Preliminary Medical Education and the Medical Curriculum

BMJ ◽  
1890 ◽  
Vol 2 (1560) ◽  
pp. 1213-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Banks
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 237428952110102
Author(s):  
Susan A. Kirch ◽  
Moshe J. Sadofsky

Medical schooling, at least as structured in the United States and Canada, is commonly assembled intuitively or empirically to meet concrete goals. Despite a long history of scholarship in educational theory to address how people learn, this is rarely examined during medical curriculum design. We provide a historical perspective on educational theory–practice–philosophy and a tool to aid faculty in learning how to identify and use theory–practice–philosophy for the design of curriculum and instruction.


2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. JMECD.S17496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan J. Wisco ◽  
Stephanie Young ◽  
Paul Rabedeaux ◽  
Seth D. Lerner ◽  
Paul F. Wimmers ◽  
...  

A series of three annual surveys of David Geffen School of Medicine (DGSOM) at UCLA students and UCR/UCLA Thomas Haider Program in Biomedical Sciences students were administered from 2010 to 2012 to ascertain student perceptions of which anatomy pedagogy—prosection or dissection—was most valuable to them during the first year of preclinical medical education and for the entire medical school experience in general. Students were asked, “What value does gross anatomy education have in preclinical medical education?” We further asked the students who participated in both prosection and dissection pedagogies, “Would you have preferred an anatomy curriculum like the Summer Anatomy Dissection during your first year in medical school instead of prosection?” All students who responded to the survey viewed anatomy as a highly valued part of the medical curriculum, specifically referring to four major themes: Anatomy is (1) the basis for medical understanding, (2) part of the overall medical school experience, (3) a bridge to understanding pathology and physiology, and (4) the foundation for clinical skills. Students who participated in both prosection and dissection pedagogies surprisingly and overwhelmingly advocated for a prosection curriculum for the first year of medical school, not a dissection curriculum. Time efficiency was the dominant theme in survey responses from students who learned anatomy through prosection and then dissection. Students, regardless of whether interested in surgery/radiology or not, appreciated both pedagogies but commented that prosection was sufficient for learning basic anatomy, while dissection was a necessary experience in preparation for the anatomical medical specialties. This suggests that anatomy instruction should be integrated into the clinical years of medical education.


2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-64
Author(s):  
Lúcia Trindade da Silva Mairot ◽  
Beatriz Biasi Gin da Costa ◽  
Thaís Pedrosa Moraes Heringer ◽  
Raquel Camargos Borges ◽  
Eliane Perlatto Moura

RESUMO Introdução A introdução das artes no currículo médico tem despertado interesse crescente, uma vez que estas apresentam qualidades únicas que podem auxiliar no desenvolvimento dos aspectos sociais da prática médica, oferecendo maneiras novas e distintas de exploração do conhecimento e da identidade profissional. Objetivo Avaliar a eficácia da utilização das artes no currículo médico por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica. Metodologia As bases de dados Lilacs, SciELO, PubMed e Eric foram pesquisadas para artigos publicados sobre estudos que tentaram avaliar a eficácia de uma abordagem baseada em artes na educação médica de graduação. Outros artigos foram identificados por meio de busca ativa. Foram utilizados os seguintes descritores (art or visual arts or paintings or literature or narrative or poetry or theatre or movies or films or cinema) AND (medical education or medical student or medical curriculum). Foram incluídos somente os artigos cujo estudo foi realizado com estudantes de Medicina e cuja eficácia da intervenção foi avaliada por comparação entre grupos (estudos quantitativos) ou pela satisfação do estudante de Medicina por questionário (estudos qualitativos). Os artigos selecionados foram lidos na íntegra por dois pesquisadores, de modo a identificar o tipo de arte utilizada na intervenção, o autor, a amostra, a metodologia e a conclusão sobre a atividade relatada. Resultados Foram incluídos 28 artigos no estudo, distribuídos de acordo com o tipo de arte utilizada: (n = 16) artes visuais; (n = 6) literatura; (n = 3) teatro; (n = 3) cinema. As competências educacionais sensíveis às artes relatadas nos estudos avaliados foram: habilidades de observação diagnóstica, trabalho em equipe, reflexão e argumentação; facilitar o aprendizado cognitivo; aspectos humanísticos da medicina (empatia/relação médico-paciente); profissionalismo. Alguns estudos afirmam que as intervenções baseadas em artes são eficazes na alteração de atitudes, entretanto não definiram como esse sucesso foi medido. Nenhum estudo considera os efeitos sobre o comportamento. As evidências para o uso de intervenções baseadas em artes para promover habilidades de observação diagnóstica mostraram ser mais fortes. No entanto, seu efeito em outras habilidades clínicas não foi estudado. Conclusão A arte pode ser uma estratégia facilitadora do aprendizado, uma vez que auxilia o estudante a lidar com a complexidade do ser humano e da saúde humana. Este conhecimento mais amplo sobre a saúde e a doença pode levar à melhoria da relação médico-paciente na prática clínica. Entretanto, devido à natureza qualitativa da maioria dos estudos, baseados principalmente na opinião do estudante sobre as modificações ocorridas em suas atitudes, a eficácia das intervenções nem sempre foi efetivamente demonstrada.


2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Abbas ◽  
Utkarsh Ojha

UNSTRUCTURED “Not Just a Medical Student” is an innovative bite-size medical education video series founded and hosted on social media. Its primary aim is to inspire tomorrow’s doctors to be creative while engaging and informing them with the latest innovations, technology, and conferences within various specialties. To our knowledge, these themes are scarcely covered in the structured medical curriculum. Created and launched in August 2017, “Not Just a Medical Student” quickly gained traction; with over 1000 followers on Facebook and a rapidly increasing number of views, it reached the medical community across the globe. The video series features a trailblazer in virtual reality surgery and its potential impact on the evolution of medical education, reviewing future medical technology apps, such as Touch Surgery, and reporting on the latest medical education and health apps. The series engaged in topical medico-politics at the British Medical Association House and reported on global health issues and innovations at the Royal Society of Medicine Conference. The video series has further received several national awards including the Association and Study of Medical Education (ASME) Educator Innovator 2017 award, runner up to the Zeshan Qureshi Outstanding Contribution to Medical Education Award, and the Alternative Docs National Social Media Influencer award. The concept has been presented at international conferences (eg, the Healthcare Leadership Academy conference) and gained international recognition upon personal invitation at the Norwegian Annual Junior Doctors Conference. With the rise of the social media generation, innovative methods to inspire, engage, and inform students contributing to the continuous evolution of medical education should be encouraged and further explored.


2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Ayla Kurkcuoglu ◽  
Can Pelin ◽  
Ragiba Zagyapan ◽  
Ersin Ogus

Objetivos: La estandarización de la educación médica y programas centrados en la salida se han vuelto más importantes en los últimos años. Sin embargo, todavía no hay consenso sobre el lugar de las ciencias básicas en el mencionado concepto. A pesar que la importancia de la anatomía en la educación médica es  indiscutible, su lugar en el currículo médico todavía se está discutiendo ampliamente. Varios estudios y observaciones se han publicado hasta hoy sobre la educación anatómica básica. La mayoría de ellos reflejan las opiniones de los médicos clínicos o tutores médicos. El número de estudios de evaluación de la educación en anatomía en el pregrado, desde la perspectiva de los estudiantes de medicina, es limitado. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar las opiniones de los estudiantes de medicina en las clases de anatomía. Material y métodos: En este estudio, a 102 estudiantes de medicina que completaron la fase II de la educación en la Universidad de Baskent se les dio un cuestionario con 32 preguntas de tipo Likert preparados por los Departamentos de Anatomía y Medicina de la Educación, entre diciembre de 2012 y mayo de 2013. Las preguntas fueron dadas a los estudiantes en junio, justo antes de terminar el período de educación relacionado. Resultados y Conclusiones: Los estudiantes de medicina enfatizaron que entendían la importancia de la anatomía mucho después de haber terminado la educación de fase I cuando estaban tomando los cursos clínicos y mencionaron que el aporte de sus conocimientos de anatomía básica para su práctica clínica era débil. Los resultados del estudio indicaron que los estudiantes prefieren una educación integrada verticalmente, con orientación clínica e interactiva, y dieron más valor a la práctica de laboratorio en lugar de las conferencias clínicas. Objectives: Standardization of medical education and output-focused core programs has become more important in the recent years. However, still there is no consensus on the place of basic sciences in the aforementioned concept. Even though the importance of anatomy for a qualified medical education is indisputable, its place in medical curriculum is still being widely discussed. Several studies and comments have been published up to date on basic anatomy education. Most of these reflect the opinions of clinical doctors or medical tutors. The number of studies evaluating undergraduate anatomy education from the perspective of medical students is limited. The present study aims to evaluate the opinions of medical students on anatomy classes in medical education. Material and Methods: In this study, 102 medical students who completed phase II education in Baskent University were given a questionnaire containing 32 Likert’s type questions prepared by the Departments of Anatomy and Medical Education between December 2012 and May 2013.The questioner was given to the students in June just before the education of the related term was completed. Results and Conclusion: The medical students emphasized that they understood the importance of anatomy long after they had completed phase I education while they were taking the clinical courses, and they mentioned that the contribution of their basic anatomy knowledge to their clinical practice was weak. The results of the study indicated that students preferred a vertically integrated, clinically oriented and interactive education, and gave more value to laboratory practice rather than the clinical lectures. 


Author(s):  
Shaikh Arshiya Kaiser Husain ◽  
Anwaya R. Magare ◽  
Purushottam A. Giri ◽  
Vijaykumar S. Jadhav

Background: The aim of medical education is to produce competent, physically and mentally strong health professionals, as they are going to be the pillars of the future health care system. Stress is one of the most common and process-oriented obstacles in medical education. It often exerts a negative effect on the academic performance, physical health, and psychological well-being of the students. Dealing with overloaded medical curriculum, competing with peers, being away from home and meeting high expectations imposed by parents and society to excel is among the common stressful transitions at this stage.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out amongst 352 undergraduate medical students of a private medical college in a rural area of Maharashtra during April to October 2019. The structured questionnaire was used to record the data. Collected data was used to assess the severity of mental health issues among medical students.Results: Majority 194 (55.11%) students were in the age of 18 to 20 years followed by 141 (40.06%) were in 21 to 23 years. There were 196 (55.68%) girl students and 156 (44.32%) boys. According to the various categories, 80 (22.73%) of the students had low stress scores, followed by 76 (21.59%) in minimal. A highly significant difference in stress scores was seen between boys and girls, which was more in boys.Conclusions: Study concluded that undergraduate medical students perceive minimal to very high stress presented as various systems that vary with the year of study and gender wise too. There is a further need to look into the various causes of stress.


PEDIATRICS ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1045-1047

Althrough this book represents the official report of a British Medical Association, one would gather that it does not stem from a "survey" of medical education such as the study of pediatric departments conducted recently by the American Academy of Pediatrics, or that of schools of medicine now in progress under the auspices of the Association of American Medical Colleges and Council on Medical Education and Hospitals of the American Medical Association. At least, the book contains no mass of factual data such as is usually found in reports of this sort in the United States.


PEDIATRICS ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 687-695
Author(s):  
JOHN MCK. MITCHELL

THE position of science in the modern world has been aptly compared to that of the church in medieval times. Just as the manifestos of the church were then accepted without question, today the pronouncement that "it has been scientifically proved" is sufficient authority for the general public. In somewhat similar vein, a statement to the effect that medical education has not kept pace with the rapid changes in medical practice is accepted without critical analysis by many physicians and taken to mean that a sweeping revision of the entire medical curriculum is indicated. Is this position justifiable? Should we choose a new site, lay a new foundation and erect a new edifice to house medical education? Or is the old building structurally so sound that it would be better to modernize it from within? Can additions be made without spoiling the "lines" which are of such symmetry that they have been admired throughout the world? This is a question of great importance to which I will not attempt to give a categorical answer. On the other hand, there is no doubt that the present building is in urgent need of a thorough house cleaning, and that some remodeling is in order. It is the objective of this paper to offer suggestions for certain simple changes and additions which are needed now. Student Body We must face the fact that there is a wide variation in the level of instruction among the approximately 800 approved colleges in the United States. This is clearly attested by the great difference in the mean scores of students from the different colleges on the Medical College Admission Test.


Author(s):  
Barbara L. Joyce ◽  
Stephanie M. Swanberg

This chapter focuses on strategies for approaching competency-based medical education (CBME) in the undergraduate medical curriculum (UME). CBME uses national professional standards, typically set by accrediting bodies or professional organizations, to shape curricular design and assessment of learner outcomes as well as to provide clarity to the learner about the knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed for successful practice. Wiggins and McTighe's (2015) Backward Design instructional design model provides a practical structure for approaching CBME since it proposes beginning with the national standards, defining outcomes and assessment methods, and then developing curricular content. The chapter will describe the backward design model, the history of CBME in the United States, current issues with CBME, and use of an integrated curriculum to successfully implement CBME. It will culminate with a discussion of creating action plans for individual programs to align assessment and outcome measures more directly to curriculum.


2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabyasachi Sircar

Successive national initiatives in India to improve the medical curriculum are plagued by the lack of objective data that can help grade the existing quality of medical education. Without such quantitative data, which can be conveniently obtained through national exit exams, it is infructuous to embark upon curricular reforms. The results of the national exit exams must serve as a starting point for all subsequent reforms.


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