scholarly journals Systematic review and meta-analysis of the adolescent HIV continuum of care in South Africa: the Cresting Wave

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. e000004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian C Zanoni ◽  
Moherndran Archary ◽  
Sarah Buchan ◽  
Ingrid T Katz ◽  
Jessica E Haberer
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Continuum Of Care ◽  
Hiv Continuum Of Care

scholarly journals Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes in South Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5868
Author(s):  
Carmen Pheiffer ◽  
Victoria Pillay-van Wyk ◽  
Eunice Turawa ◽  
Naomi Levitt ◽  
Andre P. Kengne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Prevalence Data

Synthesis of existing prevalence data using rigorous systematic review methods is considered an effective strategy to generate representative and robust prevalence figures to inform health planning and policy. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify, collate, and synthesise all studies reporting the prevalence of total and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2DM), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in South Africa. Four databases, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and African Index Medicus were searched for articles published between January 1997 and June 2020. A total of 1886 articles were identified, of which 11 were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence in individuals 25 years and older was 15.25% (11.07–19.95%) for T2DM, 9.59% (5.82–14.17%) for IGT, 3.55% (0.38–9.61%) for IFG, and 8.29% (4.97–12.34%) for newly diagnosed T2DM. Although our pooled estimate may be imprecise due to significant heterogeneity across studies with regard to population group, age, gender, setting, diagnostic test, and study design, we provide evidence that the burden of glucose intolerance in South Africa is high. These factors contribute to the paucity of representative T2DM prevalence data. There is a need for well-designed epidemiological studies that use best-practice and standardised methods to assess prevalence.

scholarly journals Study protocol: Strengthening understanding of effective adherence strategies for first-line and second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in selected rural and urban communities in South Africa

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261107
Author(s):  
Siphamandla Bonga Gumede ◽  
John Benjamin Frank de Wit ◽  
Willem Daniel Francois Venter ◽  
Samanta Tresha Lalla-Edward
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Second Line ◽  
First Line

Multiple factors make adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) a complex process. This study aims to describe the barriers and facilitators to adherence for patients receiving first-line and second-line ART, identify different adherence strategies utilized and make recommendations for an improved adherence strategy. This mixed method parallel convergent study will be conducted in seven high volume public health facilities in Gauteng and one in Limpopo province in South Africa. The study consists of four phases; a retrospective secondary data analysis of a large cohort of patients on ART (using TIER.Net, an ART patient and data management system for recording and monitoring patients on ART and tuberculosis (TB)) from seven Johannesburg inner-city public health facilities (Gauteng province); a secondary data analysis of the Intensified Treatment Monitoring Accumulation (ITREMA) trial (a randomized control trial which ran from June 2015 to January 2019) conducted at the Ndlovu Medical Center (Limpopo province); in-depth interviews with people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLHIV) who are taking ART (in both urban and rural settings); and a systematic review of the impact of treatment adherence interventions for chronic conditions in sub-Saharan Africa. Data will be collected on demographics, socio-economic status, treatment support, retention in care status, disclosure, stigma, clinical markers (CD4 count and viral load (VL)), self-reported adherence information, intrapersonal, and interpersonal factors, community networks, and policy level factors. The systematic review will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) reporting and Population, Interventions, Comparisons and Outcomes (PICO) criteria. Analyses will involve tests of association (Chi-square and t-test), thematic analysis (deductive and inductive approaches) and network meta-analysis. Using an integrated multilevel socio-ecological framework this study will describe the factors associated with adherence for PLHIV who are taking first-line or second-line ART. Implementing evidence-based adherence approaches, when taken up, will improve patient’s overall health outcomes. Our study results will provide guidance regarding context-specific intervention strategies to improve ART adherence.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance in Salmonella Serotypes Concurrently Isolated from the Environment, Animals, and Humans in South Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1435
Author(s):  
Tsepo Ramatla ◽  
Mpho Tawana ◽  
ThankGod E. Onyiche ◽  
Kgaugelo E. Lekota ◽  
Oriel Thekisoe
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
North West ◽  
Salmonella Serotypes

One of the main global concerns is the usage and spread of antibiotic resistant Salmonella serovars. The animals, humans, and environmental components interact and contribute to the rapid emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance, directly or indirectly. Therefore, this study aimed to determine antibiotic resistance (AR) profiles of Salmonella serotypes isolated from the environment, animals, and humans in South Africa by a systematic review and meta-analysis. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed to search four databases for studies published from 1980 to 2021, that reported the antibiotic resistance profiles of Salmonella serotypes isolated in South Africa. The AR was screened from 2930 Salmonella serotypes which were isolated from 6842 samples. The Western Cape province had high pooled prevalence estimates (PPE) of Salmonella isolates with AR profiles followed by North West, Gauteng, and Eastern Cape with 94.3%, 75.4%, 59.4%, and 46.2%, respectively. The high PPE and heterogeneity were observed from environmental samples [69.6 (95% CI: 41.7−88.3), Q = 303.643, I2 = 98.353, Q-P = 0.045], animals [41.9 (95% CI: 18.5–69.5), Q = 637.355, I2 = 98.745, Q-P = 0.577], as well as animals/environment [95.9 (95% CI: 5.4−100), Q = 55.253, I2 = 96.380, Q-P = 0.300]. The majority of the salmonella isolates were resistant to sulphonamides (92.0%), enrofloxacin and erythromycin (89.3%), oxytetracycline (77.4%), imipenem (72.6%), tetracycline (67.4%), as well as trimethoprim (52.2%), among the environment, animals, and humans. The level of multidrug-resistance recorded for Salmonella isolates was 28.5% in this review. This study has highlighted the occurrence of AR by Salmonella isolates from animals, humans, and environmental samples in South Africa and this calls for a consolidated “One Health” approach for antimicrobial resistance epidemiological research, as well as the formulation of necessary intervention measures to prevent further spread.

scholarly journals Breast self-examination practice among women in Africa: a systematic review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wubareg Seifu ◽  
Liyew Mekonen
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
Breast Self Examination ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Self Examination

Abstract Background In resource limited countries breast self-examination has been recommended as the most appropriate method for early detection of breast cancer. Available studies conducted on breast self-examination practice in Africa currently are inconsistent and inclusive evidences. On top of that the available studies are unrepresentative by regions with small sample size. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to summarize and pool the results of individual studies to produce content level estimates of breast self-examination practice in Africa. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis were done among studies conducted in Africa using Preferred Item for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISRMA) guideline. Studies were identified from PubMed, Google Scholar, HINARI, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane, African Journals Online and reference lists of identified prevalence studies. Unpublished sources were also searched to retrieve relevant articles. Critical appraisal of studies was done through Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI). The meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 13 software. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics while publication was assessed through funnel plot. Forest plot were used to present the pooled prevalence with a 95% confidence interval (CI) using the random effect model. Results In this meta-analysis 56 studies were included with a total of 19, 228 study participants. From the included studies 25(44.64%) were from West Africa, 22(39.29%) East Africa, 5(8.93%) North Africa, 3(5.36%) Central Africa and 1(1.79%) South Africa. The overall pooled prevalence of ever and regular breast self-examination practice in Africa was found to be 44.0% (95% CI: 36.63, 51.50) and 17.9% (95% CI: 13.36, 22.94) respectively. In the subgroup analysis there was significant variations between sub regions with the highest practice in West Africa, 58.87% (95 CI%: 48.06, 69.27) and the lowest in South Africa, 5.33% (95 CI%: 2.73, 10.17). Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that breast self-examination practice among women in Africa was low. Therefore, intensive behavioral change communication and interventions that emphasize different domains should be given by stakeholders. PROSPERO registration number CRD42020119373.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Continuum of Care—Linking Pre-Pregnancy Care and Pregnancy Care to Improve Neonatal and Perinatal Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e0164965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimiyo Kikuchi ◽  
Sumiyo Okawa ◽  
Collins O. F. Zamawe ◽  
Akira Shibanuma ◽  
Keiko Nanishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Perinatal Mortality ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Continuum Of Care ◽  
Pregnancy Care

scholarly journals Prevalence of multimorbidity in South Africa: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e042889
Author(s):  
Rifqah A Roomaney ◽  
Brian van Wyk ◽  
Eunice Bolanle Turawa ◽  
Victoria Pillay-van Wyk
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Journal Article ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Biomedical Science ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Prevalence Studies

IntroductionMultimorbidity has increased globally over the past two decades, due to ageing populations and increased burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). In a country like South Africa, with a growing burden of NCDs and a high prevalence of HIV, information on multimorbidity can improve planning for healthcare delivery and utilisation, and reduce costs in the context of constrained health resources. This review aims to synthesise prevalence studies on multimorbidity, and identify dominant clusters and trends of multimorbidity in South Africa.Methods and analysisWe will search electronic bibliographic databases (PubMed, Scopus, JSTOR, POPLINE, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect, Web of Science and CINAHL), and the reference lists of included articles. Two researchers will independently screen title and abstracts, and then full text to identify studies published before and in 2020 that report on prevalence of multimorbidity in South Africa. Risk of bias assessments will be done for each study. Information on the prevalence of multimorbidity and disease clusters will be extracted from each study. Where possible, prevalence of specific clusters of multimorbidity will be pooled using a random effects meta-analysis to account for variability between studies. The I2 statistic will be used to establish the extent of heterogeneity due to variation in prevalence estimates rather than due to chance. The systematic review will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses.Ethics and disseminationOnly published journal articles will be included in the systematic review. This review received ethics approval as part of a larger project by the University of the Western Cape Biomedical Science Research Ethics Committee (BM20/5/8). The findings from this research will be used to estimate the prevalence of multimorbidity in South Africa and will contribute to the design of future research projects. The findings will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal article.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020196895.

scholarly journals A pooled prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in South Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Babatope O. Adebiyi ◽  
Ferdinand C. Mukumbang
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum

Abstract Background Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) remains a global public health problem. South Africa is estimated to have the highest recorded prevalence of FASD. However, no study has systematically evaluated the available prevalence studies to provide estimates that may facilitate effective planning and delivery of prevention and management services. Therefore, we propose to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to report a pooled estimate of the FASD prevalence among children, youth and adults in South Africa. Methods We will include quantitative (cohort and cross-sectional) studies that reported on the prevalence of FASD in South Africa. We will search databases such as Academic Search Complete, Education Resource Information Center (ERIC), SocINDEX, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health and PsycARTICLES), Scopus, Science Direct, Springer Link, JSTOR, SAGE journals, PubMed, Web of Science and Sabinet. The references of included studies will be searched for additional studies on the prevalence of FASD. The search will be from inception to October 2021. Screening of (titles, abstracts and full text of the potentially relevant articles) will be done by two independent authors using software. All disagreements will be resolved by discussion. A standardised data extraction form will be designed for the extraction. Two authors will independently extract the data from the selected articles and all disagreements will be resolved by discussion. We will use a tool developed by Munn and colleagues to critically appraise all the included studies. The primary outcome will be the proportion of individuals with FASD in South Africa. We will use the Freeman–Tukey double arcsine transformation to transform the raw prevalence estimates so that the data can follow an approximately normal distribution. We will use random-effects models to calculate 95% confidence intervals and prediction intervals based on multiple meta-analyses with transformed proportions. We will test heterogeneity using Cochran’s Q and describe using the I2 statistic. Discussion The pooled prevalence estimate will assist the government and other stakeholders (such as non-profit organisations and researchers) to plan and prioritise prevention and management interventions. Systematic review registration The protocol has been registered with PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42020197979).

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