numerical model is verified by comparing the numerical and experimental results. The validated numerical model provides a reliable tool to predict basalt fibre cloth strengthened SIPs.

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