Susceptibility to Peer Influence in Adolescents with Mild-to-Borderline Intellectual Disability: Investigating Links with Inhibition, Theory of Mind and Negative Interpretation Bias

Background: Adolescents with mild-to-borderline intellectual disability (MBID) may be more susceptible to peer influence than typically developing (TD) adolescents.Aims: This preregistered study compares adolescents with MBID and TD adolescents on their susceptibility to peer influence and investigates links with three potential underlying mechanisms: inhibition, Theory of Mind (ToM) and negative interpretation bias.Methods and Procedures: We assessed 163 adolescents (111 MBID, 52 TD; 14-19 years; 63% boys) using experimental tasks and self- and/or teacher-reports.Outcomes and Results: Adolescents with MBID and TD adolescents did not differ in their susceptibility to peer influence, inhibition and negative interpretations. On two of the four ToM instruments, adolescents with MBID showed weaker ToM than TD adolescents. In a structural equation model, tested in the MBID group, the latent factors inhibition, ToM and negative interpretation bias were not related to susceptibility to peer influence.Conclusions and Implications: Using a multimethod approach, a structural equation model, and a large sample, this study revealed new insights in adolescents with MBID: they did not differ from TD adolescents in many domains and their inhibition, ToM and negative interpretation bias were not linked to their susceptibility to peer influence.

Influence of sense of power on epidemic control policy compliance

Incidences of noncompliance with COVID-19 prevention and control policies have occurred worldwide, increasing the risk to public safety and making epidemic control more difficult. We applied the approach–inhibition theory of power perception to investigate the underlying mechanisms and boundary conditions of the relationship between individuals' power perception and their prevention and control policy compliance. This study collected data from 303 participants in 45 counties (districts) spanning one province in China. Results show that individuals' sense of power was negatively related to their prevention and control policy compliance, with risk perception mediating and group policy control moderating this relationship. The findings provide a reference for assessing the effectiveness and relevance of government epidemic prevention and control. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

Does CEO Power Backfire? The Impact of CEO Power on Corporate Strategic Change

In today’s dynamic economic environment, enterprises must maintain sensitivity and flexibility when responding to the market through continuous strategic change. Anchored in the approach–inhibition theory of power, this study explores the relationship between CEO power and corporate strategic change and examines the moderating effects of company underperformance and product market competition. The study uses data from all A-share listed companies in China during 2006–2017. The results indicate that first, there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between CEO power and corporate strategic change. Appropriate centralization of CEO power helps promote corporate strategic change, whereas excessive centralization hinders strategic change. Second, low underperformance strengthens the inverted U-shaped relationship between CEO power and strategic change. Finally, high product market competition strengthens the inverted U-shaped relationship between CEO power and strategic change.

A Multiverse Analysis of Early Attempts to Replicate Memory Suppression with the Think/No-think Task

In 2001, Anderson and Green (2001) showed memory suppression using a novel Think/No-think (TNT) task. When participants attempted to prevent studied words from entering awareness, they reported fewer of those words than baseline words in subsequent cued recall (i.e., suppression effect). The TNT literature contains predominantly positive findings and few null-results. Therefore we report unpublished replications conducted in the 2000s (N = 49; N = 36). As the features of the data obtained with the TNT task call for a variety of plausible solutions, we report parallel "universes" of data-analyses (i.e., multiverse analysis) testing the suppression effect. Two published studies (Wessel et al., 2005, N = 68; 2010, N = 80) were reanalysed in a similar fashion. For recall probed with studied cues (Same Probes, SP), some tests (sample 3) or all (samples 2 and 4) showed statistically significant suppression effects, whereas in sample 1, only one test showed significance. Recall probed with novel cues (Independent Probes, IP) predominantly rendered non-significant results. The absence of statistically significant IP suppression effects raises problems for inhibition theory and its implication that repression is a viable mechanism of forgetting. The pre-registration, materials, data, and code are publicly available (https://osf.io/qgcy5/).

Gearbox Fault Diagnosis Based on Selective Integrated Soft Competitive Learning Fuzzy Adaptive Resonance Theory

In this work, a soft competitive learning fuzzy adaptive resonance theory (SFART) diagnosis model based on multifeature domain selection for the single symptom domain and the single-target model is proposed. In order to solve the problem that the performance of traditional fuzzy ART (FART) is affected by the order of sample input, the similarity criterion of YU norm is introduced into the fuzzy ART network. In the meanwhile, the lateral inhibition theory is introduced to solve the wasteful problem of fuzzy ART mode node. By combining YU norm and lateral inhibition theory with fuzzy ART network, a soft competitive learning ART neural network diagnosis model that allows multiple mode nodes to learn simultaneously is designed. The feature parameters are extracted from the perspectives of time domain, frequency domain, time series model, wavelet analysis, and wavelet packet energy spectrum analysis, respectively. To further improve the diagnostic accuracy, the selective weighted majority voting method is integrated into the diagnosis model. Finally, the selected feature parameters are inputted to the integrated model to complete the fault classification and diagnosis. Finally, the proposed method is verified with a gearbox fault diagnosis test.

Social Exclusion and Conspicuous Consumption: The Moderating Effect of Power State

Drawing on the compensation motivation of consumption, and the power, approach, and inhibition theory, we proposed that power state would moderate the effect of social exclusion on conspicuous consumption. We conducted a study with 223 undergraduate student participants to test our hypotheses. Results showed that individuals in a low-power state were more prone to conspicuous consumption when they were in social exclusion than when they were socially included. In contrast, individuals in a high-power state did not exhibit any significant difference in terms of conspicuous consumption, whether or not they were socially excluded or included. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.