Physico-chemical properties of the ternary system urea-ammonium nitrate-water. Surface tension

1985 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1629-1635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Šišková ◽  
Jiřina Hejtmánková ◽  
Lidmila Bartovská
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Ternary System ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ternary Systems ◽  
Surface Tensions ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Experimental Values

Surface tension of two binary systems ammonium nitrate-water and urea-water and of the ternary system ammonium nitrate-urea-water was measured as a function of concentration at 20 and 40 °C. The experimental values were compared with those calculated from the relations which were proposed for calculating surface tensions of ternary systems from measured surface tensions of both binary systems.

Physico-chemical properties of the ternary system urea-ammonium nitrate-water. Density

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1097-1103
Author(s):  
Ludmila Bartovská ◽  
Jiřina Hejtmánková ◽  
Marie Šišková ◽  
Lubomír Jäger
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Ternary System ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Density ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Temperature Dependences ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate

Density of the ternary system urea-ammonium nitrate-water was measured in the range of overall concentrations 0-75 mass % at temperatures of 0, 20, 30 and 40 °C. The experimental data are compared with the values calculated from the relation obtained by combining the temperature dependences of densities of the binary systems urea-water and ammonium nitrate-water.

Surface tensions of ternary systems

1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 903-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Šišková ◽  
Pavel Hampl
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Force Field ◽  
Ternary Systems ◽  
Multicomponent Systems ◽  
Surface Tensions ◽  
Thermodynamic Condition ◽  
Experimental Values

From the thermodynamic condition of equilibrium in a system in a force field, a relation was derived for calculating surface tensions in three- and multicomponent systems. To check the validity of this relation the surface tension of two ternary systems has been measured and the experimental values have been compared with the calculated ones.

Saturated vapour pressures of the ternary system urea-ammonium nitrate-water

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 2130-2140
Author(s):  
Jiřina Hejtmánková ◽  
Lidmila Bartovská ◽  
Marie Šišková ◽  
Lubomír Jäger
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Ternary System ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Isopiestic Method ◽  
Saturated Vapour ◽  
Liquid Solutions ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Standard Solutions

Saturated vapour pressures of the ternary liquid solutions of urea and ammonium nitrate in water were investigated by the isopiestic method at 15, 25 and 35 °C. The measurements were carried out within the concentrations that are measurable by means of the NaCl standard solutions (i.e. up to the NaCl molality 6 mol/kg). The experimental data are correlated in terms of isotonic solutions of the urea-water and ammonium nitrate-water binary systems.

scholarly journals Two-phase equilibrium in binary and ternary systems II. The system methane-ethylene III. The system methane-ethane-ethylene

1940 ◽  
Vol 176 (964) ◽  
pp. 140-152 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Equilibrium ◽  
Ternary System ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Ternary Systems ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Composition Diagram ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Binary And Ternary Systems

The liquid-vapour equilibrium of the system methane-ethylene has been determined at 0, -42 , -78, -88 and -104° C over a wide range of pressures and the results are shown on a pressure-composition-temperature diagram and by a series of pressure-composition curves. The liquid-vapour equilibrium of the ternary system methane-ethane-ethylene has been determined at -104, -78 and 0° C. Values for the two binary systems methane-ethane and methane-ethylene and for the ternary system methane-ethane-ethylene are shown on a composite pressure-composition diagram.

scholarly journals Research on Physico-Chemical Properties of Diethyl Ether/Linseed Oil Blends for the Use as Fuel in Diesel Engines

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6564
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Górski ◽  
Ruslans Smigins ◽  
Rafał Longwic
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Physico Chemical

Physico-chemical properties of diethyl ether/linseed oil (DEE/LO) fuel blends were empirically tested in this article for the first time. In particular, kinematic viscosity (ν), density (ρ), lower heating value (LHV), cold filter plugging point (CFPP) and surface tension (σ) were examined. For this research diethyl ether (DEE) was blended with linseed oil (LO) in volumetric ratios of 10%, 20% and 30%. Obtained results were compared with literature data of diethyl ether/rapeseed oil (DEE/RO) fuel blends get in previous research in such a way looking on differences also between oil types. It was found that DEE impacts significantly on the reduction of plant oil viscosity, density and surface tension and improve low temperature properties of tested oils. In particular, the addition of 10% DEE to LO effectively reduces its kinematic viscosity by 53% and even by 82% for the blend containing 30% DEE. Tested ether reduces density and surface tension of LO up to 6% and 25% respectively for the blends containing 30% DEE. The measurements of the CFPP showed that DEE significantly improves the low temperature properties of LO. In the case of the blend containing 30% DEE the CFPP can be lowered up to −24 °C. For this reason DEE/LO blends seem to be valuable as a fuel for diesel engines in the coldest season of the year. Moreover, DEE/LO blends have been tested in the engine research. Based on results it can be stated that the engine operated with LO results in worse performance compared with regular diesel fuel (DF). However, it was found that these disadvantages could be reduced with DEE as a component of the fuel mixture. Addition of this ether to LO improves the quality of obtained fuel blends. For this reason, the efficiency of DEE/LO blend combustion process is similar for the engine fuelled with regular diesel fuel. In this research it was confirmed that the smoke opacity reaches the highest value for the engine fuelled with plant oils. However, addition of 20% DEE reduces this emission to the value comparable for the engine operated with diesel fuel.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation and Thermodynamic Calculation of Ni–Al–La Ternary System in Nickel-Rich Region: A New Intermetallic Compound Ni2AlLa

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinfa Liao ◽  
Hang Wang ◽  
Tzu-Yu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Ternary System ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Ternary Phase ◽  
Ternary Systems ◽  
Rich Region ◽  
Space Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽  
Backscattered Electron ◽  
Electron Imaging

The phase equilibrium of the Ni–Al–La ternary system in a nickel-rich region was observed at 800 °C and 1000 °C using scanning electron microscopy backscattered electron imaging, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry and X-ray diffractometry. The solubility of Al in the Ni5La phase was remeasured at 800 °C and 1000 °C. Herein, we report a new ternary phase, termed Ni2AlLa, confirmed at 800 °C. Its X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern was indexed and space group determined using Total Pattern Solution (TOPAS), and the suitable lattice parameters were fitted using the Pawley method and selected-area electron diffraction. Ni2AlLa crystallizes in the trigonal system with a space group R3 (no. 146), a = 4.1985 Å and c = 13.6626 Å. A self-consistent set of thermodynamic parameters for the Al–La and Ni–La binary systems and the Ni–Al–La ternary system includes a Ni2AlLa ternary phase, which was optimized using the CALPHAD method. The calculated thermodynamic and phase-equilibria data for the binary and ternary systems are consistent with the literature and measured data.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Properties of Melts Used for the Electrodeposition of Niobium

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 540-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanka Kubikova ◽  
Vladimir Danek ◽  
Marcelle Gaune-Escard
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Phase Equilibrium ◽  
Ternary System ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Limited Solubility

Formation of oxyfluoroniobium compounds in the binary systems KF-Nb2O5 and K2NbF7-Nb2O5 and in the ternary system KF-K2NbF7-Nb2O5 has been expected. Therefore the phase equilibrium and surface tension of the above systems have been determined. The three systems have only been investigated up to 20 mol% Nb2O5 because of its limited solubility. The obtained results have confirmed the formation of oxyfluoroniobium compounds.

Properties of ethanol and ethanol-water solutions – Tables and Equations

2010 ◽  
pp. 607-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Kadlec ◽  
Svatopluk Henke ◽  
Zdenek Bubník
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Pure Ethanol ◽  
Water Solutions ◽  
Pressure Surface ◽  
Physico Chemical

This paper deals with the physico-chemical properties of ethanol and ethanol-water solutions. The data of ethanol properties and its water solutions, which were obtained from literature, are presented in the form of Equations and Tables.Extended properties include data for pure ethanol (density, vapor pressure, surface tension, viscosity, molar and specific heat capacity, enthalpy of evaporation, thermal conductivity and static relative permittivity) and tabled data for ethanol-water solutions (0–100% ethanol) as well: concentrative properties, surface tension and thermal conductivity at20 °C, density, viscosity, boiling point and equilibrium liquid-vapor at normal pressure.

Surface tension and density of the molten PbCl2–KCl–NaCl ternary system

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1132-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Fujisawa ◽  
T. Utigard ◽  
J. M. Toguri
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Ternary System ◽  
Surface Tensions ◽  
Maximum Bubble Pressure ◽  
Maximum Bubble Pressure Method ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Pressure Method ◽  
Bubble Pressure ◽  
Increasing Temperature

The maximum bubble pressure method was used to determine the surface tension and density of melts within the PbCl2–KCl–NaCl system. The temperature range of this study was from 450 to 800 °C. In all cases, the surface tension was found to decrease with increasing temperature. At constant molar ratios of KCl to NaCl, a minimum in the surface tension was observed at approximately 40 mol% PbCl2. The ternary surface tension values were found to obey the simple additivity expression of the binary surface tensions of PbCl2–KCl and PbCl2–NaCl. Based on these findings, constant surface tension contours have been drawn.The density obtained in the present study agree well with the previously determined densities using a bottom-balance Archimedean technique reported by this laboratory.

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