Anaphylaxis and other allergic reactions to food: a global challenge

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. e231425
Author(s):  
Antonio Jose Reyes ◽  
Amanda Sheena Hosein ◽  
Kanterpersad Ramcharan ◽  
Sean Perot
Keyword(s):  
Early Recognition ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Life Threatening

We describe a case of a biphasic anaphylactic reaction that occurred in a young woman soon after the ingestion of soy milk that led to her hospitalisation. Early recognition and appropriate treatment led to a successful outcome of this life-threatening condition. Challenges encountered in the care of this common illness are highlighted. There is a need for an increase in public awareness on dangerous allergic reactions caused by allergens present in food products in public use, thereby facilitating primary preventative measures to minimise its occurrence. Healthcare stakeholders need to implement measures of contemporary preventative medicine and efficient therapeutic protocols to safeguard the public welfare concerning this global health problem where appropriate interventions can reduce morbidity and mortality. Trial registration numbers NCT02991885 and NCT02851277.

Pyriform sinus rupture caused by blunt trauma

2020 ◽  
pp. 197140092097516
Author(s):  
Emil Jernstedt Barkovich ◽  
M Reza Taheri
Keyword(s):  
Blunt Trauma ◽  
Pyriform Sinus ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Cervical Trauma ◽  
Specific Location ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Pharyngeal Perforation ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Foreign Body Impaction

Hypopharyngeal perforation (HP) is a potentially life-threatening condition most associated with iatrogenic injury and foreign body impaction. Additionally, a number of cases of posterior HP have been reported following blunt cervical trauma. We present a case of a construction accident causing lateral hypopharyngeal rupture. Visceral perforation was initially diagnosed on computed tomography (CT) imaging and managed conservatively. We speculate this region may be particularly vulnerable to injury due to an anatomic transition in adjacent fascial support. A review of 29 prior cases suggests that this may be the first reported case of blunt trauma causing rupture of the pyriform sinus. However, significant heterogeneity exists in diagnostic approach. Radiography and CT are rapid, sensitive modalities for suggesting pharyngeal perforation, while fluoroscopy and endoscopy can better assess injury size and location and monitor resolution. Early radiologic recognition of hypopharyngeal injury is essential to initiate appropriate treatment. In certain cases, including our own, both the presence and specific location of perforation may be identified on initial CT images.

scholarly journals Spontaneous liver rupture in a pregnant woman associated with HELLP syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
T. M. Bunyatov ◽  
I. A. Kozlov ◽  
B. N. Gurmikov ◽  
Yu. A. Stepanova ◽  
V. S. Shirokov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hellp Syndrome ◽  
Similar Case ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Endovascular Embolization ◽  
Syndrome Patient ◽  
Liver Rupture ◽  
Right Hepatic Artery ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Life Threatening

Spontaneous liver rupture is rare and highly dangerous, life-threatening condition occurring in 1–2% of pregnant women with preeclampsia and eclampsia. There are more than 100 similar case reports in the literature. It is believed that liver rupture is caused by HELLP syndrome as one of the signs of preeclampsia. The results of surgical treatment is still unsatisfactory. Appropriate treatment strategy is absent because of rareness of this condition. It is presented case report of a woman with spontaneous liver rupture associated with HELLP syndrome. Patient underwent perihepatic tamponade, endovascular embolization of right hepatic artery followed by right-sided hemihepatectomy.

Alcohol Related Non-traumatic Rhabdomyolysis and Compartment Syndrome

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-34
Author(s):  
JPL Ong ◽  
◽  
LA Thomas ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Acute Renal Failure ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Compartment Syndrome ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Clinical Entity ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Renal Support

Rhabdomyolysis is a serious and life-threatening condition in which skeletal muscle is damaged, commonly resulting in acute renal failure. The causes of this clinical entity can be traumatic and non-traumatic. In the latter group, alcohol is the commonest cause. This report describes the case of a 25 year old man who presented with rhabdomyolysis leading to acute renal failure after an alcohol binge. He presented with painful legs and lower extremity compartment syndrome. The patient recovered with surgical fasciotomy and renal support. This case illustrates the importance of early recognition and treatment of alcohol related non-traumatic rhabdomyolysis and compartment syndrome.

Assessment and care of the patient with sepsis

2020 ◽  
pp. 225-257
Author(s):  
Kevin Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Assessment Framework ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Support Mechanisms ◽  
Sepsis And Septic Shock

There has been considerable recent focus on sepsis in both the clinical arena and within the general public to raise awareness of the importance of early recognition of this potentially life-threatening condition. The early recognition of sepsis by ward nurses can both reduce progression of this lethal disease and improve survival for patients in hospital. This chapter focuses on definitions of sepsis and septic shock, physiological changes associated with inflammatory and cardiovascular responses to sepsis, and a clinical assessment framework to guide practice. There is also a discussion of the use of scoring systems and how to escalate support mechanisms for patients with sepsis and septic shock.

Anaphylaxis in the OR—Causes, Recognition, and Treatment

2018 ◽  
pp. 199-206
Author(s):  
Surangama Sharma ◽  
Lovkesh Arora
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Operating Room ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Anaphylaxis in the operating room is a life-threatening condition that can evolve rapidly. As an anesthesiologist, it is important to understand the pathophysiology, diagnose the condition, recognize the inciting agent/agents, and manage it appropriately. It is equally important to confirm the diagnosis for preventing a catastrophic event from happening in future. This chapter defines anaphylaxis, discusses the clinical manifestations and most common causes, and describes ways it can be diagnosed. It also considers treatment and preventative measures. The chapter uses a case study of a 55-year-old female, weighing 85 kg and a body mass index of 36 with no other known comorbidities, who is scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

scholarly journals Spontaneous heterotopic pregnancy with tubal rupture

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 5148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spandana J. C. ◽  
Suresh S. Kanakannavar ◽  
Umashankar K. M. ◽  
Manuja N.
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Morbidity ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Heterotopic Pregnancy ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Intrauterine Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Maternal Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Ultrasound Assessment

Heterotopic pregnancy is the coexistence of intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) and extrauterine gestation. It is a rare and dangerous life-threatening condition that is difficult to diagnose and easily missed. The incidence in the general population is estimated to be 1 in 30,000. We report a case of a 24-year-old multigravida who was seen in the emergency department with a diagnosis of a ruptured ectopic pregnancy. A careful ultrasound assessment led to the diagnosis of a heterotopic pregnancy despite lack of any notable risk factors. Immediate surgical intervention with supportive measures resulted in a successful outcome. An obstetrician should keep in mind the occurrence of a heterotopic pregnancy while dealing with pregnant females. It also demonstrates that early diagnosis is essential in order to salvage the intrauterine pregnancy and avoid maternal morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals A Rare and Fatal Complication of a Self-Limiting Infection: A Case Report on Dengue Associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-95
Author(s):  
Alvin Oliver Payus ◽  
Cheong Lei Wah ◽  
Syahrul Sazliyana Shaharir
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Intravenous Methylprednisolone ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Life Threatening

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening medical condition characterized by hyperphagocytosis secondary to an inappropriate over-activation of macrophages and lymphocytes that driven by excessive cytokines production which resulted in cellular destructions. It can arise de novo as a result of an autosomal recessive genetic disorder, or in the background of an infection, malignancy or autoimmune disease. Dengue fever is one of the uncommon causes of infection related secondary HLH. Here, we present a case of a Dengue associated HLH which was successfully treated with intravenous methylprednisolone and immunoglobulin G. In conclusion, the purpose of this case report is to illustrate the importance of early recognition and prompt initiation of the appropriate treatment for HLH suspected patient whom otherwise has high mortality rate. Bangladesh J Medicine July 2019; 30(2) : 93-95

scholarly journals Spontaneous psoas abscess: presenting with phlegmasia cerulea dolens

2011 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. e15-e16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagwinder Dhaliwal ◽  
Ajanta Jayatunga
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Complete Resolution ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Psoas Abscess ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Phlegmasia Cerulea Dolens

Phlegmasia cerulea dolens (PCD) is a limb-threatening venous disorder involving massive proximal venous thrombosis. The clinical manifestations are of oedema, cyanosis and pain of lower extremity. Patients presenting with PCD have an underlying pathological condition that predisposes to the thrombotic process. We report a diabetic patient who presented with PCD and septicaemia due to a spontaneous psoas abscess. Anticoagulation with heparin and treatment of the underlying psoas abscess led to complete resolution of symptoms. An understanding of the underlying pathological process responsible is vital to early recognition and successful outcome in this rare limb- and life-threatening venous disorder.

scholarly journals Acute Aortic Dissection Mimicking STEMI in the Catheterization Laboratory: Early Recognition Is Mandatory

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Alessio Arrivi ◽  
Gaetano Tanzilli ◽  
Paolo Emilio Puddu ◽  
Giovanni Truscelli ◽  
Marcello Dominici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Dissection ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Type A ◽  
Type A Aortic Dissection ◽  
Catheterization Laboratory ◽  
Arterial Complication ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
Pathophysiologic Mechanisms

Coronary malperfusion due to type A aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition where timely recognition and treatment are mandatory. A 77-year-old woman underwent an acute evolving type A aortic dissection mimicking acute myocardial infarction. Two pathophysiologic mechanisms are discussed: either thrombosis migrating from a previously treated giant aneurism of proximal left anterior descending or a local arterial complication due to left main stenting. Recognition of these occurrences in the catheterization laboratory is important to look immediately for surgery.

scholarly journals Maternal and foetal outcome of eclampsia in a referral hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1021
Author(s):  
Mousumi Das Ghosh ◽  
Vinita Singh ◽  
Alokananda Ray
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Ventilatory Support ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Foetal Mortality ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Foetal Outcome

Background: Eclampsia is a life-threatening condition, common in developing countries with high fatality rate. It is a cause of maternal and foetal mortality and morbidity. The aim of the study is to determine the maternal and foetal outcome in Tata Main Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India.Methods: All cases of eclampsia were analysed from January 2012 to December 2014 from admission to discharge or death of the patient.  Age, parity, antenatal care, interval between attack and admission, blood pressure on admission, gestational age and mode of delivery were  taken into account. There were 135 cases of eclampsia out of 14572 deliveries. Only singleton pregnancies were analysed.Results: The incidence of antepartum eclampsia was 84.4%, intrapartum 3% and postpartum 12.5 %. 83% patients were primigravida, 33% less than 20 yrs,42% had no antenatal checkup and 45% had < 4 visits. Only 15% patients received magnesium sulphate before referral to the hospital. There were four maternal deaths and twenty-one perinatal deaths. Eleven patients needed ventilatory support, four developed pulmonary oedema,  two patients had respiratory depression and three patients had renal failure.Conclusions: Hypertensive disease in pregnancy requires proper antenatal care, early recognition and referral, adequate treatment and timely delivery.

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