Interventions recommended for myopia prevention and control among children and adolescents in China: a systematic review

In 2018, a consortium of government bodies in China led by the Ministry of Education released the Comprehensive Plan to Prevent Nearsightedness among Children and Teenagers (CPPNCT), aiming to reduce the incidence of myopia and control myopic progression in China. Recommendations span from home-based to school-based interventions, including time outdoors, physical activity, light exposure, near-work activity, screen time, Chinese eye exercises, diet and sleep. To date, the levels of evidence for this suite of interventions have not been thoroughly investigated. This review has summarised the evidence of the interventions recommended by the CPPNCT in myopia prevention and control. Thus, the following statements are supposed by the evidence: (1) Increasing time outdoors and reducing near-work time are effective in lowering incident myopia in school-aged children. (2) All interventions have a limited effect on myopia progression. Ongoing research may lead to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of myopia development, the interaction of different interventions and recommendations, confounding variables and their true effect on myopia prevention, and the identification of those most likely to respond to specific interventions. This field may also benefit from longer-term studies of the various interventions or strategies covered within this review article, to better understand the persistence of treatment effects over time and explore more novel approaches to myopia control.

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Longitudinal association between myopia and parental myopia and outdoor time among students in Wenzhou: a 2.5-year longitudinal cohort study

BMC Ophthalmology ◽

10.1186/s12886-020-01763-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dandan Jiang ◽

Haishuang Lin ◽

Chunchun Li ◽

Linjie Liu ◽

Haishao Xiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protective Factor ◽

First Grade ◽

Myopia Progression ◽

Work Activity ◽

Longitudinal Association ◽

History Of ◽

High Level ◽

Near Work ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background To evaluate the impact of parental myopia and outdoor time on myopia among students in Wenzhou. Methods We examined 1388 primary students from first grade to third grade in Wenzhou from September 2012 to March 2015. We performed noncycloplegic refractometry on each student every six months and axial length (AL) measurements every year. At the commencement of our study, children were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding near work activity and outdoor activity, whereas parents were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire regarding their background circumstances and their history of myopia. Results A total of 1294 students (93.2%) returned for follow-up examinations. Children with initial and final no myopia spent more time on outdoor activities than those with new onset myopia (1.92 vs. 1.81 h/d, p = 0.022), and elongation of AL in children with a high level (> 2.5 h/day) of outdoor time (0.22 ± 0.13 mm/Y) was less than those with a low level (≤ 1.5 h/day) of outdoor time (0.24 ± 0.14 mm/Y, p = 0.045). The proportion of rapid myopia progression (≤-0.5D/Y) was 16.7%, 20.2% and 31.5% among the children with no myopic parent, one myopic parent and two myopic parents, respectively (X2 = 28.076, p < 0.001), and the elongation of AL in children among different numbers of myopic parents was significantly different (p < 0.001). A high level of outdoor time was a protective factor for children with one myopic parent (HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.27–0.88; p = 0.018). Conclusions In this sample, parental myopia and outdoor time were associated with myopia in children. A high level of outdoor time was a protective factor for children with one myopic parent.

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Influence of sense of power on epidemic control policy compliance

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.10555 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (9) ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Ping Yuan ◽

Fanghui Ju ◽

Yuan Cheng ◽

Yanbin Liu

Keyword(s):

Prevention And Control ◽

Control Policy ◽

Epidemic Control ◽

Policy Compliance ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Power Perception ◽

And Control ◽

The Relationship ◽

Sense Of Power ◽

Inhibition Theory

Incidences of noncompliance with COVID-19 prevention and control policies have occurred worldwide, increasing the risk to public safety and making epidemic control more difficult. We applied the approach–inhibition theory of power perception to investigate the underlying mechanisms and boundary conditions of the relationship between individuals' power perception and their prevention and control policy compliance. This study collected data from 303 participants in 45 counties (districts) spanning one province in China. Results show that individuals' sense of power was negatively related to their prevention and control policy compliance, with risk perception mediating and group policy control moderating this relationship. The findings provide a reference for assessing the effectiveness and relevance of government epidemic prevention and control. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

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Risk Factors and Behaviours of Schoolchildren with Myopia in Taiwan

10.20944/preprints201910.0059.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Han-Chih Cheng ◽

Koyin Chang ◽

Elizabeth Shen ◽

Kai-Shin Luo ◽

Yung-Hsiang Ying

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Family Background ◽

Demographic Information ◽

Myopia Progression ◽

Work Activity ◽

Education Environment ◽

Regional Medical ◽

Clinical Records ◽

Near Work ◽

Vision Care

Importance: Because of the high prevalence of myopia in Taiwan, understanding the risk factors for its development and progression is important to public health. Background: This study investigated the risk factors for myopia and their influence on the progression of myopia in schoolchildren in Taiwan. Design: Patients’ clinical records were obtained retrospectively from ophthalmologists. Questionnaires were given to collect demographic information, family background, hours spent on daily activities, myopia progression, and treatment methods. Participants: A total of 522 schoolchildren with myopia from a regional medical hospital in northern Taiwan participated the study. Written informed consent was obtained from the participants of legal age or the parents or legal guardians. Methods: Multivariable regression analyses were performed. Myopia measured in dioptres was analysed, controlling for patients’ family and demographic information as well as their daily behaviours. Main Outcome Results: Children with high myopic parents were more myopic. Earlier onset age of myopia was associated with a higher level of myopia and greater annual myopic progression. Children reporting more near work activities had higher levels of myopia and greater progression of myopia. Lower levels of myopia were associated with more exercise, longer periods of sleep, and better vision care knowledge in children and parents. Intake of food supplements had no effect on myopia. Conclusions and Relevance: In addition to genetics, education, environment, and near work activity can influence the development of myopia. Health policies for schoolchildren should promote protective activities and vision care knowledge in order to protect the eyesight of schoolchildren.

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Research on the Network Teaching of Ideological and Political Theory Courses in Universities under the epidemic situation – Take Guangzhou Nanyang Polytechnic College as an example

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202018903033 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 189 ◽

pp. 03033

Author(s):

Li Yan

Keyword(s):

Political Theory ◽

Moral Education ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Online Course ◽

Ministry Of Education ◽

Xi Jinping ◽

Network Teaching ◽

Reform And Innovation ◽

And Control ◽

General Secretary

The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 is unprecedented in its scope and impact. Under the epidemic situation, the special “classroom” under the completely virtual state brought by the implementation of network teaching brings challenges and tests to the ideological and political theory course teaching in colleges and universities, and also provides an opportunity for reform and innovation. Ideological and political theory course is a key course for the implementation of moral education. In the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic, it plays a role in the publicity and education of college students and the guidance of public opinion. For the further implementation of xi jinping, general secretary of COVID 19 epidemic prevention and control of a series of important speech and the important instructions instructions spirit, and the Ministry of Education “closed on teaching, not suspended” requirements, our hospital rapid response, positive response, to carry out the ideological and political theory course network teaching boost war “epidemic” confidence, to ensure the successful completion of the teaching task. In this process, the author realized the shortcomings of our school’s horse academy in information literacy, high-quality online course construction and other aspects, and made clear the direction of reform and innovation.

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SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: A Threat to Global Health

Discoveries Reports ◽

10.15190/drep.2020.7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. e13

Author(s):

Otun Saha ◽

◽

Nadira Naznin Rakhi ◽

Afroza Sultana ◽

Md. Mahbubur Rahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Global Health ◽

Control Strategy ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Ongoing Research ◽

Future Studies ◽

The World ◽

One Year ◽

And Control

Since the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China, in December 2019, scientists across the globe have been working relentlessly on the causative agent, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Unfortunately, despite the ongoing research at the genomic level, as well as the immunological and the pathological aspects of SARS-CoV-2, our knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 is still in the primary stage, even after one year from the beginning of the outbreak. As a result, the world is adopting a public awareness-based prevention and control strategy, together with significant efforts in developing and distributing several vaccines. Thus, this review summarizes the understandings of this pandemic, which will in turn be helpful in dealing with SARS-CoV-2 and provide a reference for future studies.

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