scholarly journals ‘Communities are attempting to tackle the crisis’: a scoping review on community plans to prevent and reduce opioid-related harms

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e028583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Leece ◽  
Triti Khorasheh ◽  
Nimitha Paul ◽  
Sue Keller-Olaman ◽  
Susan Massarella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Public Health Decision

ObjectivesWe sought to understand the implementation of multifaceted community plans to address opioid-related harms.DesignOur scoping review examined the extent of the literature on community plans to prevent and reduce opioid-related harms, characterise the key components, and identify gaps.Data sourcesWe searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINHAL, SocINDEX and Academic Search Primer, and three search engines for English language peer-reviewed and grey literature from the past 10 years.Eligibility criteriaEligible records addressed opioid-related harms or overdose, used two or more intervention approaches (eg, prevention, treatment, harm reduction, enforcement and justice), involved two or more partners and occurred in an Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development country.Data extraction and synthesisQualitative thematic and quantitative analysis was conducted on the charted data. Stakeholders were engaged through fourteen interviews, three focus groups and one workshop.ResultsWe identified 108 records that described 100 community plans in Canada and the USA; four had been evaluated. Most plans were provincially or state funded, led by public health and involved an average of seven partners. Commonly, plans used individual training to implement interventions. Actions focused on treatment and harm reduction, largely to increase access to addiction services and naloxone. Among specific groups, people in conflict with the law were addressed most frequently. Community plans typically engaged the public through in-person forums. Stakeholders identified three key implications to our findings: addressing equity and stigma-related barriers towards people with lived experience of substance use; improving data collection to facilitate evaluation; and enhancing community partnerships by involving people with lived experience of substance use.ConclusionCurrent understanding of the implementation and context of community opioid-related plans demonstrates a need for evaluation to advance the evidence base. Partnership with people who have lived experience of substance use is underdeveloped and may strengthen responsive public health decision making.

scholarly journals Early innovations in opioid use disorder treatment and harm reduction during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noa Krawczyk ◽  
Adetayo Fawole ◽  
Jenny Yang ◽  
Babak Tofighi
Keyword(s):  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Home Delivery ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Long Acting

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has exerted a significant toll on the lives of people who use opioids (PWUOs). At the same time, more flexible regulations around provision of opioid use disorder (OUD) services have led to new opportunities for facilitating access to services for PWUOs. In the current scoping review, we describe new services and service modifications implemented by treatment and harm reduction programs serving PWUO, and discuss implications for policy and practice. Methods Literature searches were conducted within PubMed, LitCovid, Embase, and PsycInfo for English-language studies published in 2020 that describe a particular program, service, or intervention aimed at facilitating access to OUD treatment and/or harm reduction services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Abstracts were independently screened by two reviewers. Relevant studies were reviewed in full and those that met inclusion criteria underwent final data extraction and synthesis (n = 25). We used a narrative synthesis approach to identify major themes around key service modifications and innovations implemented across programs serving PWUO. Results Reviewed OUD treatment and harm reduction services spanned five continents and a range of settings from substance use treatment to street outreach programs. Innovative service modifications to adapt to COVID-19 circumstances primarily involved expanded use of telehealth services (e.g., telemedicine visits for buprenorphine, virtual individual or group therapy sessions, provision of donated or publicly available phones), increased take-home medication allowances for methadone and buprenorphine, expanded uptake of long-acting opioid medications (e.g. extended-release buprenorphine and naltrexone), home delivery of services (e.g. MOUD, naloxone and urine drug screening), outreach and makeshift services for delivering MOUD and naloxone, and provision of a safe supply of opioids. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic has posed multiple challenges for PWUOs, while simultaneously accelerating innovations in policies, care models, and technologies to lower thresholds for life-saving treatment and harm reduction services. Such innovations highlight novel patient-centered and feasible approaches to mitigating OUD related harms. Further studies are needed to assess the long-term impact of these approaches and inform policies that improve access to care for PWUOs.

scholarly journals Public health-relevant consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on malaria in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Katharina Heuschen ◽  
Guangyu Lu ◽  
Oliver Razum ◽  
Alhassan Abdul-Mumin ◽  
Osman Sankoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Malaria Burden ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in unprecedented challenges to health systems worldwide, including the control of non-COVID-19 diseases. Malaria cases and deaths may increase due to the direct and indirect effects of the pandemic in malaria-endemic countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This scoping review aims to summarize information on public health-relevant effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the malaria situation in SSA. Methods Review of publications and manuscripts on preprint servers, in peer-reviewed journals and in grey literature documents from 1 December, 2019 to 9 June, 2021. A structured search was conducted on different databases using predefined eligibility criteria for the selection of articles. Results A total of 51 papers have been included in the analysis. Modelling papers have predicted a significant increase in malaria cases and malaria deaths in SSA due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Many papers provided potential explanations for expected COVID-19 effects on the malaria burden; these ranged from relevant diagnostical and clinical aspects to reduced access to health care services, impaired availability of curative and preventive commodities and medications, and effects on malaria prevention campaigns. Compared to previous years, fewer country reports provided data on the actual number of malaria cases and deaths in 2020, with mixed results. While highly endemic countries reported evidence of decreased malaria cases in health facilities, low endemic countries reported overall higher numbers of malaria cases and deaths in 2020. Conclusions The findings from this review provide evidence for a significant but diverse impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on malaria in SSA. There is the need to further investigate the public health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the malaria burden. Protocol registered on Open Science Framework: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/STQ9D

scholarly journals Compliance with ethical standards in the reporting of donor sources and ethics review in peer-reviewed publications involving organ transplantation in China: a scoping review

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e024473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Rogers ◽  
Matthew P Robertson ◽  
Angela Ballantyne ◽  
Brette Blakely ◽  
Ruby Catsanos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Ethical Standards ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Volunteer Donor ◽  
Donor Programme

ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to investigate whether papers reporting research on Chinese transplant recipients comply with international professional standards aimed at excluding publication of research that: (1) involves any biological material from executed prisoners; (2) lacks Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval and (3) lacks consent of donors.DesignScoping review based on Arksey and O’Mallee’s methodological framework.Data sourcesMedline, Scopus and Embase were searched from January 2000 to April 2017.Eligibility criteriaWe included research papers published in peer-reviewed English-language journals reporting on outcomes of research involving recipients of transplanted hearts, livers or lungs in mainland China.Data extraction and synthesisData were extracted by individual authors working independently following training and benchmarking. Descriptive statistics were compiled using Excel.Results445 included studies reported on outcomes of 85 477 transplants. 412 (92.5%) failed to report whether or not organs were sourced from executed prisoners; and 439 (99%) failed to report that organ sources gave consent for transplantation. In contrast, 324 (73%) reported approval from an IRB. Of the papers claiming that no prisoners’ organs were involved in the transplants, 19 of them involved 2688 transplants that took place prior to 2010, when there was no volunteer donor programme in China.DiscussionThe transplant research community has failed to implement ethical standards banning publication of research using material from executed prisoners. As a result, a large body of unethical research now exists, raising issues of complicity and moral hazard to the extent that the transplant community uses and benefits from the results of this research. We call for retraction of this literature pending investigation of individual papers.

scholarly journals Public health relevant consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on malaria in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Katharina Heuschen ◽  
Guangyu Lu ◽  
Oliver Razum ◽  
Alhassan Abdul-Mumin ◽  
Osman Sankoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Malaria Burden ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in unprecedented challenges to health systems worldwide, including the control of non-COVID-19 diseases. Malaria cases and deaths may increase due to the direct and indirect effects of the pandemic in malaria endemic countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Objectives: This scoping review aims to summarize information on public health relevant effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the malaria situation in SSA. Methods: Review of publications and manuscripts on preprint servers, in peer-reviewed journals and in grey literature documents from December 1, 2019, to June 9, 2021. A structured search was conducted on different databases using predefined eligibility criteria for the selection of articles. Results: A total of 51 papers have been included in the analysis. Modeling papers have predicted a significant increase in malaria cases and malaria deaths in SSA due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Many papers provided potential explanations for expected COVID-19 effects on the malaria burden; these ranged from relevant diagnostic and clinical aspects, to reduced access to health care services, impaired availability of curative and preventive commodities and medications, and effects on malaria prevention campaigns. Compared to previous years, fewer country reports provided data on the actual number of malaria cases and deaths in 2020, with mixed results. While highly endemic countries reported evidence of decreased malaria cases in health facilities, low endemic countries reported an overall higher numbers of malaria cases and deaths in 2020. Conclusions: The findings from this review provide evidence for a significant but diverse impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on malaria in SSA. There is the need to further investigate the public health consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic on the malaria burden.

scholarly journals Physician Suicide: A Scoping Review to Highlight Opportunities for Prevention

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany I. Leung ◽  
Sima S. Pendharkar ◽  
Chwen-Yuen Angie Chen ◽  
Rebecca Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
English Language ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
Suicide Risk Factors

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this scoping review is to map the current landscape of published research and perspectives on physician suicide. Findings could serve as a roadmap for further investigations and potentially inform efforts to prevent physician suicide.MethodsOvid MEDLINE, PsycInfo, and Scopus were searched for English-language publications from August 21, 2017 through April 28, 2018. Inclusion criteria were a primary outcome or thesis focused on suicide (including suicide completion, attempts, and thoughts or ideation) among medical students, postgraduate trainees, or attending physicians. Opinion articles were included. Studies that were non-English, or those that only mentioned physician burnout, mental health or substance use disorders were excluded. Data extraction was performed by two authors.ResultsThe search yielded 1,596 articles, of which 347 articles passed to the full-text review round. The oldest article was an editorial from 1903; 210 (60.3%) articles were published from 2000 to present. Authors originated from 37 countries and 143 (41.2%) were opinion articles. Most discussed were suicide risk factors and culture of practice issues, while least discussed themes included public health and postvention.ConclusionsConsistency and reliability of data and information about physician suicides could be improved. Data limitations partly contribute to these issues. Also, various suicide risk factors for physicians have been explored, and several remain poorly understood. Based on this scoping review, a public health approach, including surveillance and early warning systems, investigations of sentinel cases, and postvention may be impactful next steps in preventing physician deaths by suicide.

scholarly journals Evidence for the effects of viewing visual artworks on stress outcomes: a scoping review

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e043549
Author(s):  
Mikaela Law ◽  
Nikita Karulkar ◽  
Elizabeth Broadbent
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Included Study ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Randomised Controlled

ObjectiveTo review the existing evidence on the effects of viewing visual artworks on stress outcomes and outline any gaps in the research.DesignA scoping review was conducted based on the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews and using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Two independent reviewers performed the screening and data extraction.Data sourcesMedline, Embase, APA PsycINFO, Cochrane CENTRAL, Scopus, Google Scholar, Google, ProQuest Theses and Dissertations Database, APA PsycExtra and Opengrey.eu were searched in May 2020.Eligibility criteriaStudies were included if they investigated the effects of viewing at least one visual artwork on at least one stress outcome measure. Studies involving active engagement with art, review papers or qualitative studies were excluded. There were no limits in terms of year of publication, contexts or population types; however, only studies published in the English language were considered.Data extraction and synthesisInformation extracted from manuscripts included: study methodologies, population and setting characteristics, details of the artwork interventions and key findings.Results14 primary studies were identified, with heterogeneous study designs, methodologies and artwork interventions. Many studies lacked important methodological details and only four studies were randomised controlled trials. 13 of the 14 studies on self-reported stress reported reductions after viewing artworks, and all of the four studies that examined systolic blood pressure reported reductions. Fewer studies examined heart rate, heart rate variability, cortisol, respiration or other physiological outcomes.ConclusionsThere is promising evidence for effects of viewing artwork on reducing stress. Moderating factors may include setting, individual characteristics, artwork content and viewing instructions. More robust research, using more standardised methods and randomised controlled trial designs, is needed.Registration detailsA protocol for this review is registered with the Open Science Framework (osf.io/gq5d8).

scholarly journals Mapping the evidence of experiences related to adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e032865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Płaszewski ◽  
Weronika Grantham ◽  
Ejgil Jespersen
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Public Involvement ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Search And Selection

IntroductionAdolescent idiopathic scoliosis, the diagnosis and management of this condition, may lead to poorer body image and diminished psychosocial functioning. Furthermore, treatment, especially bracing and surgery as well as screening, remain controversial and debated, with an unclear evidence base. Personal experiences in terms of issues such as person-centred care, shared decision making, and patient and public involvement, are contemporarily recognised as highly valued. Nonetheless, people’s experiences related to adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is an issue underrepresented in current systematic reviews and systematically developed recommendations. There appears a substantial imbalance between a vast amount of biomedical research reports, and sporadic biopsychosocial publications in this field. The objective of this planned scoping review is to explore and map the available evidence from various sources to address a broad question of what is known about experiences of all those touched, directly and indirectly, by the problem of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.Methods and analysisWe based our protocol on the Joanna Briggs Institute’s scoping review method, including the Population – Concept – Context framework, to formulate the objectives, research questions, eligibility criteria and conduct characteristics of the study. We will consider any primary study designs, research synthesis reports, as well as narrative reviews and opinion pieces. We will not restrict eligible publications to English language. Search and selection processes will include academic and grey literature searches using multiple electronic databases, search engines and websites, hand searches, and contacting the authors. We will use a customised data charting table and present a narrative synthesis of the results.Ethics and disseminationScoping review is a secondary study, aiming at synthesising data from publicly available publications, hence it does not require ethical approval. We will submit the report to a peer-reviewed journal and disseminate it among professionals involved in scoliosis management, guideline and recommendation development, and policymaking.

scholarly journals EMR Precharting Efficiency in Internal Medicine: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 238212052110324
Author(s):  
Chip A Bowman ◽  
Horatio Holzer
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Health Record ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Medical Undergraduate ◽  
Education Medical ◽  
Scholarly Data ◽  
Potential Improvement

Purpose: The act of precharting, or navigating the EMR to review a patient’s recent vitals, labs, notes, and other results, is something that is required of every clinician prior to effective rounding on patients. The purpose of this scoping review is to review the extant literature on precharting. Methods: Scholarly data through OVID on Medscape and grey literature were systematically searched with extensive inclusion criteria including the terms “Pre-round” “precharting” as well as “student” “education” or “teach” adjacent to “EMR” or “electronic medical record” or “electronic health record” or “documentation.” We collated this with “education, medical, undergraduate,” or “Students/medical.” Results: As of September 23, 2020, 241 scholarly articles were identified. No grey literature were identified. Inclusion criteria included full article access, English language, and covering the precharting topic. Seventeen articles met inclusion criteria and were included in the review. These articles included 1 direct observational study, 1 retrospective study, 2 qualitative studies, 5 EMR workshop trainings, 1 perspective piece, 1 curriculum analysis, and 6 articles based on survey measures. Of these articles, the majority were published recently, with 8 of the 17 published since 2018. Summary of the limited existing literature can be distilled into 3 findings: a need for timely EMR data extraction, the potential optimization of EMR workflow, and the benefit of time intensive EMR trainings. Conclusions: This scoping review explored the existing scholarly and grey literature to summarize the review of precharting and education surrounding navigating the EMR for medical students as a means of exploring the topic to determine current practices and identify areas of potential improvement.

scholarly journals Benefits of Digital Health Resources for Substance Use Concerns in Women: A Scoping Review (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Quilty ◽  
Branka Agic ◽  
Michelle Coombs ◽  
Betty-Lou Kristy ◽  
Jill Shakespeare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Funding Agency ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mobile Interventions

BACKGROUND Digital health resources are being increasingly used to support women with substance use concerns. Although empirical research demonstrates that these resources have promise, the available evidence for their benefit in women requires further investigation. OBJECTIVE The objective of the current investigation was to evaluate the evidence supporting the efficacy or effectiveness for online or mobile interventions for risky or harmful substance use in adults who identify as female or women, or who report a history of trauma. METHODS This scoping review is based on an academic search in MEDLINE, APA PsycINFO, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, and CINAHL, as well as a grey literature search in U.S. and Canadian government and funding agency websites. Of the 4977 records identified, 355 remained following title and abstract screening. Of these, 121 met all eligibility criteria and were reviewed and synthesized. RESULTS The 121 records reflected 96 distinct studies, and 85 distinct interventions. Investigations and the interventions evaluated predominantly focused on alcohol use or general substance use. Digital health resources evaluated included multi-session and brief session interventions, with a wide range of therapeutic elements. More intensive online and mobile interventions exhibited moderate to strong effects in the vast majority of studies, whereas brief interventions demonstrated smaller effect sizes at short-term follow-up periods. Most investigations did not assess gender identity, or conduct sex- or gender-based analyses. Only 10 investigations that included trauma were located. CONCLUSIONS Despite the overall promise of digital health interventions for substance use concerns, direct or quantitative evidence for efficacy or effectiveness of interventions in females or women specifically is weak.

Could the Perioperative Use of Opioids Influence Cancer Outcomes After Surgery? A Scoping Review Protocol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Cascella ◽  
Arturo Cuomo ◽  
Francesca Bifulco ◽  
Barbara Di Caprio ◽  
Rosanna Accardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cancer Outcomes ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Science Framework

Abstract BackgroundOpioids are commonly used for the treatment of cancer and non-cancer pain, and during and after general anesthesia. Because preclinical studies underlined a potential opioid-mediated immunosuppression, it was postulated that the perioperative administration of opioids could influence cancer outcomes after surgery. Nevertheless, clinical data have been extrapolated mainly from retrospective analyses. Thus, the precise link between perioperative opioids use and cancer recurrence/metastasis or cancer-related mortality/morbidity remains unresolved.Methods/designThis scoping review is planned following the Joanna Briggs Institute recommendations. The authors will conduct a literature review through the PRISMA statement using PubMed and EMBASE databases; the Grey literature will be explored using Google Scholar, Conference Proceedings Citation Index (via Web of Science) and Open Grey. The search strategy will be limited to articles published in the English language and to human studies. The database searches are planned from the inception to November 2020. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts, followed by a full-text screening of potentially relevant articles with standardized data extraction. Any disagreement for the inclusion between the two reviewers will be discussed with a third reviewer.DiscussionThe review aim to map the available literature focusing on a possible association between the perioperative opioids use and cancer outcomes in patients undergoing surgery. The proposed approach will allow to identify and analyze the knowledge gap in the field and, serving as a prerequisite for future research including systematic reviews and clinical studies.Scoping review registrationOpen Science Framework https://osf.io/ng57c/ DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/NG57C

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document