scholarly journals Self-rated walking pace and all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality: individual participant pooled analysis of 50 225 walkers from 11 population British cohorts

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 761-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Stamatakis ◽  
Paul Kelly ◽  
Tessa Strain ◽  
Elaine M Murtagh ◽  
Ding Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Physical Activity Intensity ◽  
Activity Intensity ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Background/objectivesWalking pace is associated with risk of premature mortality. However, whether this relationship is independent of total volume of physical activity and highest physical activity intensity remains unclear. We examined the associations between walking pace and cause-specific mortality, investigating the potential modifying effect of factors such as total physical activity volume, highest physical activity intensity, age, sex and body mass index (BMI).MethodsProspective pooled analysis of 11 population-based baseline surveys in England and Scotland between 1994 and2008 that were linked with mortality records. Multivariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models examined associations between walking pace (slow, average, brisk/fast) and all-cause, cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.Results50 225 walkers were entered in the core analyses. Among participants who did not experience an event in the first 2 years of follow-up (n=49 731), walking at an average or brisk/fast pace was associated with a reduced risk of all-cause (20% (95% CI 12% to 28%) and 24% (95% CI 13% to 33%), respectively) and CVD mortality (24% (95% CI 9% to 36%) and 21% (95% CI 1% to 38%), respectively), compared with reporting walking at a slow pace. In stratified analyses, such associations were evident among those over 50 years, those not meeting the physical activity recommendations and those who did not undertake vigorous-intensity activity. There were no interactions by sex or BMI. No associations were seen between pace and cancer mortality.ConclusionWalking benefits health. Assuming causality, these analyses suggest that increasing walking pace could reduce risk for all-cause and CVD mortality. Walking pace could be emphasised in public health messages, especially in situations when increase in walking volume or frequency is less feasible.

scholarly journals Association Between Change in Accelerometer-Measured and Self-Reported Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Disease in the Look AHEAD Trial

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Jakicic ◽  
Robert I. Berkowitz ◽  
Paula Bolin ◽  
George A. Bray ◽  
Jeanne M. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Look Ahead ◽  
The Look

OBJECTIVE: To conduct <i>post-hoc</i> secondary analysis examining the association between change in physical activity (PA), measured with self-report and accelerometry, from baseline to 1 and 4 years and cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes in the Look AHEAD Trial. <p>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Participants were adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes with PA data at baseline and year 1 or 4 (n = 1,978). Participants were randomized to diabetes support and education or intensive lifestyle intervention. Measures included accelerometry-measured moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), self-reported PA, and composite (morbidity and mortality) CVD outcomes.</p> <p>RESULTS: In pooled analyses of all participants, using Cox proportional hazards models, each 100 MET-min/wk increase in accelerometry-measured MVPA from baseline to 4 years was associated with decreased risk of the subsequent primary composite outcome of CVD. Results were consistent for changes in total MVPA [HR=0.97 (95% CI: 0.95, 0.99)] and MVPA accumulated in <u>></u>10-minute bouts [HR=0.95 (95% CI: 0.91, 0.98)], with a similar pattern for secondary CVD outcomes. Change in accelerometry-measured MVPA at 1 year and self-reported change in PA at 1 and 4 years were not associated with CVD outcomes.</p> <p>CONCLUSIONS: Increased accelerometry-measured MVPA from baseline to year 4 is associated with decreased risk of CVD outcomes. This suggests the need for long-term engagement in MVPA to reduce the risk of CVD in adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes.</p>

Abstract 17: Association of Race and Sex with Cardiovascular Disease and Non-Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: The REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel S Tajeu ◽  
Monika M Safford ◽  
George Howard ◽  
Rikki M Tanner ◽  
Paul Muntner
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Stroke Study ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Introduction: Black Americans have higher rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality compared with whites. Differences in sociodemographic, psychosocial, CVD, and other risk factors may explain increased mortality risk. Methods: We analyzed data from 29,015 REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study participants to determine factors that may explain the higher hazard ratio for CVD and non-CVD mortality in blacks compared with whites. Cause of death was adjudicated by trained investigators. Within age-sex sub-groups, we used Cox proportional hazards regression with progressive adjustment to estimate black:white hazard ratios. Results: Overall, 41.0% of participants were black, and 54.9% were women. Over a mean follow-up of 7.1 years (maximum 12.3 years), 5,299 participants died (1,797 CVD and 3,502 non-CVD deaths). Among participants < 65 years of age, the age and region adjusted black:white hazard ratio for CVD mortality was 2.28 (95% CI: 1.68-3.10) and 2.32 (95% CI: 1.80-3.00) for women and men, respectively, and for participants ≥ 65 was 1.54 (95% CI: 1.30-1.82) and 1.35 (95% CI: 1.16-1.57) for women and men, respectively ( Table ). The higher black:white hazard ratios for CVD mortality were no longer statistically significant after multivariable adjustment, with the largest attenuation occurring with sociodemographic and CVD risk factor adjustment. Among participants < 65 years of age, the age and region adjusted black:white hazard ratios for non-CVD mortality were 1.51 (95% CI: 1.24-1.85) and 1.76 (95% CI: 1.46-2.13) for women and men, respectively, and for participants ≥ 65 was 1.12 (95% CI: 1.00-1.26) and 1.34 (95% CI: 1.20-1.49) for women and men, respectively. The higher black:white hazard ratios for non-CVD mortality were attenuated after adjustment for sociodemographics. Conclusions: Black:white differences are larger for CVD than non-CVD causes of death. The increased CVD mortality for blacks compared with whites is primarily explained by sociodemographic and CVD risk factors.

scholarly journals Dietary Inflammatory Index Is Associated with Risk of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality but Not with Cancer Mortality in Middle-Aged and Older Japanese Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (8) ◽  
pp. 1451-1459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiko Okada ◽  
Toru Shirakawa ◽  
Nitin Shivappa ◽  
Kenji Wakai ◽  
Koji Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽  
Digestive Cancer ◽  
Inflammatory Index ◽  
Japanese Adults ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Total Cancer ◽  
Cvd Mortality

ABSTRACT Background The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) is a comprehensive, literature-derived index for assessing the effect of dietary constituents on inflammatory biomarkers. Several studies have shown an association between DII score and mortality, but there are limited prospective studies in Asian populations. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the association between DII score and risk of all-cause, total cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, coronary heart disease (CHD), total cancer, digestive cancer, and noncancer/non-CVD mortality in the Japanese population. Methods A total of 58,782 Japanese participants aged 40–79 y who were enrolled in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study during 1988–1990 were included in the analysis. DII scores were calculated based on a food-frequency questionnaire. HRs and 95% CIs for mortality according to DII quintiles were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. Results During the median follow-up period of 19.3 y, a total of 11,693 participants died. The multivariable HR for all-cause mortality for the highest compared with the lowest DII quintiles was 1.13 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.21). For CVD mortality, the highest multivariable HRs were 1.30 (95% CI: 1.13, 1.49), 1.29 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.59), and 1.30 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.76) for total CVD, stroke, and CHD, respectively. No significant associations were observed between DII and risk of total cancer, digestive cancer, and noncancer/non-CVD mortality. Conclusion Our findings suggest that a higher DII was associated with an increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality among Japanese adults.

scholarly journals Physical activity and risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality among kidney transplant recipients

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1436-1443
Author(s):  
Augustine W Kang ◽  
Andrew G Bostom ◽  
Hongseok Kim ◽  
Charles B Eaton ◽  
Reginald Gohh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Kidney Transplant Recipients ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Abstract Background Insufficient physical activity (PA) may increase the risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality among kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), but limited research is available. We examine the relationship between PA and the development of CVD events, CVD death and all-cause mortality among KTRs. Methods A total of 3050 KTRs enrolled in an international homocysteine-lowering randomized controlled trial were examined (38% female; mean age 51.8 ± 9.4 years; 75% white; 20% with prevalent CVD). PA was measured at baseline using a modified Yale Physical Activity Survey, divided into tertiles (T1, T2 and T3) from lowest to highest PA. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were used to graph the risk of events; Cox proportional hazards regression models examined the association of baseline PA levels with CVD events (e.g. stroke, myocardial infarction), CVD mortality and all-cause mortality over time. Results Participants were followed up to 2500 days (mean 3.7 ± 1.6 years). The cohort experienced 426 CVD events and 357 deaths. Fully adjusted models revealed that, compared to the lowest tertile of PA, the highest tertile experienced a significantly lower risk of CVD events {hazard ratio [HR] 0.76 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.59–0.98]}, CVD mortality [HR 0.58 (95% CI 0.35–0.96)] and all-cause mortality [HR 0.76 (95% CI 0.59–0.98)]. Results were similar in unadjusted models. Conclusions PA was associated with a reduced risk of CVD events and all-cause mortality among KTRs. These observed associations in a large, international sample, even when controlling for traditional CVD risk factors, indicate the potential importance of PA in reducing CVD and death among KTRs.

scholarly journals Physical activity attenuates the associations of systemic immune-inflammation index with total and cause-specific mortality among middle-aged and older populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Li ◽  
Xiulong Wu ◽  
Yansen Bai ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
Guyanan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Immune Inflammation ◽  
General Populations ◽  
High Level ◽  
Cvd Mortality

AbstractSystemic immune-inflammation index (SII) emerged as a biomarker of chronic inflammation and an independent prognostic factor for many cancers. We aimed to investigate the associations of SII level with total and cause-specific mortality risks in the general populations, and the potential modification effects of lifestyle-related factors on the above associations. In this study, we included 30,521 subjects from the Dongfeng-Tongji (DFTJ) cohort and 25,761 subjects from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2014. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the associations of SII with mortality from all-cause, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), cancer and other causes. In the DFTJ cohort, compared to subjects in the low SII subgroup, those within the middle and high SII subgroups had increased risks of total mortality [hazard ratio, HR (95% confidence interval, CI) = 1.12 (1.03–1.22) and 1.26 (1.16–1.36), respectively) and CVD mortality [HR (95%CI) = 1.36 (1.19–1.55) and 1.50 (1.32–1.71), respectively]; those within the high SII subgroup had a higher risk of other causes mortality [HR (95%CI) = 1.28 (1.09–1.49)]. In the NHANES 1999–2014, subjects in the high SII subgroup had higher risks of total, CVD, cancer and other causes mortality [HR (95%CI) = 1.38 (1.27–1.49), 1.33 (1.11–1.59), 1.22 (1.04–1.45) and 1.47 (1.32–1.63), respectively]. For subjects with a high level of SII, physical activity could attenuate a separate 30% and 32% risk of total and CVD mortality in the DFTJ cohort, and a separate 41% and 59% risk of total and CVD mortality in the NHANES 1999–2014. Our study suggested high SII level may increase total and CVD mortality in the general populations and physical activity exerted a beneficial effect on the above associations.

scholarly journals γ-Glutamyl Transferase Is Associated with Mortality Outcomes Independently of Fatty Liver

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 1173-1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki-Chul Sung ◽  
Seungho Ryu ◽  
Bum-Soo Kim ◽  
Eun Sun Cheong ◽  
Dong-il Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Adjusted Model ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Abstract BACKGROUND High serum enzyme activity levels of γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) are associated with increased risk of mortality, but whether this is mediated by fatty liver, as a common cause of high GGT levels, is uncertain. Our aim was to test whether GGT levels are associated with all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular (CVD) mortality, independently of fatty liver. METHODS In an occupational cohort (n = 278 419), causes of death (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision) were recorded over 7 years. Liver function tests and liver fat [measured by ultrasonographic standard criteria or fatty liver index (FLI)] were assessed at baseline. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs of all-cause, cancer, and CVD mortality for GGT quartiles (with lowest GGT quartile as reference). RESULTS There were 136, 167, 265, and 342 deaths across increasing GGT quartiles. After adjusting for liver fat (by ultrasound diagnosis) in the fully adjusted model, all-cause and cancer mortality were increased in the highest GGT quartile [HR 1.50 (95% CI 1.15–1.96) and 1.57 (1.05–2.35), respectively]. For CVD mortality, the hazard was attenuated: HR 1.35 (95% CI 0.72–2.56). After adjusting for FLI in the fully adjusted model, HRs for all-cause, cancer, and CVD mortality were 1.46 (0.72–2.56), 2.03 (1.02–4.03), and 1.16 (0.41,3.24), respectively. CONCLUSIONS There were similar hazards for all-cause and cancer mortality and attenuated hazards for CVD mortality for people in the highest GGT quartile, adjusting for fatty liver assessed by either ultrasound or FLI.

scholarly journals Excess Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in Diabetes: Can It Be Offset With Ideal Cardiovascular Health Trajectories?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bamba Gaye ◽  
Donald Lloyd-Jones ◽  
Eugenie Valentin ◽  
Joshua J Joseph ◽  
Xavier Jouven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Ideal Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Abstract Objective: To describe patterns of change in cardiovascular health (CVH) measured by the Life’s Simple 7 (LS7) over 6 years in participants with diabetes, and assess the association of these patterns of change with subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality.Methods: We conducted a long-term prospective cohort analysis (median follow-up 19 years) using the ARIC study, a community-based, biracial cohort with participants aged 45-64 years at baseline in 1987–1989. The LS7 metrics (smoking, body mass index, physical activity, diet, total cholesterol, blood glucose, and blood pressure) were collected at baseline and 6 years later. At both time points, participants were classified as low (0-2 ideal metrics), moderate (3-4), and favorable (5-7) CVH, and 6-year CVH change categories were created. Cox proportional hazards regressions were used to estimate the association between change categories and CVD and mortality. Results: The majority (62.2%) of participants with diabetes had a stable-low CVH at both visits, whereas 12.1% had stable-moderate and 0.4% stable-favorable, 14.9% improved, and 10.5% worsened. Compared to participants with stable-low CVH, CVD and mortality risk was lower for those who improved CVH 6 years later, or stable-moderate, or even high- or moderate-to-low CVH. This was driven by favorable changes in blood pressure, cholesterol, physical activity and smoking. Compared to participants free of diabetes with a stable-favorable CVH change, participants with diabetes had higher CVD and mortality risk regardless of their CVH trajectory. However, those with a favorable CVH trajectory displayed the same excess risk as participants without diabetes with stable-low CVH. Conclusions: Among individuals with diabetes, maintaining or reaching ideal levels of LS7 metrics can help reduce the excess CVD incidence and mortality. A favorable CVH trajectory in people with diabetes carried approximately the same excess CVD and mortality risk than an unfavorable CVH trajectory in people free of diabetes.

scholarly journals Association of dairy intake with all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease mortality in Japanese adults: a 25-year population-based cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukai Lu ◽  
Yumi Sugawara ◽  
Sanae Matsuyama ◽  
Akira Fukao ◽  
Ichiro Tsuji
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Dairy Intake ◽  
Japanese Adults ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
History Of ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Abstract Purpose The association between dairy intake and mortality remains uncertain, and evidence for the Japanese population is scarce. We aimed to investigate the association between dairy intake and all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in Japanese adults. Methods A total of 34,161 participants (16,565 men and 17,596 women) aged 40–64 years without a history of cancer, myocardial infarction, or stroke at baseline were included in the analysis, using data from the Miyagi Cohort Study initiated in 1990. Milk, yogurt, and cheese intake were obtained using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Total dairy intake was calculated as the sum of milk, yogurt, and cheese intake and then categorized by quartile. The outcomes were all-cause, cancer, and CVD mortality. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality risks. Results During 750,016 person-years of follow-up, the total number of deaths was 6498, including 2552 deaths due to cancer and 1693 deaths due to CVD. There was no association between total dairy intake and all-cause, cancer, and CVD mortality for both men and women. We also examined the associations between subgroup dairy products and mortality. For milk and yogurt intake, our results suggest null associations. However, cheese intake was modestly associated with lower all-cause mortality in women; compared with non-consumers, the multivariable HRs (95%CIs) were 0.89 (0.81–0.98) for 1–2 times/month, 0.88 (0.78–1.00) for 1–2 times/week, and 0.89 (0.74–1.07) for 3 times/week or almost daily (p trend = 0.016). Conclusion Dairy intake was not associated with mortality in Japanese adults, except for limited evidence showing a modest association between cheese intake and a lower all-cause mortality risk in women.

Do the associations of sedentary behaviour with cardiovascular disease mortality and cancer mortality differ by physical activity level? A systematic review and harmonised meta-analysis of data from 850 060 participants

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (14) ◽  
pp. 886-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf Ekelund ◽  
Wendy J Brown ◽  
Jostein Steene-Johannessen ◽  
Morten Wang Fagerland ◽  
Neville Owen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Viewing Time ◽  
Tv Viewing ◽  
Sedentary Behaviours ◽  
Cvd Mortality

ObjectiveTo examine whether the associations between sedentary behaviours (ie, daily sitting/TV-viewing time) and mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer differ by different levels of physical activity (PA).DesignHarmonised meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Data on exposure variables were harmonised according to a predefined protocol and categorised into four groups for sedentary behaviours and into quartiles of PA (MET-hour/week).Data sourcesPubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science, Sport Discus and Scopus.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesIndividual level data on both sedentary behaviours and PA and reported effect estimates for CVD or cancer mortality.ResultsNine studies (n=850 060; deaths=25 730) and eight studies (n=777 696; deaths=30 851) provided data on sitting time and CVD and cancer mortality, respectively. Five studies had data on TV-viewing time and CVD (n=458 127; deaths=13 230) and cancer (n=458 091; deaths=16 430) mortality. A dose–response association between sitting time (9%–32% higher risk; p for trend <0.001) and TV time (3%–59% higher risk; p for trend <0.001) with CVD mortality was observed in the ‘inactive’, lowest quartile of PA. Associations were less consistent in the second and third quartiles of PA, and there was no increased risk for CVD mortality with increasing sedentary behaviours in the most active quartile. Associations between sedentary behaviours and cancer mortality were generally weaker; 6%–21% higher risk with longer sitting time observed only in the lowest quartile of PA.ConclusionPA modifies the associations between sedentary behaviours and CVD and cancer mortality. These findings emphasise the importance of higher volumes of moderate and vigorous activity to reduce, or even eliminate these risks, especially for those who sit a lot in their daily lives.

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