Carbon nano-dots were synthesized by a hydrothermal method and integrated into the poly(vinyl alcohol) matrix as charge carrier trapping centers for nonvolatile memory devices.
EPR spectroscopy in X- and Q-bands was employed to trace charge carrier trapping upon exposure to X-rays of LuPO4:Eu, LuPO4:Eu,Hf and YPO4:Eu,Hf flux-grown single crystals, as well as LuPO4:Eu sintered ceramics.