Phase Fractionation of Chemical Elements During the Formation of Ice in Fresh Surface Waters

2020 ◽  
Vol 492 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-332
Author(s):  
A. V. Savenko ◽  
V. S. Savenko ◽  
O. S. Pokrovsky
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Fresh Surface

scholarly journals Episodic fresh surface waters in the Eocene Arctic Ocean

Nature ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 441 (7093) ◽  
pp. 606-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henk Brinkhuis ◽  
◽  
Stefan Schouten ◽  
Margaret E. Collinson ◽  
Appy Sluijs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Fresh Surface

Fresh Surface Waters Decline in Black Sea

Science News ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 134 (18) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Knox
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Fresh Surface

scholarly journals A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of extreme weather events and other weather-related variables on Cryptosporidium and Giardia in fresh surface waters

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Young ◽  
Ben A. Smith ◽  
Aamir Fazil
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Fresh Surface

Global climate change is expected to impact drinking water quality through multiple weather-related phenomena. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between various weather-related variables and the occurrence and concentration of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in fresh surface waters. We implemented a comprehensive search in four databases, screened 1,228 unique citations for relevance, extracted data from 107 relevant articles, and conducted random-effects meta-analysis on 16 key relationships. The average odds of identifying Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in fresh surface waters was 2.61 (95% CI = 1.63–4.21; I2 = 16%) and 2.87 (95% CI = 1.76–4.67; I2 = 0%) times higher, respectively, during and after extreme weather events compared to baseline conditions. Similarly, the average concentration of Cryptosporidium and Giardia identified under these conditions was also higher, by approximately 4.38 oocysts/100 L (95% CI = 2.01–9.54; I2 = 0%) and 2.68 cysts/100 L (95% CI = 1.08–6.55; I2 = 48%). Correlation relationships between other weather-related parameters and the density of these pathogens were frequently heterogeneous and indicated low to moderate effects. Meta-regression analyses identified different study-level factors that influenced the variability in these relationships. The results can be used as direct inputs for quantitative microbial risk assessment. Future research is warranted to investigate these effects and potential mitigation strategies in different settings and contexts.

scholarly journals DISTRIBUTION OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS IN SURFACE WATERS FROM THE CRNA RIVER BASIN, REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitri Tomovski ◽  
Trajče Stafilov ◽  
Robert Šajn ◽  
Katerina Bačeva Andonovska
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Anthropogenic Influence ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Surface Water Samples

An investigation of the distribution of 23 chemical elements (Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Sr, V and Zn) in surface water samples from the entire basin of the Crna River, Republic of Macedonia, was carried out. In total 31 water samples were collected, from which 8 samples from the Crna River and 4 samples from four main tributaries of Crna River in the Pelagonia Valley (Blato, Prilepska Reka, Dragor and Jelaška Reka). Also, surface water samples were collected from 3 locations in the Tikveš Lake, 8 locations from the Majdanska River and river of Blašnica before its inflow into the Tikveš Lake and from 7 locations of the lower course of the Crna River after the dam of Tikveš Lake until its inflow into the river of Vardar. Determination of the concen-tration of the investigated elements was performed by using atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-AES). All data obtained for the analyzed samples were statistically processed using software Stat Soft 11.0 where the descriptive statistical analysis of the value for the concentration of the elements was performed. The maps of spatial distribution of the concentration for each element and a histograms for the representation of elements with mean values of the concentrations by regions, were also prepared. The obtained results show that the concentration of investigated element are mainly followed the lithology of the region. However, higher concentrations of arsenic were found in the water samples from the river of Blašnica which is a result of anthropogenic influence from the abounded Allchar mine on the Kožuf Mountain. Also, the increased concentrations of nickel were found in the samples from the lower couse of the Crna River after the dam of Tikveš Lake due to the anthropogenic influence from the ferronickel smelter plant Feni Industry, which can influence the quality parameters of surface waters.

scholarly journals Hydrochemistry of Cachoeira River (Bahia State, Brazil)

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Zita Tabosa Pinheiro de Queiroz Lima Lucio ◽  
Simone Setúbal dos Santos ◽  
Daniela Mariano Lopes da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
Concentration Of Ions ◽  
Geological Formation ◽  
Major Factors

AIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate the spatial-temporal changes of chemical elements in the surface waters of the Cachoeira River in order to evaluate the impacts of anthropogenic activities in water quality; METHODS: Samples were collected monthly between August 2008 and August 2009 at six collection points along the river. The abiotic parameters dissolved oxygen, pH, electrical conductivity and temperature were performed in the field using portable digital meters; concentration of ions nitrite (NO2-), nitrate (NO3-), ammonia (NH4+), phosphate (PO4-), sodium (Na+), calcium (Ca+2), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl-), magnesium (Mg+2), sulfate (SO4-2) were determined by ion chromatography and bicarbonate (HCO3-) was calculated by a model of ionic associations originated from alkalinity values; RESULTS: The spatial variations showed that anthropogenic activities and land use changes (cocoa crops and pasture) appear to be the major factors influencing the distribution of nutrients in the Cachoeira River; however, lithology seems to be the factor influencing the major ions; CONCLUSIONS: Variations in ion concentrations were directly related to drought and rainy periods, the geological formation, and the various land uses. The lack of treatment of domestic wastes and their incorrect disposal in water bodies has significantly contributed to the aggravation of environmental problems and consequently the health of the population.

Trace metals in waters

1979 ◽  
Vol 288 (1026) ◽  
pp. 25-39 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Drinking Waters ◽  
Fresh Surface ◽  
Current Standards ◽  
Broad Overview

The topic of this paper is extremely broad, and to allow more useful discussion, emphasis is placed on trace (less than 1 mg/1) metals in fresh surface waters and in drinking waters. An attempt is made to give a broad overview of current knowledge, problems and research with particular reference to the following: (1) metals of interest, current standards of water quality relevant to health, and concentrations of metals in waters; (2) sources of, and other factors affecting, the concentrations of metals; (3) general problems in the measurement of metal concentrations; (4) important research topics.

Study of Electric Conductivity of Urban Stream Water Polluted with Municipal Effluents

2014 ◽  
Vol 641-642 ◽  
pp. 1172-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandr N. Chusov ◽  
Ekaterina A. Bondarenko ◽  
Maria Ju. Andrianova
Keyword(s):  
Electric Conductivity ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Urban Stream ◽  
Waste Waters ◽  
Specific Electric Conductivity ◽  
Water Conductivity ◽  
Fresh Surface

Specific electric conductivity of water samples in a polluted urban stream was compared with other water quality parameters such as concentration of inorganic carbon, total organic carbon, and total nitrogen. Increasing of water conductivity 1.3...10 times was observed downstream canalization outlets discharging drainage waters together with residential waste waters from inhabited district of city. In some periods water conductivity showed good correlation with pollutants concentration such as TN and IC (with correlation coefficients 0.54...0.96). The received data show that electric conductivity can be used for revealing waste waters pollution in fresh surface waters.

Controls on the epilimnetic phosphorus concentration in small temperate lakes

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aria Amirbahman ◽  
Kaci Fitzgibbon ◽  
Stephen A Norton ◽  
Linda Bacon ◽  
Sean D. Birkel
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Temperate Lakes ◽  
P Accumulation ◽  
Limiting Nutrients ◽  
Fresh Surface

Phosphorus (P) is one of the key limiting nutrients for algal growth in most fresh surface waters. Understanding the determinants of P accumulation in the water column of lakes of...

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