Electrochromic Behaviour of Polynuclear Ruthenium Complexes on Nanocrystalline SnO2

2003 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1710-1722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Biancardo ◽  
Peter F. H. Schwab ◽  
Carlo A. Bignozzi
Keyword(s):  
Dicarboxylic Acid ◽  
Isonicotinic Acid ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Electrochromic Devices ◽  
Bridging Ligands ◽  
Conductive Glass ◽  
Reversible Redox ◽  
Colour Changes ◽  
Glass Electrodes ◽  
Polynuclear Ruthenium Complexes

The trinuclear [{Ru(NH3)4(py-COOH)}(μ-CN){Ru(bpy)2}(μ-CN){Ru(NH3)4(py-COOH)}]6+ (py-COOH = isonicotinic acid, bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) (1) and dinuclear [{Ru(dcb)2}2L]7- (dcb = 2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid, H3L = 9-phenyl-2,3,7-trihydroxy-6-fluorone) (2) complexes were prepared and their spectroelectrochemical behaviour characterised in solution and on conductive glass electrodes layered with Sb-doped nanocrystalline SnO2. The systems display a reversible redox response in a narrow potential range (-0.5 to +0.5 V vs SCE) and offer the possibility of controlling colour changes of electrochromic devices through variations of the coordinated and bridging ligands at the metal centres. SnO2(Sb) electrodes loaded with these dyes show switching times of the order of ms.

Recent Progress in Polynuclear Ruthenium Complex-Based DNA Binders/Structural Probes and Anticancer Agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (22) ◽  
pp. 3735-3752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si-Qi Zhang ◽  
Li-Hua Gao ◽  
Hua Zhao ◽  
Ke-Zhi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Ruthenium Complex ◽  
Ruthenium Complexes ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Bridging Ligands ◽  
Metal Centers ◽  
Dna Binders ◽  
Structural Probes ◽  
Polynuclear Ruthenium Complexes

Ruthenium complexes have stood out by several mononuclear complexes which have entered into clinical trials, such as imidazolium [trans-RuCl4(1H-imidazole)(DMSO-S)] (NAMI-A) and ([Ru(II)(4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine)2-(2(2'-,2'':5'',2'''-terthiophene)-imidazo[4,5-f] [1,10]phenanthroline)] 2+) (TLD-1433), opening a new avenue for developing promising ruthenium-based anticancer drugs alternative to Cisplatin. Polynuclear ruthenium complexes were reported to exhibit synergistic and/or complementary effects: the enhanced DNA structural recognition and DNA binding as well as in vitro anticancer activities. This review overviews some representative polynuclear ruthenium complexes acting as DNA structural probes, DNA binders and in vitro anticancer agents, which were developed during last decades. These complexes are reviewed according to two main categories of homo-polynuclear and hetero-polynuclear complexes, each of which is further clarified into the metal centers linked by rigid and flexible bridging ligands. The perspective, challenges and future efforts for investigations into these exciting complexes are pointed out or suggested.

Novel Electrode Materials for Ultracapacitors:Structural and Electrochemical Properties of Sol-Gel-Derived Manganese Dioxide Thin Films

1999 ◽  
Vol 575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suh-Cern Pang ◽  
MarcA Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Specific Capacitance ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
High Specific Capacitance ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Proton Mobility ◽  
Reversible Redox ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Nickel Substrates

ABSTRACTNanoparticulate MnO2thin films fabricated by the sol-gel process have been shown to be an outstanding novel electrode material for Ultracapacitors. The average specific capacitance of sol-gel-derived MnO2thin-films on nickel substrates as determined by cyclic voltammetry ranged from 566 to 698 F/g. These films also exhibited good cycling stability within the potential range of 0.0-0.9V (vs SCE) in unbuffered aqueous electrolyte. Both CV and XPS studies showed that MnO2films have remained chemically and structurally intact after 1,500 cycles. The XRD spectra and SEM micrographs showed that the microstructure of MnO2thin films are highly porous, and poorly crystalline or amorphous in nature. The high specific capacitance of MnO2may be predominantly due to pseudocapacitance associated with homogenous and reversible redox reactions of proton insertion into and out of the MnO2lattice. Any variation in the microstructure and thickness of films might affect proton mobility within the oxide matrix and thereby affecting their cycling behaviors. Further optimization of the cycling behaviors is envisaged with better microstructural and thickness control of these sol-gelderived nanoparticulate MnO2thin films.

Crystal structures, topologies and luminescent properties of three Zn(ii)/Cd(ii) coordination networks based on naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid and different bis(imidazole) linkers

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (21) ◽  
pp. 16190-16198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Hao Yan ◽  
Wen Wang ◽  
Liangliang Zhang ◽  
Xiaowei Zhang ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acid ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Coordination Polymers ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Luminescent Properties ◽  
Coordination Networks ◽  
Bridging Ligands

Three new coordination polymers (CPs) based on H2ndc acid have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Three CPs exhibit structural diversity depending on different bis(imidazole) bridging ligands and center metal ions.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Properties of Novel Polymers to Increase the Electrochromic Service Life of Poly(3-hexylthiophene)

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Yuan Lai ◽  
Peter J. S. Foot ◽  
John W. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Service Time ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Polymer Coatings ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Electrochromic Devices ◽  
Electro Optic ◽  
Covalently Bonded ◽  
Ito Glass ◽  
Electrochemical Cycling ◽  
Glass Electrodes

Poly(3-alkylthiophene)s (P3ATs) are a promising class of electrochromic materials because of their convenient processability and environmental stability. The adhesion of electroactive polymer coatings on a transparent conducting substrate is a significant factor affecting the durable colour-changing life of electrochromic devices such as visual displays and switchable windows. Traditional electrochromic coatings on transparent ITO glass electrodes often have poor cycling lifetimes, due to incompatibility between the polymers and the inorganic substrates. However, providing a covalently-bonded network between the active electrochromics and the ITO glass is an efficient method to increase the adhesion and hence to extend the service time; the research described here used Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of N-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)pyrrole (TMP) onto poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), as a precursor to a sol-gel reaction. The Si-O-metal network produced between the siloxane groups and metal oxide after the sol-gel reaction served to enhance the adhesion of the poly(3-hexylthiophene) onto ITO glass. With this stronger bonding, the colour-switching service time was found to be extended considerably by the observation of repeated electrochemical cycling tests. In addition, the electro-optic and electrochemical properties of copolymers with various molar substitution ratios of TMP on P3HT were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and UV-visible spectroscopy. The π-π* transition energy of P3HT increased with the degree of bromo-substitution, but diminished again after substituting with TMP. The hysteresis in electrochromic switching also became more noticeable with increased bromo-substitution on the P3HT, but it decreased when TMP was attached to the thiophene rings.

scholarly journals Complementary hybrid electrodes for high contrast electrochromic devices with fast response

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Kortz ◽  
Alexander Hein ◽  
Marius Ciobanu ◽  
Lorenz Walder ◽  
Egbert Oesterschulze
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Electrochromic Device ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Electrochromic Devices ◽  
Fast Switching ◽  
Camera Systems ◽  
Supporting Electrode

Abstract Fast switching ‘transparent-to-black’ electrochromic devices are currently under investigation as potential candidates in modern applications like e-papers or with additional functionality as ultracompact iris or switchable neutral filter in camera systems. However, recent electrochromic devices show either a lack of contrast or slow response times. To overcome these deficiencies we focus on a careful material composition of the colouring hybrid electrodes in our device. We have established a nanoporous Sb-doped SnO$${}_{2}$$ 2 electrode as supporting electrode for chemisorbed electrochromic tetraphenylbenzidine molecules due to its good conductivity in the redox potential range of the molecule. This hybrid electrode was combined with a modified nanoporous TiO$${}_{2}$$ 2 / viologen electrode to realize a high performance, complementary electrochromic device. Fast switching time constants of 0.5 s and concurrently high change in optical density $$\Delta$$ Δ OD = 2.04 at 605 nm confirm our successful concept. The achieved colouration efficiency of 440 cm$${}^{2}$$ 2 C$${}^{-1}$$ − 1 exceeds every high contrast device presented so far.

scholarly journals New thallium(III) chloride complexes with pyridine carboxylic acids: from molecular compounds to supramolecular associations

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Toma ◽  
Agustín Sánchez ◽  
José Casas ◽  
José Sordo ◽  
María García-Tasende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isonicotinic Acid ◽  
Picolinic Acid ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Chelating Ligands ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Chloride Complexes ◽  
Bridging Ligands ◽  
Monomeric Complex ◽  
Pyridine Carboxylic

AbstractReactions of TlCl3 with picolinic acid (Hpic), nicotinic acid (Hnic), isonicotinic acid (Hinic) and 3-hydroxy-picolinic acid (H3hpic) afford the isolation of new chlorothallium(III) complexes. The compounds are characterized by IR, Raman and multinuclear NMR (1H,13C,205Tl). The molecular structures of [TlCl2(pic)(Hpic)]·0.5H2O (1), [TlCl2(nic)(Hnic)] (2), [TlCl(inic)2]·0.6C2H5OH (3) and [TlCl(3hpic)2(h3hpic)] (4) are determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. A distorted octahedral TlCl2N2O2 core containing the O,N-chelating ligands is achieved in the monomeric complex 1. The coordination polyhedron in compounds 2–4 is pentagonal bipyramidal, i.e. TlCl2NO4 in 2, and TlClN2O4 in 3 and 4, respectively. O,O′,N-Bridging ligands result in a polymer chain for 2 and a three-dimensional polymeric association in 3, while compound 4 is monomeric (O, N-and O,O-chelating ligands).

scholarly journals Neutral and Cationic Chelidonate Coordination Polymers with N,N’-Bridging Ligands

Chemistry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 256-268
Author(s):  
Rosa Carballo ◽  
Ana Belén Lago ◽  
Arantxa Pino-Cuevas ◽  
Olaya Gómez-Paz ◽  
Nuria Fernández-Hermida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acid ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Coordination Sphere ◽  
Coordination Polymers ◽  
Crystal Packing ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Bridging Ligands ◽  
Bridging Ligand

The biomolecule chelidonic acid (H2chel, 4-oxo-4H-pyran-2,6-dicarboxylic acid) has been used to build new coordination polymers with the bridging N,N’-ligands 4,4′-bipyridine (4,4-bipy) and 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane (bpe). Four compounds have been obtained as single crystals: 1D cationic coordination polymers [M(4,4-bipy)(OH2)4]2+ with chelidonate anions and water molecules in the second coordination sphere in 1∞[Zn(4,4-bipy)(H2O)4]chel·3H2O (2) and in the two pseudopolymorphic 1∞[Cu(4,4-bipy)(H2O)4]chel·nH2O (n = 3, 4a; n = 6, 4b), and the 2D neutral coordination polymers 2∞[Zn(chel)(4,4-bipy)(H2O)]·2H2O (1) and 2∞[Zn(chel)(bpe)(H2O)]·H2O (3) where the chelidonate anion acts as a bridging ligand. The effects of the hydrogen bonds on the crystal packing were analyzed. The role of the water molecules hosted within the crystals lattices was also studied.

Corrosion monitoring and root cause identification in high solids concentrators

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 467-477
Author(s):  
PASI NIEMELAINEN ◽  
MARTTI PULLIAINEN ◽  
JARMO KAHALA ◽  
SAMPO LUUKKAINEN
Keyword(s):  
Paper Industry ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Corrosion Monitoring ◽  
General Corrosion ◽  
High Solids ◽  
Passive Area

Black liquor high solids (about 80%) concentrators have often been found to suffer from aggressive corrosion. In particular, the first and second effect bodies are susceptible to corrosion attacks resulting in tube leaks and wall thinning, which limit the availability and lifetime of evaporator lines. Corrosion dynamics and construction materials have been studied extensively within the pulp and paper industry to understand the corrosion process. However, it has been challenging to identify root causes for corrosion, which has limited proactive measures to minimize corrosion damage. Corrosion of the first phase concentrator was studied by defining the potential regions for passive area, stress corrosion cracking, pitting corrosion, and general corrosion. This was achieved by using a technique called polarization scan that reveals ranges for the passive area in which the equipment is naturally protected against corrosion. The open circuit potential, also known as corrosion potential, and linear polarization resistance of the metal were monitored online, which allowed for definition of corrosion risks for stainless steel 304L and duplex stainless steels 2205 and SAF 2906. An online temperature measurement added insight to the analysis. A process diagnostics tool was used to identify root causes of the corrosion attacks. Many of the root causes were related to process conditions triggering corrosion. Once the metal surface was activated, it was difficult to repassivate the metal naturally unless a sufficient potential range was reached.

Preparation, Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of the Electrochromic Thin Films

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Lukaszewicz ◽  
A. Ravinski ◽  
I. Makoed
Keyword(s):  
Electrochromic Device ◽  
Orbital Method ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Electrochromic Devices ◽  
Energy Bands ◽  
Conducting Film ◽  
Recombination Probability ◽  
Transparent Conducting ◽  
Smoluchowski Equations

A new multilayer electrochromic device has been constructed according to the following pattern: glass1/ITO/WO3/gel electrolyte/BP/ITO/glass2, where ITO is a transparent conducting film made of indium and tin oxide and with the surface resistance equal 8–10 Ω/cm2 . The electrochromic devices obtained in the research are characterized by great (considerable) transmittance variation between coloration and bleaching state (25–40% at applied voltage of 1.5 to 3 V), and also high coloration efficiency (above 100 cm2 /C). Selfconsistent energy bands, dielectric permittivity and optical parameters are calculated using a full-potential linear muffin-tin orbital method. The numerical solution of the Debye-Smoluchowski equations is developed for simulating recombination probability of Li+ ions in amorphous electrolyte.

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