scholarly journals Including the Nordic hamstring exercise in injury prevention programmes halves the rate of hamstring injuries: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 8459 athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (21) ◽  
pp. 1362-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicol van Dyk ◽  
Fearghal P Behan ◽  
Rod Whiteley
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Risk Ratio ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Hamstring Injuries ◽  
Prevention Programmes

Research questionDoes the Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) prevent hamstring injuries when included as part of an injury prevention intervention?DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesWe considered the population to be any athletes participating in any sporting activity, the intervention to be the NHE, the comparison to be usual training or other prevention programmes, which did not include the NHE, and the outcome to be the incidence or rate of hamstring injuries.AnalysisThe effect of including the NHE in injury prevention programmes compared with controls on hamstring injuries was assessed in 15 studies that reported the incidence across different sports and age groups in both women and men.Data sourcesMEDLINE via PubMed, CINAHL via Ebsco, and OpenGrey.ResultsThere is a reduction in the overall injury risk ratio of 0.49 (95% CI 0.32 to 0.74, p=0.0008) in favour of programmes including the NHE. Secondary analyses when pooling the eight randomised control studies demonstrated a small increase in the overall injury risk ratio 0.52 (95% CI 0.32 to 0.85, p=0.0008), still in favour of the NHE. Additionally, when studies with a high risk of bias were removed (n=8), there is an increase of 0.06 in the risk ratio to 0.55 (95% CI 0.34 to 0.89, p=0.006).ConclusionsProgrammes that include the NHE reduce hamstring injuries by up to 51%. The NHE essentially halves the rate of hamstring injuries across multiple sports in different athletes.Trial registration numberPROSPERO CRD42018106150.

scholarly journals Making football safer for women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of injury prevention programmes in 11 773 female football (soccer) players

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (18) ◽  
pp. 1089-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay M Crossley ◽  
Brooke E Patterson ◽  
Adam G Culvenor ◽  
Andrea M Bruder ◽  
Andrea B Mosler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Ankle Injuries ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Acl Injuries ◽  
Hamstring Injuries ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
Women's Football

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of injury prevention programmes on injury incidence in any women’s football code; explore relationships between training components and injury risk; and report injury incidence for women’s football.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesNine databases searched in August 2019.Eligibility criteriaRandomised controlled trials evaluating any injury prevention programme (eg, exercise, education, braces) were included. Study inclusion criteria were: ≥20 female football players in each study arm (any age, football code or participation level) and injury incidence reporting.ResultsTwelve studies, all in soccer, met inclusion criteria, with nine involving adolescent teams (aged <18 years). All studies (except one) had a high risk of bias. Eleven studies examined exercise-based programmes, with most (9/11) including multiple (≥2) training components (eg, strength, plyometric, balance exercises). Multicomponent exercise programmes reduced overall (any reported) injuries (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.73, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.91) and ACL injuries (IRR 0.55, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.92). For exercise-based strategies (single-component and multicomponent), hamstring injuries were also reduced (IRR 0.40, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.95). While exercise-based strategies resulted in less knee, ankle and hip/groin injuries, and the use of multiple training components was associated with greater reductions in overall and knee injuries, further studies would be required to increase the precision of these results. The incidence of overall injuries in women’s football was 3.4 per 1000 exposure hours; with ankle injuries most common.ConclusionIn women’s football, there is low-level evidence that multicomponent, exercise-based programmes reduce overall and ACL injuries by 27% and 45%, respectively.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018093527.

scholarly journals Leukodepleted Packed Red Blood Cells Transfusion in Patients Undergoing Major Cardiovascular Surgical Procedure: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Simancas-Racines ◽  
Ingrid Arevalo-Rodriguez ◽  
Gerard Urrutia ◽  
Diana Buitrago-Garcia ◽  
Solange Núñez-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Ratio ◽  
Surgical Procedure ◽  
Sequential Analysis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Trial Sequential Analysis ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Packed Red Blood Cells

Background. Leukocytes contained in the allogeneic packed red blood cell (PRBC) are the cause of certain adverse reactions associated with blood transfusion. Leukoreduction consists of eliminating leukocytes in all blood products below the established safety levels for any patient type. In this systematic review, we appraise the clinical effectiveness of allogeneic leukodepleted (LD) PRBC transfusion for preventing infections and death in patients undergoing major cardiovascular surgical procedures.Methods. We searched randomized controlled trials (RCT), enrolling patients undergoing a major cardiovascular surgical procedure and transfused with LD-PRBC. Data were extracted, and risk of bias was assessed according to Cochrane guidelines. In addition, trial sequential analysis (TSA) was used to assess the need of conducting additional trials. Quality of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach.Results. Seven studies met the eligibility criteria. Quality of the evidence was rated as moderate for both outcomes. The risk ratio for death from any cause comparing the LD-PRBC versus non-LD-PRBC group was 0.69 (CI 95% = 0.53 to 0.90;I2 = 0%). The risk ratio for infection in the same comparison groups was 0.77 (CI 95% = 0.66 to 0.91;I2 = 0%). TSA showed a conclusive result in this outcome.Conclusions. We found evidence that supports the routine use of leukodepletion in patients undergoing a major cardiovascular surgical procedure requiring PRBC transfusion to prevent death and infection. In the case of infection, the evidence should be considered sufficient and conclusive and hence indicated that further trials would not be required.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Hemorrhage in The Third Stage of Labor: A Systematic Review Protocol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria de Lourdes de Souza ◽  
Adalia Edna Fernando Chipindo ◽  
Eneida Patrícia Teixeira ◽  
Anna Carolina Raduenz Huf Souza ◽  
Rita de Cássia Teixeira Rangel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Maternal Death ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Assessment Development ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage Of Labor ◽  
Third Stage

Abstract BackgroundPostpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the most common form of obstetric hemorrhage. This is the main cause of maternal death around the world: the incidence varies among countries and accounts for 27% (in some countries, more than 50%) of direct obstetric maternal deaths, mainly in the postpartum period. Recognizing risk factors for PPH in prenatal care and during childbirth care is the first stage to prevent maternal death from PPH. The objective this review is: To identify the risk factors for hemorrhage in the third stage of labor described in the literature from 2000 to 2020. MethodsA protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis study was developed, supported by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) and, registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). The research question for conducting the review was structured according to the PEOS strategy (P — Populations/People/Patient/ Problem, E — Exposure (s), O — Outcome, S — Study design): P — women aged from 10 to 49 years, in labor; E — risk factors for hemorrhage in the third stage of labor; O — women with hemorrhage during birth and postpartum; S — observational studies (case control and cohort). Thus, the defined question was: what are the risk factors for hemorrhage in the third stage of labor described in the literature from 2000 to 2020? As for the planning of electronic searches, databases were consulted by using the platform of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel in Brazil (CAPES, as per its Portuguese acronym). Due to the characteristics of each database, specific search strategies were chosen for each database. After applying the eligibility criteria, the articles that are selected will have the quality of the evidence evaluated by applying the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE), with the online tool GRADEpro GDT.Discussion Prevention and control of hemorrhage must be initiated in the prenatal period, requiring competent professionals to carry out the appropriate clinical evaluation to classify the degree of risk to which the woman is exposed. This systematic review will support the studies of professionals who working in Angola and Brazil.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021219303

Scapular Dyskinesis Is Not an Isolated Risk Factor for Shoulder Injury in Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 036354652096850
Author(s):  
Campbell Hogan ◽  
Jo-Anne Corbett ◽  
Simon Ashton ◽  
Luke Perraton ◽  
Rachel Frame ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Risk Ratio ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Scapular Dyskinesis ◽  
Shoulder Injuries ◽  
Shoulder Injury

Background: Scapular dyskinesis has been considered a risk factor for athletic shoulder injury; however, findings in the prospective literature have demonstrated mixed results. Purpose: To determine if scapular dyskinesis increases the risk of shoulder injury in athletes. Study Design: Meta-analysis. Methods: A systematic search was conducted on the MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus, SPORTDiscus, and Embase databases to identify prospective studies examining scapular dyskinesis and shoulder injury risk in athletes. Studies were included if they assessed participants using a dynamic scapular assessment at baseline and monitored for the development of shoulder injury. Data from the studies were subject to meta-analysis using the Mantel-Haenszel method to produce a pooled risk ratio. Results: Seven studies were eligible for inclusion, resulting in 212 shoulder injuries observed across 923 athletes. Scapular dyskinesis was present in 46% of participants, and these athletes had an injury rate of 25%. The presence of scapular dyskinesis displayed a trend to increase the risk of shoulder injury, but this was not statistically significant (risk ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.85-1.34; P = .59). Conclusion: Scapular dyskinesis was not significantly associated with the development of shoulder injury in athletes. Registration: CRD42019133089 (PROSPERO).

Do Patients with Extrinsic Black Tooth Stains Have a Lower Dental Caries Experience? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 617-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Silva de Rezende ◽  
Thiago Fonseca-Silva ◽  
Clarissa Lopes Drumond ◽  
Maria Letícia Ramos-Jorge ◽  
Saul Martins Paiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale

Studies have suggested that individuals affected by extrinsic black tooth stains have less dental caries experience in comparison to those without this condition. The aim of the present study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether there is scientific evidence demonstrating that extrinsic black stains are a protective factor for the occurrence of dental caries. This systematic review was developed in accordance with the PRISMA statement and the research question was determined using the PECO strategy. Electronic searches were conducted in the PubMed, Science Direct, Virtual Health Library, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases for relevant articles published up to September 2018. All articles included were submitted to an appraisal of methodological quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the data were extracted for meta-analysis. The search strategy resulted in the retrieval of 9,108 publications. After the application of the eligibility criteria, 18 articles were selected for analysis, 13 of which were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis demonstrated that individuals with extrinsic black stains involving primary (median, MD: –0.78 [–1.09; –0.48]; I2 = 44%) and permanent (MD: –0.50 [–0.93; –0.08]; I2 = 86%) teeth have a lower dental caries experience in comparison to those without this condition. Patients with extrinsic black tooth stains have a lower dental caries experience in cross-sectional studies.

What are the risk factors for injuries and injury prevention strategies for skiers and snowboarders in terrain parks and half-pipes? A systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Audet ◽  
Brent E Hagel ◽  
Albertro Nettel-Aguirre ◽  
Tatum Mitra ◽  
Carolyn A Emery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Registration Number

ObjectiveTo synthesise the current evidence regarding the risk factors, the injury prevention strategies and the profile of injured skiers and snowboarders in terrain parks (TPs) and half-pipes (HPs).DesignSystematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines.Data sourcesLiterature searches from six electronic databases and manual searches were performed.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesInclusion criteria were: (1) publication based on original data; (2) injuries sustained in TPs or HPs; (3) recreational skiing or snowboarding injuries; (4) observational or experimental study design with a comparison group.ResultsNo study explored the risk factors in HPs or the prevention strategies in TPs or HPs. From the literature retrieved, there is strong evidence that skiing or snowboarding in a TP is a risk factor for head, neck, back and severe injuries. Two papers assessed the risk factors for injuries in TPs, mainly demonstrating that features promoting aerial manoeuvres or a large drop to the ground were associated with higher feature-specific injury rates. The profile of injured skiers and snowboarders in TPs described in the literature suggested some evidence of associations between factors including activity, sex, skill level, helmet use, age and TP injuries.Summary/conclusionsThis systematic review demonstrates the need for studies identifying the risk factors for injuries to skiers and snowboarders and on interventions to reduce the risk of injury in TPs and HPs. Studies addressing the issue of TP design should be considered.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42016045206.

scholarly journals Sustainability Recommendations and Practices in School Feeding: A Systematic Review

Foods ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Emanuele Batistela dos Santos ◽  
Dayanne da Costa Maynard ◽  
Renata Puppin Zandonadi ◽  
António Raposo ◽  
Raquel Braz Assunção Botelho
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Education For Sustainability ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
School Feeding ◽  
Sustainability Practices

Considering the importance of schools for sustainable food offers and the formation of conscientious citizens on sustainability, this systematic review aimed to verify the recommendations on sustainability in school feeding policies and the sustainability practices adopted in schools. The research question that guided this study is “what are the recommendations on sustainability in school feeding policies and the sustainability practices adopted in schools?”. This systematic review was prepared according to PRISMA, and its checklist was registered in PROSPERO. Specific search strategies for Scopus, Web of Science, Pubmed, Lilacs, Google Scholar, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global were developed. The included studies’ methodological quality was evaluated using the Meta-Analysis Statistical Assessment and Review Instrument (MASTARI). A total of 134 studies were selected for a full reading. Of these, 50 met the eligibility criteria and were included in the systematic review. Several sustainability practices were described. The most cited are school gardens and education activities for sustainability. However, actions carried out in food services were also mentioned, from the planning of menus and the purchase of raw materials (mainly local and organic foods, vegetarian/vegan menus) to the distribution of meals (reduction of organic and inorganic waste: composting, recycling, donating food, and portion sizes). Recommendations for purchasing sustainable food (organic, local, and seasonal), nutrition education focused on sustainability, and reducing food waste were frequent; this reinforces the need to stimulate managers’ view, in their most varied spheres, for the priority that should be given to this theme, so that education for sustainability is universally part of the curricula. The importance of education in enabling individuals to promote sustainable development is reaffirmed in Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4). The development of assessment instruments can help monitor the evolution of sustainable strategies at schools and the main barriers and potentialities related to their implementation.

Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection for the Treatment of Hamstring Injuries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis With Best-Worst Case Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 036354652091672
Author(s):  
Dexter Seow ◽  
Yoshiharu Shimozono ◽  
Tengku Nazim B. Tengku Yusof ◽  
Youichi Yasui ◽  
Andrew Massey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Risk Ratio ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Hamstring Injuries

Background: Hamstring injuries are common and account for considerable time lost to play in athletes. Platelet-rich plasma has potential as a means to accelerate healing of these injuries. Purpose: (1) To present the evidence of platelet-rich plasma injection in the treatment of hamstring injuries, (2) evaluate the “best-case scenario” in dichotomous outcomes, and (3) evaluate the “worst-case scenario” in dichotomous outcomes. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Two authors systematically reviewed the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, with any discrepancies resolved by mutual consensus. The level of evidence was assessed per the criteria of the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine and the quality of evidence by the Coleman Methodology Score. Meta-analysis by fixed effects models was used if heterogeneity was low ( I2 < 25%) and random effects models if heterogeneity was moderate to high ( I2≥ 25%). P values <.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 10 studies were included with 207 hamstring injuries in the platelet-rich plasma group and 149 in the control group. Random-effects model for mean time to return to play that compared platelet-rich plasma + physical therapy to physical therapy alone non-significantly favored platelet-rich plasma + physical therapy (mean difference, −5.67 days). The fixed effects model for reinjury rates, which also compared platelet-rich plasma + physical therapy with physical therapy alone nonsignificantly favored platelet-rich plasma + physical therapy (risk ratio, 0.88). The best-case scenario fixed effects model for reinjury rates nonsignificantly favored platelet-rich plasma + physical therapy (risk ratio, 0.82). The worst-case scenario fixed effects model for reinjury rates nonsignificantly favored physical therapy alone (risk ratio, 1.13). The mean ± SD complication rate for either postinjection discomfort, pain, or sciatic nerve irritation was 5.2% ± 2.9% (range, 2.7% to 9.1%). Conclusion: There has been statistically nonsignificant evidence to suggest that PRP injection ± PT reduced mean time to RTP or reinjury rates compared to no treatment or PT alone for hamstring injuries in a short-term follow-up. The complication profiles were favorable. Further studies of high quality and large cohorts are needed to better support or disprove the consensus of the systematic review and meta-analysis.

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