scholarly journals POS0559 SPECKLE TRACKING BETTER DETECTS SUBCLINICAL MYOCARDIAL DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 514.2-514
Author(s):  
I. Kirillova ◽  
T. Popkova ◽  
Y. Gorbunova ◽  
A. Volkov ◽  
E. Nasonov
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Speckle Tracking ◽  
Speckle Tracking Echocardiography ◽  
Myocardial Dysfunction ◽  
Tissue Doppler ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Esc Guidelines

Background:The risk of developing cardiovascular complications and death in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is 50% higher than in the total population. These clinical events depend from risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, chronic inflammation and inflammatory myocardial infiltration. А new method for detecting early myocardial dysfunction is echocardiography using speckle tracking echocardiography.Objectives:to determine the frequency of myocardial dysfunction (lower global longitudinal epicardial strain of left ventrical (LV), diastolic dysfunction of left ventricle (LVDD)) using standard and novel echocardiographic methods in patients (pts) with RA prior to therapy with bDMARDs, examine its relationship with markers of inflammation.Methods:a total of 28 pts with a valid diagnosis of RA (ACR/EULAR, 2010): 23 f (82%) /5 m (18%) were included, median (Me) age - 56 [interquartile range (IR) 34;65] years, Me RA duration-14,5 [IR 7;87] months; all pts with RA demonstrated a high disease activity (Me DAS28 6.06, [IR 5,4;6,6]), seropositive for IgM RF (88%) and/or ACCP (84%) without any experience of administration of bDMARDs. The control group consisted of 10 healthy subjects, which were matched by sex and age. All pts were assessed for traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease (ESC guidelines, 2011), echocardiography, tissue Doppler imaging, and the speckle tracking assessment of left ventricle longitudinal strain. DD was allocated according to the ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of heart failure (2018). Arterial hypertension was detected in 5 pts with RA.Results:In pts with RA LVDD was more often detected (8 (31%) vs 0%, p=0.05) than in controls. The values of E LV (0.77 [0.62;0.94] ms vs 1.25 [1.03;1.51] ms, p=0.0001) were lower than in control group. Speckle-tracking method detected lower global longitudinal epicardial strain (–16.5 [-18.9; -13.6]% vs –21.58 [-22.1;-20.4] %, p=0.0001). 17(61%) RA pts showed a decrease global longitudinal epicardial strain. There were no between-group differences in left ventricular ejection fraction, LV sizes, LV myocardial mass index in RA pts with controls. There were correlations between the global longitudinal epicardial strain and DAS28 (r=0,9, p<0,02), tender joint score (r=0,6, p<0,02), radiological stage (r=0,6, p<0,008); the presence of systemic manifestations (r=0,5, p<0,03).Conclusion:In pts with RA frequently (61%) were detected lower global longitudinal epicardial strain, which are associated with a high activity of the inflammatory process. Speckle-tracking echocardiography is better at detecting early myocardial dysfunction than tissue Doppler.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Cardiac Involvement in Patients Recovered From COVID-19 Identified Using Left Ventricular Longitudinal Strain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Darcy Cortez Caiado ◽  
Nathalia Caiado de Azevedo ◽  
Rafael R. C. Azevedo ◽  
Brasil R. Caiado
Keyword(s):  
Speckle Tracking ◽  
Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Cardiac Involvement ◽  
Speckle Tracking Echocardiography ◽  
Myocardial Dysfunction ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Myocardial Involvement

Abstract Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has been associated with subclinical myocardial dysfunction during its acute phase and a recurring pattern of reduced basal left ventricular longitudinal strain on speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) in hospitalized patients. But a question still remains unanswered: speckle tracking echocardiography might also be suitable to detect residual myocardial involvement after acute stage of COVID-19? Methods and results: We studied 100 patients recovered from COVID-19 with STE to evaluate global (GLS) and segmentar longitudinal strain (LS) and compared with a control group of 100 healthy individuals. STE was performed at a median of 130.35 +/- 76.06 days after COVID-19 diagnostic. Demographic and echocardiographic parameters are similar in both groups. Left ventricular ejection faction (LVEF) and GLS were normal in COVID-19 patients (66.20 +/- 1.98% and -19.51 +/- 2.87%, respectively). A reduction in mean LS for the basal segments was found in COVID-19 (16.48 +/- 5.41%) when compared to control group (19.09 +/- 4.31%) (p<0.001). Conclusion: The present study suggests that COVID-19 induced cardiac involvement could persist after recovery of the disease and may be detected by deformation abnormalities using STE. COVID-19 induced myocardial involvement often shows specific LV deformation patterns due to pronounced edema and/or myocardial damage in basal LV segments.

scholarly journals Speckle Tracking Echocardiography and All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality Risk in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 690-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Jahn ◽  
Rafael Kramann ◽  
Nikolaus Marx ◽  
Jürgen Floege ◽  
Michael Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Speckle Tracking ◽  
Speckle Tracking Echocardiography ◽  
Myocardial Dysfunction ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Background and Objectives: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit a highly increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. Subtle changes in left ventricular function can be detected by two-dimensional (2D) speckle tracking echocardiography (STE). This study investigated whether myocardial dysfunction detected by 2D STE may aid in CV and all-cause mortality risk assessment in patients with CKD stages 3 and 4. Method: A study group of 285 patients (CKD 3: 193 patients; CKD 4: 92 patients) and a healthy control group (34 participants) were included in the retrospective study. 2D STE values as well as early and late diastolic strain rates were measured in ventricular longitudinal, circumferential and radial directions. Patients’ CV and all-cause outcome was determined. Results: In the CKD group all measured longitudinal STE values and radial strain were significantly reduced compared to the control group. Cox proportional hazards regression revealed global longitudinal strain to predict CV and all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.15, 95% CI 1.06–1.25; p = 0.0008 and HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.04–1.14; p = 0.0003). After adjustment for sex, age, diabetes, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and preexisting CV disease, this association was maintained for CV mortality and all-cause mortality (HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.06–1.27; p = 0.0019 and HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.03–1.14; p = 0.0026, respectively). Conclusions: The present study shows that 2D STE detects reduced left ventricular myocardial function and allows the prediction of CV and all-cause mortality in patients at CKD stages 3 and 4.

Role of speckle tracking echocardiography in the assessment of post-repair left ventricular function in patients with late presentation of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 969-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gholamhosein Ajami ◽  
Mohammad R. Edraki ◽  
Ali R. Moarref ◽  
Ahmad A. Amirghofran ◽  
Mohammad Borzouee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Speckle Tracking ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Speckle Tracking Echocardiography ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Anomalous Origin ◽  
Control Group

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the left ventricular myocardial deformation and segmental myocardial dysfunction by speckle tracking echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging among the operated patients with anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. The study was conducted on 12 patients diagnosed with anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery, who had been operated upon between 2001 and 2013 at the medical centres of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. The mean age of the patients at the time of surgical correction was 12.6 years ranging from 6 months to 43 years, and the duration of postoperative follow-up was between 1 and 12 years. Comparison of the strain rate between the patients with acceptable ejection fraction and the control group by tissue Doppler imaging showed significant differences between the two groups regarding the lateral wall (p<0.001), but not the septal wall of the left ventricle (p=0.65). Moreover, the strain values by the speckle tracking method revealed significant differences between the patient and the control group regarding the global strain (p=0.016) and anterior, lateral, and posterior segments of the left ventricle. Although postoperative conventional echocardiography revealed normal global left ventricular function with acceptable ejection fraction, abnormal myocardial deformation of the variable segments of the left ventricle with regional and global myocardial dysfunction were well defined by speckle tracking echocardiography.

Studying of morphology and left ventricular function by conventional and speckle tracking echocardiography in football players

2019 ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Kien Duoc Vang ◽  
Anh Vu Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Doppler Imaging ◽  
Speckle Tracking ◽  
Circumferential Strain ◽  
Speckle Tracking Echocardiography ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Tissue Doppler ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective: Recent studies have showed that Tissue Doppler Imaging and Speckle Tracking Echocardiography can discover these changes at functional and structural cardiac in athletes at early stage, especially at the footballers. The purpose of this research was evaluated the structural and functional adaption of left ventricular in footballer by conventional and advanced echocardiography. Materials and methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of 30 footballers who have been trained over 2 years compared to 30 healthy candidate with the same ages. We carried out TM, 2D, STE. Echo machine was Philips Affinity 50CV with QLAB version 10.04 which can analyze online or offline. Result: In comparison with control group, IVSd, LVEDd, PWTd, LVM, LVMI (p = 0.001) was different from athlete group. Left ventricular adaption trended to eccentric hypertrophy and increased left ventricular mass index. A wave was decrease velocity and increased E/A, E/El’, E/E’s ratio. Base circumferential strain, apex circumferential strain, rotation and twist (10.12 ± 1.2) (°) athletes (7.42 ± 2.6) (°) control group with (p = 0.05), were more than control group. Conclusion: Conventional and advanced echocardiography can evaluate structural and functional left ventricular adaption in athletes. Especially, STE provided more data in myocardial deformation, rotation and twist so that it can discover these changes at athlete heart in early stages Key words: Athletes heart, Speckle Tracking Echocardiography, Tissue Doppler Imaging

FRI0058 THE IMPORTANCE OF SPECKLE TRACKING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN THE EVALUATION OF CARDIAC FUNCTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 605-606
Author(s):  
M. Ebik ◽  
N. Taştekin ◽  
M. Gürdoğan ◽  
M. Ebik ◽  
M. Birtane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Cardiac Dysfunction ◽  
Speckle Tracking ◽  
Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Speckle Tracking Echocardiography ◽  
Global Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Control Group

Background:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease that includes chronic, progressive joint arthritis and also has multi-systemic involvement. It is known that the acceleration of many cardiovascular diseases causing mortality and morbidity, especially atherosclerosis and heart failure, is increased in RA patients.Objectives:In this study, it was aimed to analyze the layer-specific (endocardial, transmural and epicardial) strain values obtained by speckle tracking echocardiography method in the determination of subclinical cardiac dysfunction in RA patients and to determine the correlation between anti cyclic citrullized peptide (Anti-CCP) titers, disease activity score (DAS-28), disease duration and strain values.Methods:This study was performed with 63 RA patients and 31 healthy participants. The patients were grouped as <5 years, 5-10 years and >10 years according to their disease duration. DAS28-CRP was used to determine disease activation. The standard assessment included complete serum concentration of C-reactive protein, Anti-CCP, Romatoid faktör (RF), N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and homocysteine. Endocardial, transmural and epicardial strain values were analyzed by M-mode, 2D, tissue doppler and speckle tracking echocardiography.Results:When the groups were compared in terms of laboratory data, NT-proBNP value of RA patients was higher than the control group (p=0.044), homocysteine level was similar (p>0.05). When the groups were compared in terms of conventional echocardiographic parameters, ejection fraction of the control group was similar (p>0.05). E/A and E/E’ ratios were found to be significantly different (p<0.001, p=0.015). When the groups were compared in GLS values obtained by speckle tracking echocardiography, endocardium, transmural and epicardium GLS values were lower in RA patients (p<0.05) (Table 1). As the disease duration increased, GLS values were found to be worse (p<0.05). There was a significant correlation between RA disease activity scores level and LV GLS value, increasing levels of disease activity was associated with worse LV GLS (r=0.583, p<0.01 and r=0.681, p<0.01 ve r=0.689, p<0.01 for endocardium, transmural and epicardium respectively. There was a significant correlation between anti-CCP, RF and LV GLS value, higher Anti-CCP and RF titers were associated with worse LV GLS (r=0.467, p<0.01 and r=0.509, p<0.01 and r=0.551, p<0.01) for endocardium, transmural and epicardium respectively.Table 1.Comparison of layer-specific GLS values of groups<55-10>10ControlpGLS endocardiumMean ± SD-23,98±1,84-23,29±1,59-21,71±1,93-24,95±0,73ˠ: 0,000β: 0,000ᶮ: 0,001GLS transmuralMean ± SD-21,78±1,71-21,20±1,66-19,85±1,50-22,98±1,17ˠ: 0,001ᵟ: 0,020†: 0,017ᶮ: 0,001β: 0,000GLS epicardiumMean ± SD-20,05±2,02-19,23±1,77-17,98±1,38-20,83±0,70ᵟ: 0,023β: 0,000ˠ: 0,000ᶮ: 0,001SS: Standard Deviation, ˣ: 1-2, ᵟ: 2-3, β: 3-4, ˠ: 1-3, †: 1-4, ᶮ: 2-4, GLS: Global longitudinal strainConclusion:The layer-specific global longitudinal strain values obtained by speckle tracking echocardiography were found to be decreased in RA patients. This study, which has been shown to decrease strain values before the reduction of ejection fraction values obtained by conventional methods, may be a guide for the clinician in early detection of cardiac dysfunction in RA patients with high DAS-28 score, long disease duration, high Anti-CCP and high RF titers.References:[1]Corrao S, Argano C, Pistone G, Messina S, Calvo L, Perticone F. Rheumatoid arthritis affects left ventricular mass: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Intern Med 2015;26(4): 259-67.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Evaluation of long-term cardiac side effects of anthracycline chemotherapy by conventional and non-conventional echocardiographic methods in childhood cancer survivors

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 904-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamer Yoldaş ◽  
Şule Yeşil ◽  
Selmin Karademir ◽  
Gürses Şahin ◽  
Utku Arman Örün ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Tissue Doppler Imaging ◽  
Speckle Tracking ◽  
Speckle Tracking Echocardiography ◽  
Childhood Cancer Survivors ◽  
Tissue Doppler ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Control Group

AbstractObjective:Anthracycline chemotherapeutic agents carry the well-recognised risk of cardiac toxicity. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term effect of anthracycline chemotherapy on the biventricular function in childhood cancer survivors using tissue Doppler imaging and two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography.Patients and Methods:The study included 45 survivors of childhood cancers and 50 healthy age-matched control patients. Cardiac function was prospectively studied with conventional echocardiography, tissue Doppler imaging, and speckle tracking echocardiography after completion of treatment. The same analysis was performed on matched controls.Results:There was no difference in age, gender, height, and weight between the study and control groups. The mean anthracycline dose was 240 ± 106 mg/m2 and the mean remission duration was 8.2 ± 5 years (1–20 years) in the study group. Conventional echocardiography showed similar ejection fraction, shortening fraction, and left ventricle end-diastolic diameter in both groups. Mitral lateral and septal tissue Doppler imaging showed normal but according to control group relatively sub-normal systolic and diastolic function in patient group. The global longitudinal and circumferential strain and strain rates were significantly lower in the patient group compared to control group. Correlation analysis revealed a negative and significant correlation between total anthracycline dose and global longitudinal and circumferential strain and strain rates.Conclusion:Sub-clinical systolic and diastolic dysfunction may not be detected by conventional echocardiographic methods which are frequently used in daily practice. Sub-clinical systolic and diastolic dysfunction may be detected more sensitively by echocardiographic method such as speckle tracking echocardiography in childhood cancer survivors.

Quantification of mechanical dyssynchrony in growth restricted fetuses and normal controls using speckle tracking echocardiography (STE)

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Krause ◽  
Mareike Möllers ◽  
Kerstin Hammer ◽  
Maria Karina Falkenberg ◽  
Ute Möllmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Speckle Tracking ◽  
Speckle Tracking Echocardiography ◽  
Myocardial Dysfunction ◽  
Mechanical Dyssynchrony ◽  
Intraobserver Reliability ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Role ◽  
Reliable Technique ◽  
Normal Controls

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate longitudinal mechanical dyssynchrony in normally grown fetuses by speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) and to compare longitudinal mechanical dyssynchrony in fetal growth restriction (FGR) with normal controls.Materials and methods:A prospective study was performed on 30 FGR and 62 normally grown fetuses, including 30 controls matched by gestational age, using STE and a transversal four-chamber view. Data analysis was carried out with a high frame rate of about 175 frames/s. Dyssynchrony was analyzed offline with QLab 9 (Philips Medical Systems, Andover, MA, USA) as time differences between peaks in strain of both ventricles and the septum. Inter- and intraventricular and intraseptal dyssynchrony were obtained and inter- and intraobserver reliability was analyzed.Results:Longitudinal mechanical dyssynchrony was feasible in all cases, with high inter- and intraobserver reliability. Levels of inter- and intraventricular dyssynchrony were higher in the FGR than in the control group.Conclusion:Speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) is a reliable technique for cardiac function assessment in the fetal heart. Interventricular dyssynchrony could be a potential parameter for early detection of subclinical myocardial dysfunction before other parameters demand intervention. The future clinical role of longitudinal mechanical dyssynchrony needs to be verified in larger studies and with a technique customized for prenatal echocardiography.

scholarly journals Features of speckle tracking echocardiography for diagnosis of myocardial dysfunction

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Olesia V. Gritsenko ◽  
Galina A. Chumakova ◽  
Elena V. Trubina
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Diastolic Dysfunction ◽  
Myocardial Fibrosis ◽  
Speckle Tracking ◽  
Myocardial Function ◽  
Speckle Tracking Echocardiography ◽  
Myocardial Dysfunction ◽  
Non Invasive

Despite the undoubted success in the diagnosis of heart failure using echocardiography, the issue of detecting diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle of the heart in the early stages remains insufficiently studied. The article describes a non-invasive ultrasound method for evaluating myocardial function, which allows early detection of left ventricle diastolic dysfunction due to myocardial fibrosis.

scholarly journals Early signs of myocardial dysfunction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis

The Clinician ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
L. I. Feiskhanova ◽  
D. I. Abdulganieva
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽  
Diastolic Dysfunction ◽  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Myocardial Dysfunction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Metalloproteinase 9

The objective of the study – identify early preclinical signs of myocardial dysfunction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis.Material and methods. We examined 142 people with verified rheumatic diseases. All patients were divided into 2 groups. The first group consisted of patients with rheumatoid arthritis – 95 people. The second group – patients with ankylosing spondylitis – 47 people. The control group included 70 practically healthy individuals. In addition to standard diagnostic tests, all patients underwent tissue dopplerography of the heart using the GE Vivid E9 ultrasound device using the two-dimensional deformation technique (speckle tracking) to assess the deformation and rate of myocardial deformation, as well as determining the level of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the blood serum.Results. Among patients with rheumatoid arthritis, diastolic dysfunction of both the left ventricle and both ventricles was more common than in the control group. The same pattern was observed in the group with ankylosing spondylitis. The calculation of the relative risk showed that the presence of rheumatoid arthritis in 4,42 times increases the risk of diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle in comparison with practically healthy people (CI 1,6–12,2). In individuals with rheumatoid arthritis also results in a deterioration of systolic function of both ventricles. The level of matrix metalloproteinase metalloproteinase-9 was highest and most often increased in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Among patients with rheumatoid arthritis, the average level of metalloproteinase-9 was low, but the incidence was higher than in the control group. The obtained results indicate that in these rheumatic diseases there is a marked degradation of the extracellular matrix components.Conclusion. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis are characterized by a deterioration in the diastolic function of the left ventricle or both ventricles simultaneously, which is accompanied by an increase in the level of metalloproteinase-9.

scholarly journals Left Ventricular Systolic Function Assessed by Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in Athletes with and without Left Ventricle Hypertrophy

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Żebrowska ◽  
Rafał Mikołajczyk ◽  
Zbigniew Waśkiewicz ◽  
Zbigniew Gąsior ◽  
Katarzyna Mizia-Stec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Speckle Tracking ◽  
Circumferential Strain ◽  
Speckle Tracking Echocardiography ◽  
Global Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physical Effort ◽  
Physiological Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽  
Basal Rotation

The aim of this study was to evaluate selected parameters of strain and rotation of the left ventricle (the basal rotation (BR) index, the basal circumferential strain (BCS) index, and the global longitudinal strain (GLS) of the left ventricle) in male athletes with physiological cardiac hypertrophy (LVH group), and athletes (non-LVH group) and non-athletes without hypertrophy (control group, CG). They were evaluated using transthoracic echocardiography and speckle tracking echocardiography before and after an incremental exercise test. The LVH group demonstrated lower BR at rest than the non-LVH group (p < 0.05) and the CG (p < 0.05). Physical effort had no effect on BR, nor was this effect different between groups (p > 0.05). There was a combined influence of LVH and physical effort on BR (F = 5.70; p < 0.05) and BCS (F = 4.97; p < 0.05), but no significant differences in BCS and GLS at rest between the groups. A higher BCS and lower GLS after exercise in the LVH group were demonstrated in comparison with the CG (p < 0.05). Left ventricular basal rotation as well as longitudinal and circumferential strains showed less of a difference between rest and after physical effort in subjects with significant myocardial hypertrophy. In conclusion, the obtained results may suggest that echocardiographic assessment of basal rotation and circumferential strain of the left ventricular can be important in predicting cardiac disorders caused by physical effort in individuals with physiological and pathological heart hypertrophy.

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