Phenotypic variability of eye-spots in natural populations of Coenonympha pamphilus L. (Lepidoptera, Satyridae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (9) ◽  
pp. 1064-1074
Author(s):  
E. Yu. Zakharova
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Coenonympha Pamphilus

scholarly journals Effects of insemination and blood-feeding on locomotor activity of wild-derived females of the malaria mosquito Anopheles coluzzii

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amadou S. Traoré ◽  
Angélique Porciani ◽  
Nicolas Moiroux ◽  
Roch K. Dabiré ◽  
Frédéric Simard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Anopheles Coluzzii ◽  
Biological Clocks ◽  
Residual Transmission ◽  
Sustained Activity ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Circadian Control

Abstract Background Behavioural shifts in the canonical location and timing of biting have been reported in natural populations of anopheline malaria vectors following the implementation of insecticide-based indoor vector control interventions. These modifications increase the likelihood of human-vector contact and allow mosquitoes to avoid insecticides, both conditions being favourable to residual transmission of the malarial parasites. The biting behaviour of mosquitoes follows rhythms that are under the control of biological clocks and environmental conditions, modulated by physiological states. In this work we explore modifications of spontaneous locomotor activity expressed by mosquitoes in different physiological states to highlight phenotypic variability associated to circadian control that may contribute to explain residual transmission in the field. Methods The F10 generation progeny of field-collected Anopheles coluzzii from southwestern Burkina Faso was tested using an automated recording apparatus (Locomotor Activity Monitor, TriKinetics Inc.) under LD 12:12 or DD light regimens in laboratory-controlled conditions. Activity recordings of each test were carried out for a week with 6-day-old females belonging to four experimental treatments, representing factorial combinations of two physiological variables: insemination status (virgin vs inseminated) and gonotrophic status (glucose fed vs blood fed). Chronobiological features of rhythmicity in locomotor activity were explored using periodograms, diversity indices, and generalized linear mixed modelling. Results The average strength of activity, onset of activity, and acrophase were modulated by both nutritional and insemination status as well as by the light regimen. Inseminated females showed a significant excess of arrhythmic activity under DD. When rhythmicity was observed in DD, females displayed sustained activity also during the subjective day. Conclusions Insemination and gonotrophic status influence the underlying light and circadian control of chronobiological features of locomotor activity. Overrepresentation of arrhythmic chronotypes as well as the sustained activity of inseminated females during the subjective day under DD conditions suggests potential activity of natural populations of A. coluzzii during daytime under dim conditions, with implications for residual transmission of malarial parasites. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Statistical genetics of an annual plant, Impatiens capensis. I. Genetic basis of quantitative variation.

Genetics ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Mitchell-Olds ◽  
J Bergelson
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Human Genetics ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Impatiens Capensis ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Explicit Consideration ◽  
Biological Interpretation ◽  
Jackknife Procedure ◽  
Or Genes

Abstract Analysis of quantitative genetics in natural populations has been hindered by computational and methodological problems in statistical analysis. We developed and validated a jackknife procedure to test for existence of broad sense heritabilities and dominance or maternal effects influencing quantitative characters in Impatiens capensis. Early life cycle characters showed evidence of dominance and/or maternal effects, while later characters exhibited predominantly environmental variation. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that these jackknife tests of variance components are extremely robust to heterogeneous error variances. Statistical methods from human genetics provide evidence for either a major locus influencing germination date, or genes that affect phenotypic variability per se. We urge explicit consideration of statistical behavior of estimation and testing procedures for proper biological interpretation of statistical results.

Quantitative genetics of body size and development time in the parasitoid wasp Aphidius ervi (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae)

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1102-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sequeira ◽  
M. Mackauer
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Host Size ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Aphidius Ervi ◽  
Aphid Parasitoids

Body size and development time are key components of life-history strategies and fitness in parasitoid wasps. To assess the relative importance of phenotypic variability for fitness, we determined the heritabilities and reaction norms of body size (= dry mass) and development time in Aphidius ervi, a solitary parasitoid of the pea aphid. We estimated the variance components for body size from an ANOVA model for haplodiploidy, using a half-sib design, with each of 18 sires mated to 2 or 3 dams. Phenotypic expression of body size was strongly influenced by host size (= instar) at the time of parasitization. Heritability for body size in female A. ervi, averaged over sire and dam components, was 0.38. Although the heritability for development time could not be estimated precisely, a larger dam than sire component suggests that development time has lower heritability than body size. Differences between the heritability estimates for body size in males and females indicate that the mode of inheritance and phenotypic expression may be asymmetrical. These results suggest that, in a stochastic environment, aphid parasitoids experience strong selection for rapid development; however, host-size effects are likely to mask differences in genetically determined body size. Genotype–environment interactions may play an important role in maintaining genetic variability in body size in natural populations of A. ervi.

Growth Rate and Survival in Pure Population Matings and Crosses of the Oyster Crassostrea virginica

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 948-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre L. Mallet ◽  
L. E. Haley
Keyword(s):  
Shell Length ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Genetic Enhancement ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Growth Characters

Phenotypic differences were observed among pure population matings and crosses grown in two natural environments for the following characters: larval shell length, juvenile and adult shell length, weight, and survival at different times. For growth characters, the phenotypic variability between locations was greater than the variability among genetic groups within locations; however, the magnitude of the differences depended on the locality. The crosses exhibited higher survival than pure population matings, and locality had no effect on survival. In growth and survival, some crosses deviated positively from the mean of the parental populations. This may be a manifestation of heterosis. The genetic enhancement of commercially important characters in shellfish will eventually require the formation of a closed breeding unit with a broad genetic base for domestication and selection. It is recommended that an evaluation of natural populations as outlined in this study is a necessary prerequisite to achieve this objective.

scholarly journals Structure of the phenotypic variability of fruit and seed traits in natural populations of Eugenia dysenterica dc. (Myrtaceae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Ribeiro Diniz Boaventura Novaes ◽  
Elias Emanuel Silva Mota ◽  
Evandro Novaes ◽  
Mariana Pires de Campos Telles ◽  
Lázaro José Chaves
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Seed Traits ◽  
Hierarchical Analysis ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Natural Area ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
Eugenia Dysenterica

Abstract Eugenia dysenterica DC. (cagaita tree) is a fruit tree native to the Brazilian Cerrado. It is a promising species for cultivation, but little basic information exists on the phenotypic diversity and quantitative variation of its fruits and seeds at a population scale. Thus, the present study proposes to estimate the phenotypic parameters of the species’ fruits and seeds based on the variability among mother plants and among subpopulations, thereby aiming to increase knowledge for breeding and conservation of the species. For this, 25 natural subpopulations (local populations) were sampled in five Brazilian states. Within each subpopulation, 20 fruits were collected from each of six sampled mother plants. Data for biomass, transverse and longitudinal lengths of the fruits and seeds were subjected to estimates of descriptive parameters, correlation and hierarchical analysis of variance (ANOVA). Significant variation, including high levels of phenotypic variation, was observed among mother plants within the subpopulations and between the subpopulations. The high variation and the formation of phenotypically divergent groups are important elements for the breeding of cagaita tree, whose mother plants can now be selected for the traits studied. Phenotypic divergence between populations (PST) can be used as an indicator of the structuring of the phenotypic variation of the species in its natural area of occurrence.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION AND PHENOTYPIC VARIABILITY IN NATURAL POPULATIONS OF MANGABEIRA IN THE STATE OF TOCANTINS, BRAZIL

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 560-571
Author(s):  
ELIZIA APARECIDA PINHEIRO ◽  
RONALDO RODRIGUES COIMBRA ◽  
KELLEN LAGARES FERREIRA SILVA ◽  
WAGNER DE MELO FERREIRA
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Morphological Variables ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Hancornia Speciosa ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT This study aimed to characterize three natural populations of mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa) located in parts of the Cerrado in the region of Porto Nacional, State of Tocantins, as well as to evaluate phenotypic variability in individual plants based on the physicochemical properties of their fruits. Ten genotypes were selected from each population, and 20 fruits of each genotype were collected for analysis. Fruits were analyzed for transverse and longitudinal diameters, total mass, pulp mass and yield, and number and fresh mass of seeds. Two seeds were taken from each fruit for the measurement of longitudinal and transverse diameter and thickness. Furthermore, pH and soluble solids were measured in the total pulp of each genotype. Descriptive statistics were performed on the data from morphological characterization, and populations were compared by the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Dunn's test at 5% probability level. The relationship between variables was estimated by the Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Phenotypic variability was verified using the principal component analysis. All three natural populations of mangabeira investigated here exhibited similar characteristics regarding fruit morphology and pH. Significant differences were detected only in the transverse diameter of the seed (Canaã had the highest value) and for total soluble solids content (Providência had the highest value). Significant correlations were found for corresponding morphological variables and pH in each population, except for several negative correlations that were observed in the Canaã population, which produced more homogeneous fruit. The Providência population presented the largest and most massive fruit. The greatest phenotypic variabilities were observed in the São Judas Tadeu and Providência populations.

scholarly journals Metabolic Capacity of Sinorhizobium (Ensifer) meliloti Strains as Determined by Phenotype MicroArray Analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (16) ◽  
pp. 5396-5404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele G. Biondi ◽  
Enrico Tatti ◽  
Diego Comparini ◽  
Elisa Giuntini ◽  
Stefano Mocali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sinorhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Sulfur Source ◽  
Phenotype Microarray ◽  
High Genetic Diversity

ABSTRACT Sinorhizobium meliloti is a soil bacterium that fixes atmospheric nitrogen in plant roots. The high genetic diversity of its natural populations has been the subject of extensive analysis. Recent genomic studies of several isolates revealed a high content of variable genes, suggesting a correspondingly large phenotypic differentiation among strains of S. meliloti. Here, using the Phenotype MicroArray (PM) system, hundreds of different growth conditions were tested in order to compare the metabolic capabilities of the laboratory reference strain Rm1021 with those of four natural S. meliloti isolates previously analyzed by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). The results of PM analysis showed that most phenotypic differences involved carbon source utilization and tolerance to osmolytes and pH, while fewer differences were scored for nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur source utilization. Only the variability of the tested strain in tolerance to sodium nitrite and ammonium sulfate of pH 8 was hypothesized to be associated with the genetic polymorphisms detected by CGH analysis. Colony and cell morphologies and the ability to nodulate Medicago truncatula plants were also compared, revealing further phenotypic diversity. Overall, our results suggest that the study of functional (phenotypic) variability of S. meliloti populations is an important and complementary step in the investigation of genetic polymorphism of rhizobia and may help to elucidate rhizobial evolutionary dynamics, including adaptation to diverse environments.

scholarly journals Testing accession genetic composition of a germ-plasm bank for mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa)

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronaldo Rodrigues Coimbra ◽  
Danielle Pereira Dos Santos ◽  
Wagner de Melo Ferreira ◽  
Waldesse Piragé de Oliveira Junior ◽  
Elainy Cristina Alves Martins Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Morphological Variables ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Hancornia Speciosa

The objective of the current study was to measure the genetic variability of natural populations of Hancornia speciosa using RAPD type molecular markers to assay variation in existing sampled genotypes, using morphological variables, and so assess germplasm bank composition. Morphological and chemical characteristics H. speciosa fruits and seeds were evaluated using descriptive statistics and principal components analysis. Cluster analyzes was conducted using Jaccard's similarity index, via the UPGMA hierarchical agglomerative method. Phenotypic variability was found in the two studied populations. However, variability was higher in the São Judas population, where the variables: pulp yield and soluble solids content were higher than those in the Canaã population. High genetic variability was found in both study populations, and between- and within-population morphological and genetic variation was present in the studied populations. The nine primers generated 70 bands, of which 68 were polymorphic, with the primers A-08 and C-04 generating the highest number of polymorphic bands. The two populations differ principally in the pulp ratio and the proportion of total solids in the pulp (°Brix). RAPD markers used gave acceptable results and, to initiate the Federal University of Tocantins Active Mangaba Germplasm Bank, seven genotypes were sampled from the Canaã population and five from the São Judas Tadeu population.

scholarly journals Phenotypic variability of fruits and seeds in natural populations of Hymenaea stigonocarpa (Mart. Ex Hayne)

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Soares de Castro ◽  
Ariany Rosa Gonçalves ◽  
Ramilla dos Santos Braga-Ferreira ◽  
Mariana Pires de Campos Telles ◽  
Lázaro José Chaves
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Brazilian Savanna ◽  
Phenotypic Differentiation ◽  
Botanical Variety ◽  
Hierarchical Levels ◽  
Morphometric Characterization

ABSTRACT Hymenaea stigonocarpa (Mart. Ex Hayne), popularly known as jatobá-do-cerrado, is a fruit tree widely distributed in the Brazilian Savanna, has multiple uses and is a promising genetic resource. This study aimed to physically characterize fruits and seeds of H. stigonocarpa, as well as to estimate the phenotypic variability at three hierarchical levels: populations, mother trees within populations, and fruits/seeds within mother trees. Fruits from six mother trees were sampled from each of the 25 natural populations found in the Brazilian Savanna. The morphometric characterization of 742 fruits was carried out by evaluating 10 quantitative traits in fruits and seeds. In addition, comparative analyses were performed between the average values of H. stigonocarpa and the botanical variety H. stigonocarpa var. brevipetiolata. Significant phenotypic variations were noticed at all hierarchical levels. A high phenotypic differentiation among the populations was observed for quantitative traits (fruit mass and size, pulp mass and seed mass), being higher when H. stigonocarpa var. brevipetiolata was included in the analysis.

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