scholarly journals Association of occupational dust exposure with combined chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumoconiosis: a cross-sectional study in China

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e038874
Author(s):  
Yali Fan ◽  
Wenjing Xu ◽  
Yuanying Wang ◽  
Yiran Wang ◽  
Shiwen Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Heavy Smoking ◽  
Occupational Dust Exposure ◽  
Coal Workers Pneumoconiosis ◽  
Coal Workers

ObjectivesOccupational dust exposure may induce various lung diseases, including pneumoconiosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The features of combined COPD and pneumoconiosis have not been well described, and this may hamper the management. This study aimed to describe the prevalence and characteristics as well as the risk factors of the combined diseases.DesignA cross-sectional study.Setting and participants758 patients with pneumoconiosis were recruited at a single-medical centre. Of these, 675 patients with pneumoconiosis, including asbestosis, silicosis, coal workers’ pneumoconiosis and other pneumoconiosis, was eligible for analysis.Primary outcome measuresCOPD was diagnosed based on clinical features and/or history of exposure to risk factors and post bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio <0.7. Clinical data were collected from predesigned medical reports. The patients underwent both chest radiograph and high-resolution CT scans. Risk factors for combined COPD and pneumoconiosis were analysed using regression analysis.ResultsCOPD prevalence overall was 32.7% (221/675) and was the highest in silicosis (84/221) and coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (100/221). COPD prevalence increased with smoking pack-years, dust exposure duration and pneumoconiosis stage. Patients with combined diseases had lower body mass index, higher smoking index and worse pulmonary function. Risk factors for combined diseases included heavy smoking, silica or coal exposure and advanced pneumoconiosis. The interaction between dust exposure and smoking in COPD was also identified. The risk of combined COPD significantly increased with heavy smoking and silica or coal exposure (OR 5.49, 95% CI 3.04 to 9.93, p<0.001).ConclusionsCOPD is highly prevalent in patients with pneumoconiosis, especially patients with silicosis and coal workers’ pneumoconiosis. Occupational dust exposure as well as heavy smoking is associated with an increased risk of combined COPD and pneumoconiosis, which demands an effective preventive intervention.

scholarly journals Risk factors and comorbidities that predispose to atrial fibrillation

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Marijana Jandrić-Kočić
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
World Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Objective. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice affecting 1-2% of the world population. It is characterized by high-frequency atrial excitation, consequent asynchronous contraction, and irregular ventricular excitation. Risk factors and comorbidities predispose to AF by altering the extracellular matrix, altering the function of fibroblasts and fat cells, ion channels, myocytes, the autonomic nervous system, endothelial and vascular changes. The study aimed to identify risk factors and comorbidities that were statistically significantly associated with the onset of AF. Methods. The study was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Krupa Health Center at Uni in the period from 1 November 2017 to 1 January 2019. Data were collected through medical history, physical examination, electrocardiograms, laboratory diagnostics, ultrasound examination and available medical records. Data processing was performed using standard statistical methods. Results. The study included 145 randomly selected patients, 96 (66.2%) women and 49 (33.8%) men., average age 63 ± 9.8 years. AF was more common in women older than 60 years and people consuming alcohol (p<0.05). Comorbidities associated with FA are: left ventricular hypertrophy, mitral regurgitation, hypertension, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and obesity (p<0.05). Conclusion. Early detection, timely and adequate management of comorbidity and risk factors of FA prevents or slows the progression of AF, raises the quality of life of patients, reduces the costs of health care and work absenteeism.

scholarly journals Hypertension prevalence and associated risk factors in elderly people of Northern India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 3002
Author(s):  
Nipun Agrawal ◽  
Priyanka Kumar ◽  
Atul K. Singh ◽  
Shyam B. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Salt Consumption ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Of the estimated 57 million global deaths in 2008, 36 million (63%) were due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). In terms of attributable deaths, the leading behavioural and physiological risk factors globally are raised blood pressure (to which 13% of global deaths are attributed), followed by tobacco use (9%), raised blood glucose (6%), physical inactivity (6%) and being overweight or obese (5%). With this background the current study was planned to compare the prevalence and modifiable risk factors of hypertension amongst the rural and urban geriatric population.Methods: The present cross-sectional study included 535 persons aged 60 years or more, belonging to the families residing in the field practice areas of Shri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly. House to house visits were made for face-to-face interview.Results: The mean age of elderly was 66.76±5.92 years. The proportion of elderly who were apparently healthy was 10.1%. The most frequent morbidity found was hypertension (40%) followed in order by obesity (30.67%), arthritis (26.86%), diabetes (25.72%), gastroesophageal reflux disease (19.43%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (14.1%) and irritable bowel syndrome (3.62%). Hypertension was found to be positively associated with increasing age, not being with the spouse (separated, not married or widowed), being businessman, daily consumption of oil and salt, duration of use of tobacco, better socio-economic status, sedentary occupational physical activity and not getting support from the family.Conclusions: Prevalence of hypertension is higher in urban area. Hypertension is associated with age, marital separation, fat and salt consumption, tobacco and sedentary occupation.

scholarly journals Assessment of Risk Factors against Severity of COPD in Non-Smokers

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (191) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok Kumar Panjwani ◽  
Shaista Ghazal ◽  
Ravi Mahat ◽  
Maria Malik ◽  
Nadeem Rizvi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
P Value ◽  
Mosquito Coil ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in non-smokers has been an importantconcern in past decade. We studied the risk factors responsible for more severe Chronic obstructivepulmonary disease. Identifying them would help to work against progression to more severe diseaseas well as prevention.Methods: A prospective cross sectional study was done in outpatient clinic of Jinnah postgraduatemedical center from December 2010 to December 2011. All patients fulfilling the criteria for Chronicobstructive pulmonary disease were taken in study. Patients with less than five pack years smokingwith other risk factors for Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were evaluated.Results: Out of total 90 patients, 74 (82.2%) had mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and 16(17.7%) had moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Patients with single biomassexposure were found to have mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease except those havingmosquito coil exposure. Patients with mosquito coil and wood smoke exposure were observed tohave moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (p-value 0.009).Conclusions: Wood smokewith mosquito coil smoke exposure is responsible for more severe chronicobstructive pulmonary disease._______________________________________________________________________________________Keywords: biomass; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; non-smoker; tuberculosis.

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