Denosumab and bisphosphonate associated bilateral osteonecrosis of the external auditory canal

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. e241203
Author(s):  
Harry David True ◽  
Rupert George Ricks ◽  
Joel Anthony Smith
Keyword(s):  
External Auditory Canal ◽  
Otitis Externa ◽  
Bisphosphonate Therapy ◽  
Severe Osteoporosis ◽  
First Case ◽  
History Of ◽  
Loss Of Hearing ◽  
Destructive Osteoarthritis

We present a case of non-surgically managed bilateral osteonecrosis of the external auditory canal with a history of long-term medical therapy for osteoporosis. A 79-year-old woman with severe osteoporosis and destructive osteoarthritis received >10 years of once weekly bisphosphonate therapy before switching to denosumab. Four months later, the patient presented with bilateral loss of hearing and right-sided otalgia. Necrotising otitis externa, cholesteatoma and malignancy were considered but with histology, microbiological and CT assessment, bilateral osteonecrosis of the external auditory canal was diagnosed. Surgical debridement with canalplasty was avoided due to our patient’s comorbidities. Treatment continued for 5 months with regular aural toilet, Terra-Cortril ointment and bismuth-iodine-paraffin paste packing. At 1-year follow-up, bilateral external auditory canals were completely re-epithelialised with no pain or affected hearing. We report the first case of bilateral osteonecrosis of the external auditory canal associated with denosumab and bisphosphonates with successful conservative management.

Primary medulla oblongata teratomas

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Li ◽  
Shu-Yu Hao ◽  
Zhen Wu ◽  
Li-Wei Zhang ◽  
Jun-Ting Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Medulla Oblongata ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Mature Teratoma ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
First Case ◽  
Cystic Component ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
History Of

Medulla oblongata teratomas are rare. The authors report 2 new cases of teratomas that occurred exclusively in the medulla oblongata. The first case was in a 9-year-old boy who presented with a 6-month history of neck pain and repeated paroxysmal vomiting. Based on preoperative radiographic findings, the initial diagnosis was of an intraaxial medulla oblongata hemangioblastoma. Intraoperatively, the cystic component of the tumor was gray, gelatinous, and soft in consistency. The solid component was light pink, rubbery, and nodular in appearance, with an identifiable boundary. The lesion was completely removed. Histopathological investigation revealed a mature teratoma. Postoperatively, the patient was supported with ventilator assistance and received a tracheotomy, but died of intracranial infection. The second case was in a 10-year-old boy with intermittent headache for 1 month. Radiographs revealed an exophytic cystic and solid lesion with dorsal involvement of the medulla oblongata. The lesion was predominantly solid, pinkish gray, tenacious, and moderately vascularized, with clearly delineated surgical dissection planes. The histopathological examination confirmed a diagnosis of immature teratoma. Total resection was achieved, followed by postoperative chemotherapy. He was alive without recurrence of the lesion or symptoms at 59 months after surgery. Resection of medulla oblongata teratoma is challenging, with inherent surgical risks that are contingent on the tumor growth pattern. Teratomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of brainstem lesions. Chemotherapy has been suggested for immature teratomas. Long-term follow-up and larger studies of teratomas in unusual locations are required to improve practitioners' understanding of this disease's treatment and outcomes.

scholarly journals Clinical Characteristics of External Auditory Canal Cholesteatoma Associated with a History of Long-term Bisphosphonate Therapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 121 (6) ◽  
pp. 783-790
Author(s):  
Hiromi Kanazawa ◽  
Akihiro Shinnabe ◽  
Eri Takahashi ◽  
Mariya Masuda ◽  
Satoshi Tamii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
External Auditory Canal ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Bisphosphonate Therapy ◽  
History Of ◽  
External Auditory Canal Cholesteatoma

A novel management proposal for intrinsic brainstem neurenteric cysts: case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Agresta ◽  
Drahoslav Sokol ◽  
Chandrasekaran Kaliaperumal ◽  
Jothy Kandasamy ◽  
Pasquale Gallo
Keyword(s):  
Cyst Wall ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Interferon Α ◽  
First Case ◽  
Cystic Cavity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Swallowing Difficulty ◽  
Mri Study

Neurenteric cysts (NCs) are rare congenital lesions with epithelial mucin-secreting walls. They can occur anywhere along the neural axis, and an intrinsic midbrain cyst is extraordinary. Surgical management may pose a challenge due to the location of the lesion and adhesion of the cyst wall to the surrounding brainstem. The authors describe the first case of pediatric NC that was treated successfully with intracystic interferon-α (IFN-α).A 16-month-old baby girl presented with a 2-week history of progressive croup, vomiting, and swallowing difficulty. MRI revealed a 1.8-cm cystic intrinsic lesion in the pontomedullary region. She initially underwent posterior fossa craniotomy and drainage of the cyst under intraoperative neurophysiology monitoring. Three weeks following the procedure, her symptoms recurred, and follow-up MRI demonstrated cystic recurrence. She underwent repeat aspiration of the cyst and biopsy of the cyst wall, and INF-α-2b was injected into the cystic cavity. Her symptoms improved and completely resolved after 5 months. A 9-month follow-up brain MRI study showed complete resolution of the NC. Intracystic IFN-α injection after cystic content aspiration may be a safe treatment option for the management of intrinsic brainstem NCs. Long-term clinical and radiological follow-up is recommended.

The natural history of pituitary apoplexy: long term follow-up study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha Shaikh ◽  
Natasha Shrikrishnapalasuriyar ◽  
Giselle Sharaf ◽  
David Price ◽  
Maneesh Udiawar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Pituitary Apoplexy ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
History Of

Long-term systolic blood pressure and all-cause mortality in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: an analysis of the TOPCAT trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Huang ◽  
C Liu
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Preserved Ejection Fraction ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) at admission or discharge was associated with poor outcomes in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, the optimal long-term SBP for HFpEF was less clear. Purpose To examine the association of long-term SBP and all-cause mortality among patients with HFpEF. Methods We analyzed participants from the Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure with an Aldosterone Antagonist (TOPCAT) study. Participants had at least two SBP measurements of different times during the follow-up were included. Long-term SBP was defined as the average of all SBP measurements during the follow-up. We stratified participants into four groups according to long-term SBP: <120mmHg, ≥120mmHg and <130mmHg, ≥130mmHg and <140mmHg, ≥140mmHg. Multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all-cause mortality associated with SBP level. To assess for nonlinearity, we fitted restricted cubic spline models of long-term SBP. Sensitivity analyses were conducted by confining participants with history of hypertension or those with left ventricular ejection fraction≥50%. Results The 3338 participants had a mean (SD) age of 68.5 (9.6) years; 51.4% were women, and 89.3% were White. The median long-term SBP was 127.3 mmHg (IQR 121–134.2, range 77–180.7). Patients in the SBP of <120mmHg group were older age, less often female, less often current smoker, had higher estimated glomerular filtration rate, less often had history of hypertension, and more often had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and atrial fibrillation. After multivariable adjustment, long-term SBP of 120–130mmHg and 130–140mmHg was associated with a lower risk of mortality during a mean follow-up of 3.3 years (HR 0.65, 95% CI: 0.49–0.85, P=0.001; HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.50–0.88, P=0.004, respectively); long-term SBP of <120mmHg had similar risk of mortality (HR 1.03, 95% CI: 0.78–1.36, P=0.836), compared with long-term SBP of ≥140mmHg. Findings from restricted cubic spline analysis demonstrate that there was J-shaped association between long-term SBP and all-cause mortality (P=0.02). These association was essentially unchanged in sensitivity analysis. Conclusions Among patients with HFpEF, long-term SBP showed a J-shaped pattern with all-cause mortality and a range of 120–140 mmHg was significantly associated with better outcomes. Future randomized controlled trials need to evaluate optimal long-term SBP goal in patients with HFpEF. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Foundation. Main funding source(s): China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Grant (2019M660229 and 2019TQ0380)

scholarly journals Impact of atrial fibrillation pattern on outcomes after left atrial appendage closure: lessons from the prospective LAARGE registry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinwan Kany ◽  
Johannes Brachmann ◽  
Thorsten Lewalter ◽  
Ibrahim Akin ◽  
Horst Sievert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Left Atrial Appendage ◽  
Systemic Embolism ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

Abstract Background Non-paroxysmal (NPAF) forms of atrial fibrillation (AF) have been reported to be associated with an increased risk for systemic embolism or death. Methods Comparison of procedural details and long-term outcomes in patients (pts) with paroxysmal AF (PAF) against controls with NPAF in the prospective, multicentre observational registry of patients undergoing LAAC (LAARGE). Results A total of 638 pts (PAF 274 pts, NPAF 364 pts) were enrolled. In both groups, a history of PVI was rare (4.0% vs 1.6%, p = 0.066). The total CHA2DS2-VASc score was lower in the PAF group (4.4 ± 1.5 vs 4.6 ± 1.5, p = 0.033), while HAS-BLED score (3.8 ± 1.1 vs 3.9 ± 1.1, p = 0.40) was comparable. The rate of successful implantation was equally high (97.4% vs 97.8%, p = 0.77). In the three-month echo follow-up, LA thrombi (2.1% vs 7.3%, p = 0.12) and peridevice leak > 5 mm (0.0% vs 7.1%, p = 0.53) were numerically higher in the NPAF group. Overall, in-hospital complications occurred in 15.0% of the PAF cohort and 10.7% of the NPAF cohort (p = 0.12). In the one-year follow-up, unadjusted mortality (8.4% vs 14.0%, p = 0.039) and combined outcome of death, stroke and systemic embolism (8.8% vs 15.1%, p = 0.022) were significantly higher in the NPAF cohort. After adjusting for CHA2DS2-VASc and previous bleeding, NPAF was associated with increased death/stroke/systemic embolism (HR 1.67, 95% CI 1.02–2.72, p = 0.041). Conclusion Atrial fibrillation type did not impair periprocedural safety or in-hospital MACE patients undergoing LAAC. However, after one year, NPAF was associated with higher mortality. Graphic abstract

Infective endocarditis in patients who use IV drugs: a single centre cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Alraddadi ◽  
A Alsagheir ◽  
S Gao ◽  
K An ◽  
H Hronyecz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Replacement Surgery ◽  
Short Term Mortality ◽  
History Of ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Baseline Characteristics

Abstract Background Managing endocarditis in intravenous drug use (IVDU) patients is challenging: unless patients successfully quit IVDU, the risk of re-infection is high. Clinicians often raise concerns with ethical and resource allocation principles when considering valve replacement surgery in this patient population. To help inform practice, we sought to determine the long-term outcomes of IVDU patients with endocarditis who underwent valve surgery in our center. Method After research ethics board approval, infective endocarditis cases managed surgically at our General Hospital between 2009 and 2018 were identified through the Cardiac Care Network. We reviewed patients' charts and included those with a history of IVDU in this study. We abstracted data on baseline characteristics, peri-operative course, short- and long-term outcomes. We report results using descriptive statistics. Results We identified 124 IVDU patients with surgically managed endocarditis. Mean age was 37 years (SD 11), 61% were females and 8% had redo surgery. During admission, 45% (n=56) of the patients had an embolic event: 63% pulmonary, 30% cerebral, 18% peripheral and 11% mesenteric. Causative organisms included Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus Aureus (51%, n=63), Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (15%, n=19), Streptococcus Viridans (2%, n=2), and others (31%, n=38). Emergency cardiac surgery was performed for 42% of patients (n=52). Most patients (84%) had single valve intervention: 53% tricuspid, 18% aortic and 13% mitral. Double valve interventions occurred in 15% (n=18). Overall, bioprosthetic replacement was most commonly chosen (79%, n=98). In-hospital mortality was 7% (n=8). Median length of stay in hospital was 13 days (IQR 8,21) and ICU 2 days (IQR 1,6). Mortality at longest available follow-up was 24% (n=30), with a median follow-up of 129 days (IQR 15,416). Valve reintervention rate was 11% (n=13) and readmission rate was 14% (n=17) at a median of 275 days (IQR 54,502). Conclusion Despite their critical condition, IVDU patients with endocarditis have good intra-hospital outcomes. Challenges occur after hospital discharge with loss of follow-up and high short-term mortality. IVDU relapse likely accounts for some of these issues. In-hospital and community comprehensive addiction management may improve these patients' outcomes beyond the surgical procedure. Annual rate 2009–2018 Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Dementia screening in elderly high-risk patients following heart failure decompensation may predict unfavorable long-term clinical outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Stepien ◽  
P Furczynska ◽  
M Zalewska ◽  
K Nowak ◽  
A Wlodarczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
Coronary Revascularization ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Risk Population ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Recently heart failure (HF) has been found to be a new dementia risk factor, nevertheless their relations in patients following HF decompensation remain unknown. Purpose We sought to investigate whether a screening diagnosis for dementia (SDD) in this high-risk population may predict unfavorable long-term clinical outcomes. Methods 142 patients following HF decompensation requiring hospitalization were enrolled. Within a median time of 55 months all patients were screened for dementia with ALFI-MMSE scale whereas their compliance was assessed with the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale. Any incidents of myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), revascularization, HF hospitalization and bleedings during follow-up were collected. Results SDD was established in 37 patients (26%) based on the result of an ALFI-MMSE score of <17 points. By multivariate analysis the lower results of the ALFI-MMSE score were associated with a history of stroke/TIA (β=−0.29, P<0.001), peripheral arterial disease (PAD) (β=−0.20, P=0.011) and lower glomerular filtration rate (β=0.24, P=0.009). During the follow-up, patients with SDD were more often rehospitalized following HF decompensation (48.7% vs 28.6%, P=0.014) than patients without SDD, despite a similar level of compliance (P=0.25). Irrespective of stroke/TIA history, SDD independently increased the risk of rehospitalization due to HF decompensation (HR 2.22, 95% CI 1.23–4.01, P=0.007). Conclusions As shown for the first time in literature patients following decompensated HF, a history of stroke/TIA, PAD and impaired renal function independently influenced SDD. In this high-risk population, SDD was not associated with patients' compliance but irrespective of the stroke/TIA history it increased the risk of recurrent HF hospitalization. The survival free of rehospitalization Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

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