scholarly journals Survival analysis of time to uptake of modern contraceptives among sexually active women of reproductive age in Nigeria

BMJ Open ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. e008371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe ◽  
Ayo Stephen Adebowale ◽  
ImranOludare Morhason-Bello
Keyword(s):  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Modern Contraceptives

scholarly journals Prevalence and Pattern of Modern Contraceptive Choices among Women of Reproductive Age 15-49 Years in a Community Health Facility: An Eight Year Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-33
Author(s):  
Akinwale Oladayo Damilola ◽  
Akinbade Musiliat Olufunke ◽  
Ogunsina Ibukunoluwa Deborah ◽  
Akinwale Akinwumi Adebowale
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Family Planning Clinic ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Modern Contraceptives

Aims: Utilization of modern contraception to prevent pregnancies is a unique health intervention as unplanned pregnancies expose women to additional health risks and lifetime risk of maternal mortality by increasing the number of lifetime pregnancies and deliveries. This study therefore aims at evaluating the prevalence and pattern of modern contraceptive choices among women of reproductive age and to identify the most commonly used modern contraceptives. Study Design: Retrospective study carried out at family planning clinic of Community Health Centre, Osun State University Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, South-West Nigeria between January 2013 to December 2020. Methodology: The clients who had attended family planning clinic for modern contraceptive services during the period of eight (8) years were identified from clinic register. Their case files were retrieved and relevant data extracted with the use of standardized pro forma. Two hundred and twenty-two (222) case notes were available and suitable for analysis. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics of chi square and ANOVA. Results: The result revealed highest prevalence of modern contraceptive utilization among young women with slight increase in rate of utilization as the age increases and decreases with older age. The most commonly utilized methods of contraception were Injectables: Noristerat and Depo-Provera; and IUCD. Result further showed significant relationship between age, number of children alive, breastfeeding status and desire to have more children and choice of modern contraceptive (P- value < 0.000). Conclusion: Utilization of modern contraceptives can be improved through adequate public health education, thus, this study recommended that health education should be intensified at antenatal clinic, infant welfare clinic, religious places, market places and any place of public gathering.

scholarly journals Clinicoetiological Characterization of Infectious Vaginitis amongst Women of Reproductive Age Group from Navi Mumbai, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuradha Narayankhedkar ◽  
Anahita Hodiwala ◽  
Arati Mane
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infections ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Vaginitis is one of the commonest reproductive tract infections in sexually active women. In the present study clinicoetiological characterization of infectious vaginitis amongst 380 women of reproductive age group (18–45 years) was done. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) was detected by Nugent’s scoring, Candida infection by culture, and trichomoniasis (TV) by wet mount. One hundred and ten (28.9%) women presented with symptoms of vaginitis. The presenting symptoms were vaginal discharge 106 (96.4%), vulval itching/irritation 19 (17.3%), malodor 5 (4.5%), pain in abdomen 3 (2.7%), and dysuria 1 (0.9%). The commonest etiology detected was Candida in 33 (30%) cases, of which 18 (54.5%) were C. albicans and 15 (45.5%) non-albicans Candida (NAC) infections. The NAC isolates were C. glabrata (n=10), C. tropicalis (n=3), and C. krusei (n=2). BV and TV were observed in 19 (17.3%) and 2 (1.8%) cases, respectively. A statistically significant association between Candida infection and presence of curdy-white discharge (p=0.001) and vulval itching/irritation (p=0.007) was noted. To conclude, we observed the etiological predominance of Candida infection, with considerable prevalence of NAC, indicating the need for microbiological investigation up to species level in cases of Candida infections, to ensure appropriate management.

scholarly journals Differences in the characteristics of long-term contraceptive device acceptors compared to short-term ones

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 (s2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Frando Ghiffari Ekwanda ◽  
Uning Marlina ◽  
Nova Primadina
Keyword(s):  
Total Fertility Rate ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Contraceptive Device ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Short Term

Introduction: Long-term contraception is expected to reduce the Total Fertility Rate. However, currently, the use of short-term contraception is more dominant than the long-term (4:1). The study aims to identify differences in the characteristics of sexually active women of reproductive age using long-term versus short-term contraception.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution and factors associated with modern contraceptive use among women of reproductive age in Nigeria: A multilevel analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0258844
Author(s):  
Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa ◽  
Zemenu Tadesse Tessema ◽  
James Boadu Frimpong ◽  
Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽  
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Multilevel Analysis ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Modern Contraceptives ◽  
Modern Contraceptive Use ◽  
The Individual

Background Evidence suggests that in countries with high fertility and fecundity rates, such as Nigeria, the promotion of modern contraceptive use prevents approximately 32% and 10% of maternal and child mortality, respectively. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the spatial distribution of modern contraceptive use and its predictors among women of reproductive age in Nigeria. Methods The study employed a cross-sectional analysis of population-based data involving 24,281 women of reproductive age in Nigeria. The study adopted both multilevel and spatial analyses to identify the predictors of modern contraceptive use and its spatial clustering among women in Nigeria. Results Modern contraceptive use among the study population in Nigeria ranged from 0% to 75%, with regional variations. The spatial analysis showed that areas with a low proportion of modern contraceptive use were Sokoto, Yobe, Borno, Katsina, Zamfara, Kebbi, Niger, Taraba and Delta. Areas with a high proportion of modern contraceptive use were Lagos, Oyo, Osun, Ekiti, Federal capital territory, Plateau, Adamawa, Imo, and Bayelsa. The multilevel analysis revealed that at the individual level, women with secondary/higher education, women from the Yoruba ethnic group, those who had four children and above, and those exposed to mass media had higher odds of using modern contraceptives. On the other hand, women who were 35 years and above, those who were married, and women who were practicing Islam were less likely to use modern contraceptives. At the household/community level, women from the richest households, those residing in communities with medium knowledge of modern contraceptive methods, and women residing in communities with a high literacy level were more likely to use modern contraceptives. Conclusion There were major variations in the use of modern contraception across various regions in Nigeria. As a result, areas with low contraceptive rates should be given the most deserving attention by promoting contraceptive education and use as well as considering significant factors at the individual and household/community levels.

Significance of Persistent Inflammatory Cervical Smears in Sexually Active Women of Reproductive Age Group—A Prospective Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
Nidhi Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Cervical Smears ◽  
Cervical Biopsy ◽  
Inflammatory Changes

ABSTRACT To study the significance of persistent inflammatory cervical Papanicolaou smears, in sexually active women of reproductive age group attending the out patient department of department of obstetrics and gynecology, Sarojini Naidu Medical College and Hospitals, Agra were recruited. Patients with persistent inflammatory cervical smears were subjected to Schiller directed cervical biopsy for histopathological examination. Persistent inflammatory changes were seen in 37.6% cervical smears. Underlying cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) on histopathologic examination was found in 13.6% persisters. Prevalence of CIN was higher in women over 30 years and significantly so in women with parity higher than 2. It was further observed that severity of underlying CIN lesions increased with increasing duration of marital life. Objective To study the significance of persistent inflammatory cervical smears in sexually active women of reproductive age. Study design A prospective tertiary teaching hospital based study on 3000 sexually active women aged between 18 to 45 years attending the OPD from October 2006 to December 2008. Material and methods Sexually active women aged between 18 to 45 years with inflammatory smears attending the OPD of the department of obstetrics and gynecology, SN Medical College and Hospital were recruited for the study. Repeat cervical smears were taken after 3 months of systemic antimicrobials plus local antiseptics. Patients with persistent inflammatory cervical smears were subjected to Schiller directed cervical biopsy for histopathological examination. Relationship of age, parity, duration of marital life, different contraceptive practices and other high-risk factors were studied vis-ì-vis histopathological findings of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Results Persistent inflammatory changes were noted in 37.6% cervical smears. Underlying cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) on histopathalogic examination was seen in 13.6% persisters. Prevalence of CIN was higher in women over 30 years, and over para 3 uninfluenced by the presence of cervical lesion. Severity of underlying CIN lesions increased with increasing duration of marital life. Conclusion Women with persistent inflammatory cervical smears, especially if she is above 30 years, sexually active for 10 years and is third para, should have further evaluation with cervical biopsy.

scholarly journals Coverage and Determinants of Modern Contraceptive Use in Sub-saharan Africa: Further Analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Boadu
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Modern Contraceptives ◽  
Modern Contraceptive Use ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background: The use of modern contraceptives (MC) in most African countries has been low despite the high fertility rate and unmet need for family planning. This study sought to determine the coverage and determinants of modern contraceptive use among women of reproductive age in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Methods: Data for the study was obtained from the latest Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted between 1995-2020 across 37 SSA countries. Women of reproductive age (15-19 years) was the unit of analysis. Analyses of data was done using STATA version 16 for windows. A bivariate Rao Scott’s chi-square test of independence was done to determine factors associated with the use of modern contraceptives. Factors that showed significance (p<0.05) were included in a multilevel logistic regression to determine significant predictors of modern contraceptives. Clustering, stratification and sample weighting were accounted for in the analyses. Results: The overall prevalence of the use of MC was found to be 22.0%. This ranged from 3.5% in the Central Africa Republic to 49.7% in Namibia. The most common type of contraceptives used were injections (39.4%), condoms (17.5%) and implants (26.5%). Women were less likely to use contraceptive if they: had no education (aOR = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.38-0.44), had no children (aOR=0.27-0.42), not told of family planning at a health facility (aOR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.67-0.71), not heard of family planning in the media (aOR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.74-0.79) and being poor (aOR=0.76, 95%CI: 0.73-0.79). On the other hand, women were more likely to use modern contraceptive if they were between the age of 35-39 years (aOR=1.69, 95%CI: 0.73-0.79), married (aOR=2.66, 95%CI: 2.50-2.83), had seven or more children (aOR=1.27, 95%CI:1.17-0.38), had knowledge of any method of contraceptives (aOR=303.8, 95%CI: 89.9-1027.5) and when field worker visited and talked about family planning (aOR=1.53, 95%CI: 1.39-0.68).Conclusion: The study showed a low prevalence of modern contraceptive use in Sub-Sahara Africa. Findings from the study highlight the need to provide education to women to increase uptake of contraceptive use and also re-enforce contraceptive interventions to improve women’s health and well-being.

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