Maxwell equation for conductivity of dielectrics as the basis of direct relationship of ionic electrical conductivity and mechanical losses in glasses. New problems of physical chemistry of glass

В статье представлены материалы о взаимосвязи продолжительности продуктивного использования коров с характеристикой устойчивости к деградации, с возрастом отела и удоем. В исследованной, разнородной по происхождению, группе животных для прогноза продуктивного периода коров, обусловленного устойчивостью к деградации и возрастом первого отела, пригодно уравнение регрессии, аргументами в котором являются индекс устойчивости, возраст первого отела в первой и второй степенях. Коэффициент корреляции межу предсказанными значениями продуктивного периода и его фактическими величинами в I группе составляет 0,502, во II - 0,604. При этом крайние варианты прогнозируются со статистическими ошибками 5 мес при оценке индекса устойчивости по 2 лактациям и 4,1 мес по 3, а средние варианты, соответственно, 1,6 и 1,51 мес. Индекс устойчивости к процессу старения является важной характеристикой биологических особенностей коров, определяющий их продуктивное долголетие. Его оценка по первым 2 и 3 лактациям имеет прямолинейную связь с продуктивным периодом (r=0,4109 и r=0,5270), соответственно. Зависимость продуктивного периода от возраста первого отела криволинейная — с увеличением возраста первого отела сокращается срок продуктивного использования, при возрасте первого отела более 1400 дней срок продуктивного использования колеблется от 1,33 до 1,41 лактации. Коэффициент корреляции между этими характеристиками коров составляет - 0,2164 в I и - 0,2620 во II группах. The article presents materials about the relationship of the duration of productive use of cows with the characteristic of resistance to degradation, with the age of calving and milk yield. In the studied group of animals, which is heterogeneous in origin, the regression equation is suitable for predicting the productive period of cows due to resistance to degradation and the age of the first calving, the arguments of which are the stability index, the age of the first calving in the first and second degrees. The correlation coefficient between the predicted values of the productive period and its actual values in group I is 0.502, in group II - 0.604. At the same time, the extreme variants are predicted with statistical errors of 5 months when evaluating the stability index for 2 lactations and 4.1 months for 3, and the average variants, respectively, are 1.6 and 1.51 months. The index of resistance to the aging process is an important characteristic of the biological characteristics of cows, which determines their productive longevity. Its estimate for the first 2 and 3 lactations has a direct relationship with the productive period (r=0.4109 and r=0.5270), respectively. The dependence of the productive period age at first calving curvilinear with increasing age at first calving reduces the time to productive use, while age at first calving of more than 1400 days, the period of productive use ranges from 1.33 to 1.41 lactation. The correlation coefficient between these characteristics of cows is-0.2164 in I and-0.2620 in II groups.

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Prediction of Reproductive Success in Multiparous First Service Dairy Cows by Parameters from In-Line Sensors

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11040334 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 334

Author(s):

Ramūnas Antanaitis ◽

Vida Juozaitienė ◽

Dovilė Malašauskienė ◽

Mindaugas Televičius ◽

Mingaudas Urbutis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Negative Energy ◽

Hydroxybutyric Acid ◽

Pregnancy Status ◽

Group A ◽

Biochemical Indices ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the relationship of different parameters from an automatic milking system (AMS) with the pregnancy status of multiparous cows at first service and to assess the accuracy of such a follow-up with regard to blood parameters. Before the insemination of cows, blood samples for measuring biochemical indices were taken from the coccygeal vessels and the concentrations of blood serum albumin (ALB), cortisol, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) were determined. From oestrus day to seven days after oestrus, the following parameters were registered: milk yield (MY), electric milk conductivity, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB). The pregnancy status was evaluated using ultrasound “Easy scan” 30–35 days after insemination. Cows were grouped by reproductive status: PG− (non-pregnant; n = 48) and PG+ (pregnant; n = 44). The BHB level in PG− cows was 1.2 times higher (p < 0.005). The electrical conductivity of milk was statistically significantly higher in all quarters of PG− cows (1.07 times) than of PG+ cows (p < 0.05). The arithmetic mean of blood GGT was 1.61 times higher in PG− cows and the NEFA value 1.23 times higher (p < 0.05) compared with the PG+ group. The liver function was affected, the average ALB of PG− cows was 1.19 times lower (p < 0.05) and the AST activity was 1.16 times lower (p < 0.05) compared with PG+ cows. The non-pregnant group had a negative energy balance demonstrated by high in-line milk BHB and high blood NEFA concentrations. We found a greater number of cows with cortisol >0.0.75 mg/dL in the non-pregnant group. A higher milk electrical conductivity in the non-pregnant cows pointed towards a greater risk of mastitis while higher GGT activities together with lower albumin concentrations indicated that the cows were more affected by oxidative stress.

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Structure-Electrical Transport Property Relationship of Anisotropic iPP/CNT Films

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/opl.2013.445 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1499 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Parvathalu Kalakonda ◽

Michael Daly ◽

Kaikai Xu ◽

Yaniel Cabrera ◽

Robert Judith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Electrical Transport ◽

Preparation Method ◽

Weight Percent ◽

Electrical Transport Properties ◽

Oriented Polymer ◽

Nano Composite ◽

Nano Structure ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Fine Tune

ABSTRACTThe internal micro/nano-structure of anisotropically oriented polymer/CNTs composites determines their macroscopic properties. However, the connections between the two are not fully understood. The varying of CNT concentration, preparation method, and a thermodynamic parameter (e.g. temperature) can all play interconnected role. In this work, the macroscopic electrical conductivity was measured perpendicular to the film thickness of an insulating polymer (isotactic PolyPropylene, iPP) and a nano-composite of iPP with 5 weight percent of CNT. The thin films studied were sheared (anisotropically nano-structured) and non-sheared (with random internal structure). In general the effect of melt shearing induces anisotropy on the electrical transport properties of the iPP/CNT films in directions parallel and perpendicular to the direction of orientation. Our results show that for the pure iPP, resistivity slightly increases with shear at higher temperatures. When CNTs are introduced, there is a large difference between the resistivity of the sheared and non-sheared nanocomposite. The sheared PNCs when the CNTs are aligned parallel to each other, have higher resistivity, which is possibly due to the higher concentration at which the percolation threshold occurs in this arrangement. The resistivity decreases overall, as the temperature increases from 0 to 50 °C. These results show that CNTs can be used to control and fine tune the desired macroscopic physical properties of nanocomposites, by concentration and orientation, such as electrical conductivity, for applications where such properties are necessary.

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An improvement to the ANN-enhanced flow rating method

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-221 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bernhard Schmid

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Water Resources ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Major Ions ◽

Rate Of Change ◽

Data Set ◽

Input Variables ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

The work reported here builds upon a previous pilot study by the author on ANN-enhanced flow rating (Schmid, 2020), which explored the use of electrical conductivity (EC) in addition to stage to obtain &#8216;better&#8217;, i.e. more accurate and robust, estimates of streamflow. The inclusion of EC has an advantage, when the relationship of EC versus flow rate is not chemostatic in character. In the majority of cases, EC is, indeed, not chemostatic, but tends to decrease with increasing discharge (so-called dilution behaviour), as reported by e.g. Moatar et al. (2017), Weijs et al. (2013) and Tunqui Neira et al.(2020). This is also in line with this author&#8217;s experience.The research presented here takes the neural network based approach one major step further and incorporates the temporal rate of change in stage and the direction of change in EC among the input variables (which, thus, comprise stage, EC, change in stage and direction of change in EC). Consequently, there are now 4 input variables in total employed as predictors of flow rate. Information on the temporal changes in both flow rate and EC helps the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) characterize hysteretic behaviour, with EC assuming different values for falling and rising flow rate, respectively, as described, for instance, by Singley et al. (2017).The ANN employed is of the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) type, with stage, EC, change in stage and direction of change in EC of the M&#246;dling data set (Schmid, 2020) as input variables. Summarising the stream characteristics, the M&#246;dling brook can be described as a small Austrian stream with a catchment of fairly mixed composition (forests, agricultural and urbanized areas). The relationship of EC versus flow reflects dilution behaviour. Neural network configuration 4-5-1 (the 4 input variables mentioned above, 5 hidden nodes and discharge as the single output) with learning rate 0.05 and momentum 0.15 was found to perform best, with testing average RMSE (root mean square error) of the scaled output after 100,000 epochs amounting to 0.0138 as compared to 0.0216 for the (best performing) 2-5-1 MLP with stage and EC as inputs only. &#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;ReferencesMoatar, F., Abbott, B.W., Minaudo, C., Curie, F. and Pinay, G.: Elemental properties, hydrology, and biology interact to shape concentration-discharge curves for carbon, nutrients, sediment and major ions. Water Resources Res., 53, 1270-1287, 2017.Schmid, B.H.: Enhanced flow rating using neural networks with water stage and electrical conductivity as predictors. EGU2020-1804, EGU General Assembly 2020.Singley, J.G., Wlostowski, A.N., Bergstrom, A.J., Sokol, E.R., Torrens, C.L., Jaros, C., Wilson, C.,E., Hendrickson, P.J. and Gooseff, M.N.: Characterizing hyporheic exchange processes using high-frequency electrical conductivity-discharge relationships on subhourly to interannual timescales. Water Resources Res. 53, 4124-4141, 2017.Tunqui Neira, J.M., Andr&#233;assian, V., Tallec, G. and Mouchel, J.-M.: A two-sided affine power scaling relationship to represent the concentration-discharge relationship. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 24, 1823-1830, 2020.Weijs, S.V., Mutzner, R. and Parlange, M.B.: Could electrical conductivity replace water level in rating curves for alpine streams? Water Resources Research 49, 343-351, 2013.

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Adrenal relationship to immunity

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17816/kazmj77806 ◽

1927 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 29-32

Author(s):

M. N. Cheboksarov ◽

Z. I. Malkin

Keyword(s):

Direct Relationship ◽

Adrenal Glands ◽

Bacterial Toxins ◽

Biological Role ◽

Endocrine Glands ◽

Animal Body ◽

Endocrine Organs ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

The question of the relationship of the endocrine glands, and in particular the adrenal glands, to immunity has not yet been finally resolved: while some authors recognize only the indirect importance of the endocrine organs in the fight against infection, given the extremely extensive biological role of these organs in the life of the animal body, others are inclined to seek a more direct relationship, allowing their participation or in the production of antithelials, or in the neutralization of bacterial toxins.

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Passive leadership and its relationship with organizational justice

Journal of Management Development ◽

10.1108/jmd-05-2017-0187 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 212-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Muhammad Majid Adeel ◽

Hafiz Ghufran Ali Khan ◽

Naveed Zafar ◽

Syed Tahir Rizvi

Keyword(s):

Organizational Justice ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Direct Relationship ◽

Social Science Knowledge ◽

Content Type ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Independent Variable ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship among passive leadership, organizational justice and affect-based trust. In addition, the meditating role of affect-based trust between these relationships is also investigated. Design/methodology/approach The data have been collected using anonymously completed questionnaire that has questions regarding passive leadership as independent variable, affect-based trust as mediator and organizational justice as dependent variable. Findings It is noted that the passive leadership is negatively associated with the affect-based trust and perceptions of organizational justice and the mediating role of affect-based trust is also confirmed between these relationships. Originality/value This study provides a new insight for social science knowledge base by explaining the direct relationship of passive leadership with organizational justice and through affect-based trust.

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The Relationship of Blood Pressure to Hospitalization, Dietary Sodium and Serum Renin in Essential Hypertension

Angiology ◽

10.1177/000331977002100202 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 75-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Daniel K. Bloomfield ◽

Anne B. Gould ◽

JOSE L. Cangiano ◽

Victor Vertes

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Essential Hypertension ◽

Human Serum ◽

Direct Relationship ◽

Dietary Sodium ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Methods Of Measurement ◽

Sensitive Method

A direct relationship between the level of renin in the blood and the height of the blood pressure in humans has not been definitely established. Hitherto, the development of methods of measurement of renin has been fraught with great technical difficulties. Recently, Gould et al. developed a sensitive method for the assay of renin in human serum. The use of this method has enabled us to undertake a study of the relationship of the level of circulating renin in the blood to the height of the blood pressure under various conditions in patients with essential hypertension. The main purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between the level of circulating renin in the blood and the fall of blood pressure which occurs as a result of hospitalization and reduction of dietary sodium.

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