loss of hearing
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2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-66
Author(s):  
Alessandro Castiglione ◽  
Claes Möller

Usher syndrome (USH) is the most common genetic condition responsible for combined loss of hearing and vision. Balance disorders and bilateral vestibular areflexia are also observed in some cases. The syndrome was first described by Albrecht von Graefe in 1858, but later named by Charles Usher, who presented a large number of cases with hearing loss and retinopathy in 1914. USH has been grouped into three main clinical types: 1, 2, and 3, which are caused by mutations in different genes and are further divided into different subtypes. To date, nine causative genes have been identified and confirmed as responsible for the syndrome when mutated: MYO7A, USH1C, CDH23, PCDH15, and USH1G (SANS) for Usher type 1; USH2A, ADGRV1, and WHRN for Usher type 2; CLRN1 for Usher type 3. USH is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. Digenic, bi-allelic, and polygenic forms have also been reported, in addition to dominant or nonsyndromic forms of genetic mutations. This narrative review reports the causative forms, diagnosis, prognosis, epidemiology, rehabilitation, research, and new treatments of USH.


Author(s):  
Varun Agrawal ◽  
P. T. Deshmukh

Cerumen, sometimes known as "earwax," is a natural material that cleans, coats, and smooths the external auditory canal. It is the most common cause of ear canal obstruction. While cerumen blockage of the ear canal is usually painless, it can result in a variety of implications, for example, loss of hearing, tinnitus, overflowing, itching, otalgia, discharge, odour, and cough. Ear wax becomes a concern only when it causes hearing loss or other ear-related ailments. Cerumen build-up can arise for various causes, including an inability to self-clear, overproduction or underproduction of its essential components due to delayed skin movement, or mechanical difficulties such as usage of cotton buds or hearing aids. Wax can obstruct the understanding and view of the tympanic membrane and must be gone for investigative purposes or to take imprints before installing hearing support or creating earplugs. Cerumen impaction is usually innocuous; however, it might be associated with more significant symptoms. The removal of affected cerumen is typically regarded safe. However, as eardrum tear, canal laceration, and unsuccessful ear wax elimination. These dangers can be reduced by recognizing risky individuals and customising care measures to their specific needs. All common cerumen removal strategies are Cerumenolytics (ear wax emollient agents), irrigation, and manual elimination. It is also prudent not to interfere if asymptomatic individuals and tympanic membrane visualization are not required.


Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1699
Author(s):  
Xiang Chen ◽  
Yuwen Huang ◽  
Pan Gao ◽  
Yuexia Lv ◽  
Danna Jia ◽  
...  

Zebrafish is an excellent model for exploring the development of the inner ear. Its inner ear has similar functions to that of humans, specifically in the maintenance of hearing and balance. Mafba is a component of the Maf transcription factor family. It participates in multiple biological processes, but its role in inner-ear development remains poorly understood. In this study, we constructed a mafba knockout (mafba−/−) zebrafish model using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The mafba−/− mutant inner ear displayed severe impairments, such as enlarged otocysts, smaller or absent otoliths, and insensitivity to sound stimulation. The proliferation of p63+ epidermal stem cells and dlc+ ionocyte progenitors was inhibited in mafba−/− mutants. Moreover, the results showed that mafba deletion induces the apoptosis of differentiated K+-ATPase-rich (NR) cells and H+-ATPase-rich (HR) cells. The activation of p53 apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest resulted from DNA damage in the inner-ear region, providing a mechanism to account for the inner ear deficiencies. The loss of homeostasis resulting from disorders of ionocyte progenitors resulted in structural defects in the inner ear and, consequently, loss of hearing. In conclusion, the present study elucidated the function of ionic channel homeostasis and inner-ear development using a zebrafish Mafba model and clarified the possible physiological roles.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (43) ◽  
pp. 3676-3682
Author(s):  
Jayaprada Reddy Surakanti ◽  
Vikram Reddy Guntakandla ◽  
Preethi Raga ◽  
Vishwaja Uppalapati ◽  
Sai Praveena Kunaparaju ◽  
...  

BACKGROUND Dentists are liable to loss of hearing during dental treatment due to noise exposure. A study was carried out to determine whether or not dental professionals from the Department of Periodontics, Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics and Prosthodontics ought to cause hearing decrement with the aid of using continual excessive frequency sounds created by dental equipments. METHODS This study involved 38 dentists from the specialities of Periodontics, Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, and Prosthodontics who were subjected to noise during operating for 6 hours per day and 38 medical professionals who were matched served as a control group. Three audiometric examinations included an otoscopic exam; tympanometry and pure tone audiometry were performed by the participants. RESULTS According to the data, 15.8 % of dentists and 2.6 % of the control group suffered from loss of hearing. In the pure tone audiometry test, there was no substantial difference between the two groups; however, the qualitative analysis showed that the dentists' group had a greater percentage of hearing loss than their control counterparts. In the pure tone audiometry test, there was a statistically significant difference between the specialists from periodontics, conservative dentistry and endodontics, and prosthodontics (P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Noise from dental clinics has been shown to cause hearing problems, with the left ear being affected when compared to that of the right; again, these problems aren't serious. Dentists were common among noise-induced hearing impairment and periodontic specialists than conservative dentistry and endodontics, and prosthodontic specialists than the control group. KEY WORDS Dental Professionals, Long Term Exposure, Noise-Induced Hearing Loss, Pure Tone Audiometry.


2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-332
Author(s):  
Nasrin Yazdani ◽  
◽  
Mohsen Ahadi ◽  

Two sibling cases with a temperature-sensitive form of auditory neuropathy from a consanguineous marriage of Iranian descent have been described. They complained about the temporary loss of hearing and compromised speech comprehension after a slight fever or elevating the body temperature by vigorous exercises. A series of tests including brain MRI, pure-tone audiometry, speech audiometry in quiet and noise, tympanometry, reflexometry, TEOAEs, cochlear microphonic, and ABR were performed in a 24-hours interval at both febrile and afebrile states, and results are reported here. This report is the first example of temperature-sensitive auditory neuropathy in this geographical region.


Author(s):  
I.E. Kobylkin ◽  
S.S. Arzhanov

A fire of a mining dump truck increases the risk of tyre explosion. Mining equipment is extinguished by auxiliary mine rescue crew and mine rescuers who approach it at an unsafe distance. A tyre explosion creates a number of additional hazards that can lead to serious injury or loss of life. Studies indicate that such injuries primarily include barotrauma, eye and general bodily injuries caused by the impact of destroyed wheel elements. A methodology for calculating safe distances is required to ensure the safety of rescue work in open pit mines and quarries. The proposed methodology for estimating safe distances, which was developed based on conditions of a pressure vessel explosion, will reduce the risk of injuries to mine rescuers and members of auxiliary mine rescue crews. The use of existing protective equipment or development of new ones is justified by the presented analysis of injuries such as temporary loss of hearing, eardrum ruptures, brain contusions, loss of consciousness, internal injuries, dislocations, broken limbs and other types of injuries that are caused by tyre explosions.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Aziz Azizah Agustina ◽  
Galih Akbar Prabowo

Deafness is a disorder that occurs in the human sense of hearing. Loss of hearing function causes deaf people unable to hear and communicate verbally so that they experience delays in language development. Sign language is used by deaf people as a communication language. Sign language needs to be introduced by teachers of SLB Pertiwi Ponorogo to students with hearing impairments in order to get an agreement on the meaning of the signs used during communication. This research uses a descriptive type of research with a qualitative approach. The results of this study indicate the following: first, the communication carried out by the teacher in introducing sign language uses total communication by means of oral, written, pictures, signs, spelling, and lip-reading. Second, students gave a positive response indicated by a change in attitude following the cues displayed by the teacher. Students give negative responses indicated by emotional changes such as expressions of anger, confusion, silence, and even rejection from students. Third, the communication position in this study lies in the communicator, message, and communicant, namely the communication process barriers, physical barriers, and semantic barriers.


Author(s):  
Ajit Kawale

The main aim of Corona is transmission of disease from person to person, and it had also been declared as a global pandemic which has caused disaster in the respiratory system of more than five million people and killed more than half a billion people across the world. Patients surviving from Covid-19 have lower immunosuppressive CD4+ T and CD8+ T Cells. And most of the patients are in severe need of mechanical ventilation. This is the reason for a longer stay in hospital for a particular patient. Gradually, these patients have been discovered to develop fungal co-infection. This infection is deadly leading to loss of hearing, loss of sight and eventually death. The fungal infection is referred to as Mucormycosis, the black fungus. The causative agent for this infection is Mucormycotina which is a member of Mucorales. Mucormycotina usually habitats in soil and decaying organic matter. The infection of Mucormycotina is associated with a wide range of human diseases including arthritis, gastritis, renal disorders and pulmonary diseases. This infection is closely associated with the mucous layer of skin, precisely cutaneous layer. This infection is present in the nasal and upper respiratory tract. In the lower respiratory tract these infections are difficult to diagnose and treat due to the lack of precise methods. It was found those neutroponia patients are more prone to this infection. This is caused by extensive use of chemotherapy resulting in impaired immunity. In recent times, in the case of pulmonary Mucormycosis, necrotizing pneumonia is a major symptom. A combination of antifungal and antimicrobial agents is being used for a higher clinical recovery in the Mucormycosis case.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. e241203
Author(s):  
Harry David True ◽  
Rupert George Ricks ◽  
Joel Anthony Smith

We present a case of non-surgically managed bilateral osteonecrosis of the external auditory canal with a history of long-term medical therapy for osteoporosis. A 79-year-old woman with severe osteoporosis and destructive osteoarthritis received >10 years of once weekly bisphosphonate therapy before switching to denosumab. Four months later, the patient presented with bilateral loss of hearing and right-sided otalgia. Necrotising otitis externa, cholesteatoma and malignancy were considered but with histology, microbiological and CT assessment, bilateral osteonecrosis of the external auditory canal was diagnosed. Surgical debridement with canalplasty was avoided due to our patient’s comorbidities. Treatment continued for 5 months with regular aural toilet, Terra-Cortril ointment and bismuth-iodine-paraffin paste packing. At 1-year follow-up, bilateral external auditory canals were completely re-epithelialised with no pain or affected hearing. We report the first case of bilateral osteonecrosis of the external auditory canal associated with denosumab and bisphosphonates with successful conservative management.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 784-787
Author(s):  
Insha M. I. Ansari ◽  
Savita S. Angadi

Ear is a very important sensory organ of hearing. Loss of hearing has a very negative impact on one’s social, pro- fessional and personal life. According to WHO (1st March 2020), there are over 5% of the world’s population are suffering from hearing loss. It is estimated that by the year 2050, 1 in every 10 people will have hearing loss. There are many modern interventions which have been used nowadays like hearing aids, etc. But it is not possible for everyone to afford such treatment. To provide effective and alternative treatment for the betterment of society with simple and less expensive local administrative treatment with the help of Ayurvedic modalities i.e. Karnapoorana (instillation of medicated volatile oil into external auditory canal) of Bilwa Taila (Bilwa oil), Katu Taila (Katu oil), Arka (volatile oil), etc. Arkas are prepared by the combination of Jala (water) and Agni (fire) and it assimilates in the body very quickly, hence it can be used in the management of Badhirya (dwindle hearing). Considering all this, the study is planned for the Evaluation of Vacha Arka Karnapoorana in Badhirya W.S.R. To Sensory Neural Hear- ing Loss. Keywords: Sensorineural hearing loss, Vacha Arka, Badhirya, Karnapoorana.


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