scholarly journals Association between maternal adherence to healthy lifestyle practices and risk of obesity in offspring: results from two prospective cohort studies of mother-child pairs in the United States

BMJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. k2486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klodian Dhana ◽  
Jess Haines ◽  
Gang Liu ◽  
Cuilin Zhang ◽  
Xiaobin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Lifestyle Practices

Abstract MP017: Television Viewing and Life Expectancy in the United States

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter T Katzmarzyk ◽  
I-Min Lee
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Television Viewing ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Introduction: Sedentary behaviors such as television viewing are ubiquitous in modern society. Several prospective studies have demonstrated an association between television viewing and incident obesity and type 2 diabetes as well as cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Hypothesis: We tested the null hypothesis that television viewing has no impact on life expectancy in the United States. Methods: A prevalence-based cause-deleted methodology was used to estimate the gains in life expectancy in the population that would be expected under current mortality patterns if television viewing was eliminated as a potential risk factor in the United States. The population attributable fraction (PAF, calculated using adjusted relative risk (RR) = ∑P(RR-1/RR)) was computed from the RR of all-cause mortality associated with television viewing (2–3.9 h and ≥4 h versus < 2 h) obtained from a meta-analysis of available prospective cohort studies, and the estimated case prevalence (P) of television viewing obtained from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005–06) and the prospective cohort studies. The resulting PAF was applied to mortality rates among 18+ year olds living in the United States and an abridged life table analysis was used to estimate the potential gains in life expectancy. Results: Three prospective cohort studies contributed data to the meta-analysis, yielding summary RR estimates for all-cause mortality of 1.17 (95% CI: 1.04 – 1.32) and 1.49 (95% CI: 1.22–1.82) for 2–3.9 h and ≥4 h of television viewing versus <2 h, respectively. The estimated case prevalences of television viewing in the U.S. population were 23.8%, 45.7% and 37.2% for <2 h, 2–3.9 h and ≥4 h of television viewing, respectively. The estimated gain in life expectancy in the US population associated with television viewing was 1.38 years. The lower and upper limits from a sensitivity analysis which involved simultaneously varying the estimates of RR (using the upper and lower bounds of the 95% CI) and the prevalence of television viewing (± 20%) were 0.48 years and 2.50 years. Conclusions: Reducing sedentary behaviors such as television viewing has the potential to increase life expectancy in the United States.

Association between Inflammatory Potential of Diet and Bladder Cancer Risk: Results of 3 United States Prospective Cohort Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 202 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Abufaraj ◽  
Fred K. Tabung ◽  
Shahrokh F. Shariat ◽  
Marco Moschini ◽  
Elizabeth Devore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Bladder Cancer Risk ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies

Association of Spicy Chilli Food Consumption With Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

Angiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 000331972199566
Author(s):  
Richard Ofori-Asenso ◽  
Mohammad Ali Mohsenpour ◽  
Mehran Nouri ◽  
Shiva Faghih ◽  
Danny Liew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disorders ◽  
The United States ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Spicy Food ◽  
All Cause Mortality

This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the association between spicy food (chilli pepper, chilli sauce, or chilli oil) consumption with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Medline and EMBASE were searched from their inception until February 2020 to identify relevant prospective cohort studies. Hazard ratios (HRs)/relative risk (RRs) were pooled via random-effect meta-analysis. Of the 4387 citations identified, 4 studies (from the United States, China, Italy, and Iran) were included in the meta-analysis. The included studies involved a total of 564 748 adults (aged ≥18 years; 51.2% female) followed over a median duration of 9.7 years. The pooled data suggested that compared with people who did not regularly consume spicy food (none/<1 d/wk), regular consumers of spicy food experienced a 12% (HR/RRpooled 0.88, 95% CI, 0.86-0.90; I 2 = 0%) lower risk of all-cause mortality. Moreover, spicy food consumption was associated with significant reduction in the risk of death from cardiac diseases (HR/RRpooled 0.82, 0.73-0.91; I 2 = 0%), but not from cerebrovascular disorders (HR/RRpooled 0.79, 0.53-1.17; I 2 = 72.2%). In conclusion, available epidemiological studies suggest that the consumption of spicy chilli food is associated with reduced risk of all-cause as well as heart disease–related mortality. Further studies in different populations are needed to confirm this association.

scholarly journals Definitions, regulations, and new frontiers for dietary fiber and whole grains

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Renee Korczak ◽  
Joanne L Slavin
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies

Abstract The aim of this article is to review the definitions and regulations for dietary fiber and whole grains worldwide and to discuss barriers to meeting recommended intake levels. Plant foods, such as whole grains, that are rich in dietary fiber are universally recommended in dietary guidance. Foods rich in dietary fiber are recommended for all, but dietary recommendations for whole grains and dietary fiber depend on definitions and regulations. Official recommendations for dietary fiber in the United States and Canada are denoted by dietary reference intakes (DRIs), which are developed by the Institute of Medicine. An adequate intake (AI) for dietary fiber was based on prospective cohort studies of dietary fiber intake and cardiovascular disease risk that found 14 grams of dietary fiber per 1000 kilocalories protected against cardiovascular disease (CVD). This value was used to set AIs for dietary fiber across the life cycle based on recommended calorie intakes. Actual intakes of dietary fiber are generally about half of the recommended levels. Recommendations for whole grain intake are equally challenging, as definitions for whole grain foods are needed to set recommendations. The 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommended that half of all grain servings be whole grains, but usual intakes are generally less than 1 serving per day, rather than the recommended 3 servings per day. Scientific support for whole grain recommendations is based on the same prospective cohort studies and links to CVD protection used to inform dietary fiber guidance. Thus, dietary fiber is a recommended nutrient and whole grains are a recommended dietary pattern in dietary guidance in North America and around the world. Challenges for attaining recommended intakes of dietary fiber and whole grains include low-carbohydrate diets, low-gluten diets, and public health recommendations to avoid processed foods.

scholarly journals A healthy lifestyle pattern and the risk of symptomatic gallstone disease: results from 2 prospective cohort studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 586-594
Author(s):  
Janine Wirth ◽  
Amit D Joshi ◽  
Mingyang Song ◽  
Dong Hoon Lee ◽  
Fred K Tabung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Gallstone Disease ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Symptomatic Gallstone Disease

ABSTRACT Background Symptomatic gallstones cause high financial and disease burden for public health systems. The combined role of diet and other lifestyle factors has not been studied so far. Objectives We aimed to investigate the association between an a priori defined healthy lifestyle score (HLS, including healthy diet, moderate alcohol and regular coffee intakes, never smoking, physical activity, and normal weight) and the risk of symptomatic gallstone disease, and to estimate the proportion of cases potentially preventable by lifestyle modification. Methods We followed 60,768 women from the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and 40,744 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS), both ongoing prospective cohort studies, from baseline (1986) until 2012. Symptomatic gallstone disease was self-reported and validated by review of medical records. The association between the HLS and the risk of symptomatic gallstone disease was investigated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results During 1,156,079 and 769,287 person-years of follow-up, respectively, 6946 women and 2513 men reported symptomatic gallstone disease. Comparing 6 with 0 points of the HLS, the multivariable HR of symptomatic gallstone disease was 0.26 (95% CI: 0.15, 0.45) for women, and 0.17 (95% CI: 0.07, 0.43) for men. For individual lifestyle factors, multivariable and mutually adjusted partial population attributable risks (women and men) were 33% and 23% for BMI &lt;25 kg/m2, 10% and 18% for ≥2 cups of coffee per day, 13% and 7% for moderate alcohol intake, 8% and 11% for a high Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010, 9% and 5% for being physically active, and 1% and 5% for never smoking. The full population attributable risk percentage for all factors combined was 62% and 74%, respectively. Conclusions Findings from these large prospective studies indicate that adopting a healthy lifestyle, especially maintaining a healthy weight, can help to prevent a considerable proportion of symptomatic gallstone diseases.

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