Is neighbourhood income inequality associated with maternal mental health? A longitudinal analysis of pregnant and new mothers living in Calgary, Alberta

ObjectivesRising income inequality is a potential risk factor for poor mental health, however, little work has investigated this link among mothers. Our goal was to determine if neighbourhood-level income inequality was associated with maternal mental health over time.DesignSecondary data analysis using a retrospective cohort study design.Setting and participantsData from the All Our Families (AOF) ongoing cohort study in the city of Calgary (Canada) were used, with our sample including 2461 mothers. Participant data were collected at six time points from 2008 to 2014, corresponding to <25 weeks of pregnancy to 3 years post partum. AOF mothers were linked to 196 geographically defined Calgary neighbourhoods using postal code information and 2006 Canada Census data.Main outcome measuresAnxiety symptoms measured using the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory, and depressive symptoms measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale.ResultsMultilevel regression modelling was used to quantify the associations between neighbourhood-level income inequality and continuous mental health symptoms over time. For anxiety symptoms, the interaction term between neighbourhood Gini and time was significant (β=0.0017, 95% CI=0.00049 to 0.0028, p=0.005), indicating an excess rate of change over time. Specifically, a SD increase in Gini (Z-score) was associated with an average monthly rate increase in anxiety symptom scores of 1.001% per month. While depressive symptom scores followed similar longitudinal trajectories across levels of income inequality, we did not find significant evidence for an association between inequality and depressive symptoms. There was no evidence of a cross-level interaction between inequality and household income on either outcome.ConclusionIncome inequality within neighbourhoods appears to adversely impact the mental health trajectories of pregnant and new mothers. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms that explain this relationship, and how interventions to reduce income inequality could benefit mental health.

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Pre-conception self-harm, maternal mental health and mother–infant bonding problems: a 20-year prospective cohort study

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291718003689 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 49 (16) ◽

pp. 2727-2735 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rohan Borschmann ◽

Emma Molyneaux ◽

Elizabeth Spry ◽

Paul Moran ◽

Louise M. Howard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Young Adulthood ◽

Maternal Mental Health ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Time Points ◽

Perinatal Depressive Symptoms ◽

Self Harm ◽

Health Cohort Study

AbstractBackgroundSelf-harm in young people is associated with later problems in social and emotional development. However, it is unknown whether self-harm in young women continues to be a marker of vulnerability on becoming a parent. This study prospectively describes the associations between pre-conception self-harm, maternal depressive symptoms and mother–infant bonding problems.MethodsThe Victorian Intergenerational Health Cohort Study (VIHCS) is a follow-up to the Victorian Adolescent Health Cohort Study (VAHCS) in Australia. Socio-demographic and health variables were assessed at 10 time-points (waves) from ages 14 to 35, including self-reported self-harm at waves 3–9. VIHCS enrolment began in 2006 (when participants were aged 28–29 years), by contacting VAHCS women every 6 months to identify pregnancies over a 7-year period. Perinatal depressive symptoms were assessed with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale during the third trimester, and 2 and 12 months postpartum. Mother–infant bonding problems were assessed with the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire at 2 and 12 months postpartum.ResultsFive hundred sixty-four pregnancies from 384 women were included. One in 10 women (9.7%) reported pre-conception self-harm. Women who reported self-harming in young adulthood (ages 20–29) reported higher levels of perinatal depressive symptoms and mother–infant bonding problems at all perinatal time points [perinatal depressive symptoms adjusted β = 5.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.42–7.39; mother–infant bonding problems adjusted β = 7.51, 95% CI 3.09–11.92]. There was no evidence that self-harm in adolescence (ages 15–17) was associated with either perinatal outcome.ConclusionsSelf-harm during young adulthood may be an indicator of future vulnerability to perinatal mental health and mother–infant bonding problems.

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Associations between depressive complaints and indicators of labour participation among older Dutch employees: a prospective cohort study

International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health ◽

10.1007/s00420-020-01584-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jacqueline G. M. Jennen ◽

N. W. H. Jansen ◽

L. G. P. M. van Amelsvoort ◽

J. J. M. Slangen ◽

I. J. Kant

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Older Employees ◽

Labour Participation ◽

The Impact ◽

Over Time ◽

Work Contexts

Abstract Purpose European policy measures have led to an increased net labour participation of older employees. Yet, via different routes (for instance disability schemes) employees still often leave the labour market early. Mental health may be an important factor hindering labour participation. Aims of this study are twofold: first, to examine the relationship between mental health—particularly depressive complaints—and indicators of labour participation among older employees over a 2-year follow-up period and second, to explore the impact of different work contexts when studying this relation. Methods A subsample of older employees (aged > 45 years; n = 1253) from the Maastricht Cohort Study was studied. Depressive complaints were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale. Logistic and Cox regression analyses covered 2 years of follow-up and were also stratified for relevant work-related factors. Results Employees with mild depressive complaints showed statistically significantly higher risks for poor mental workability (HR 2.60, 95% CI 1.14–5.92) and high psychological disengagement levels (HR 2.35, 95% CI 1.21–4.57) over time compared to employees without depressive complaints. Within various work contexts, for instance in which employees perform physically demanding work or have high psychological job demands, significantly stronger associations were found between depressive complaints and poor mental workability over time. Conclusions This study shows strong longitudinal associations between depressive complaints and indicators of labour participation, also within different work contexts over time. Results provide valuable input for developing preventive measure aiming to enhance sustainable labour participation of older employees.

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Is bullying in adolescence associated with the development of depressive symptoms in adulthood?: A longitudinal cohort study

BMC Psychology ◽

10.1186/s40359-020-00491-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Trine Nøhr Winding ◽

Lisbeth Astrid Skouenborg ◽

Vibeke Lie Mortensen ◽

Johan Hviid Andersen

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Response Relationship ◽

Exposure Response ◽

Being Bullied

Abstract Background Being bullied in adolescence is linked to mental health problems like anxiety, depressive- and somatic symptoms and can have negative consequences on both an individual and a societal level. However, evidence regarding the long-term mental health consequences of bullying in adolescence is limited. The aim of this study was to examine whether being bullied at age 15 or 18 was associated with experiencing depressive symptoms at age 28, and to examine whether being bullied at both ages 15 and 18 increased the risk of experiencing depressive symptoms at age 28. Methods A prospective cohort study, which applied data from the West Jutland Cohort Study, was conducted. Bullying and depressive symptoms were measured on the basis of self-reported data from surveys in 2004, 2007 and 2017. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. A total of 1790 participants were included in the study, and analyzed by multiple logistic regressions. Results The results showed associations between being bullied at age 15 or 18 and the reporting of depressive symptoms at age 28 when adjusted for potential confounders. An exposure–response relationship was seen in those who were bullied at both ages 15 and 18. This group had the highest risk of developing depressive symptoms at age 28. Conclusions Being bullied in adolescence was associated with developing depressive symptoms in adulthood and there was an exposure–response relationship between being bullied over time and the later reporting of depressive symptoms. The results highlight the need to provide more detailed information to schools and local communities about the negative consequences of bullying. Such increased awareness may help reduce the risk of young people developing depressive symptoms later in life.

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Poorer mental health and sleep quality are associated with greater self-reported reward-related eating during pregnancy and postpartum: an observational cohort study

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity ◽

10.1186/s12966-021-01124-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Grace M. Betts ◽

Leah M. Lipsky ◽

Chelsie D. Temmen ◽

Anna Maria Siega-Riz ◽

Myles S. Faith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Observational Cohort Study ◽

Pregnancy And Postpartum ◽

Hedonic Hunger ◽

Observational Cohort

Abstract Background Depression, stress, and poor-quality sleep are common during pregnancy and postpartum, but the relationship of these factors with reward-related eating is not well understood. This observational cohort study examines associations of depression, stress, and sleep quality with self-reported reward-related eating in pregnancy and postpartum. Methods Participants were enrolled at < 12 weeks gestation and followed through 1 year postpartum. Self-reported measures obtained at baseline and 23–31 weeks postpartum included the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; reward-related eating measures included the Power of Food Scale (assessing hedonic hunger), modified Yale Food Addiction Scale (assessing addictive-like eating), and frequency and intensity of cravings. Linear and logistic regression models estimated associations of depressive symptoms, stress, and sleep quality with reward-related eating during pregnancy and postpartum, as well as change in each predictor with change in outcome. Results During pregnancy, greater depressive symptoms (β ± SE = 0.03 ± 0.01, p < .01), higher stress (0.03 ± 0.01, p < .01), and worse sleep quality (0.03 ± 0.01, p = 0.03) were associated with greater hedonic hunger. Similarly, greater depressive symptoms (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.14, p = .01), higher stress (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.14, p = <.01), and worse sleep quality (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.18, p = .04) were associated with greater odds of addictive-like eating. These associations were also significant in postpartum except that sleep quality was not associated with hedonic hunger. Greater depressive symptoms (β ± SE = 0.06 ± 0.02, p < .01; 0.08 ± 0.02, p = <.01), higher stress (0.04 ± 0.01, p < .01; 0.06 ± 0.02, p < .01), and worse sleep quality (0.11 ± 0.03, p < .01; 0.13 ± 0.03, p < .01) during pregnancy were associated with stronger and more frequent cravings, respectively. Increased depressive symptoms from pregnancy to postpartum was associated with increased hedonic hunger (β ± SE = 1.17 ± 0.57, p = 0.01) and addictive-like eating (0.88 ± 0.33, p = 0.01), and increased stress was associated with increased hedonic hunger (1.71 ± 0.76, p = 0.02). Change in stress was not associated with change in addictive-like eating and change in sleep quality was not associated with change in either hedonic hunger or addictive-like eating. Conclusions Greater depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and poorer sleep quality are associated with greater self-reported reward-related eating during pregnancy and postpartum, suggesting that efforts to improve diet during and after pregnancy may benefit from addressing mental health and sleep. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov Registration ID – NCT02217462. Date of registration – August 13, 2014

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Hispanic Young Males’ Mental Health From Adolescence Through the Transition to Fatherhood

American Journal of Men s Health ◽

10.1177/1557988318765890 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1226-1234 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Craig F. Garfield ◽

Collin Abbott ◽

Joshua Rutsohn ◽

Frank Penedo

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Depressive Symptom ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Adult Health ◽

Data Set ◽

Hispanic Men ◽

Symptom Scores ◽

Residency Status ◽

Transition To Fatherhood

The objective of the current study was to examine the associations between the transition to fatherhood and depressive symptoms scores among Hispanic men. Using the sample of Hispanic men included in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, depressive symptom scores were examined from 1994 to 2008. A “fatherhood-year” data set was created that included the men’s Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) scores as well as residency status with the child. By regressing age-adjusted standardized depressive symptom scores, associations between mental health scores of Hispanic men and their transition to fatherhood were identified. Among the 1,715 Hispanic men, resident ( n = 502) and nonresident ( n = 99) Hispanic fathers reported an increase in depressive symptom scores (CES-D) during the first 5 years after entrance into fatherhood (β = 0.150, 95% CI [0.062, 0.239] and β = 0.153, 95% CI [0.034, 0.271], respectively) compared to non-fathers ( n = 1,114), representing an increase of 10% for resident fathers and a 15% for nonresident fathers. Hispanic non-fathers reported a decrease in depressive symptom scores (CES-D) during parallel ages. Hispanic fathers, regardless of residency status, reported increased depressive symptoms in the first 5 years after the transition into fatherhood, a period critical in child development.

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Associations between Coparenting Relationships and Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Negative Bonding to Infant

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9040375 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 375

Author(s):

Yoko Takeishi ◽

Yasuka Nakamura ◽

Mikako Yoshida ◽

Maiko Kawajiri ◽

Fumi Atogami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Maternal Mental Health ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Mental Illnesses ◽

Child Rearing ◽

Postpartum Depressive Symptoms ◽

First Child ◽

Early Postpartum

Maternal mental illnesses during early postpartum may be caused by lack of the coparenting relationship parents share and cooperate regarding child-rearing. This study clarifies the association of the coparenting relationship and negative mental health of mothers at one and three months after childbirth. This study conducted a secondary analysis of data from an intervention study wherein 24 mothers rearing their first child with a cohabitant (husband/partner) participated. Maternal mental health was evaluated using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale to determine postpartum depressive symptoms and the Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale to assess negative bonding. Mothers’ average age was 31.5 ± 4.2 years old. All mothers were not working during the research period. The prevalence of postpartum depression and bonding disorder were approximately 13% and 21%, respectively. A better coparenting relationship was associated with lower postpartum depressive symptoms at both one month (β = −0.617, p = 0.002) and three months (β = −0.709, p < 0.01) postpartum. In contrast, no association was found between a coparenting relationship and negative bonding. The results indicate that the coparenting relationship may possibly prevent maternal depression during the early postpartum period.

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The placental lipidome of maternal antenatal depression predicts socio-emotional problems in the offspring

Translational Psychiatry ◽

10.1038/s41398-021-01208-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Gerard Wong ◽

Jacquelyn M. Weir ◽

Priti Mishra ◽

Kevin Huynh ◽

Brunda Nijagal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Maternal Mental Health ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Emotional Problems ◽

Antenatal Depression ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Emotional Outcomes ◽

Lipid Species ◽

Antenatal Depressive Symptoms

AbstractWhile maternal mental health strongly influences neurodevelopment and health in the offspring, little is known about the determinants of inter-individual variation in the mental health of mothers. Likewise, the in utero biological pathways by which variation in maternal mental health affects offspring development remain to be defined. Previous studies implicate lipids, consistent with a known influence on cognitive and emotional function, but the relevance for maternal mental health and offspring neurodevelopment is unclear. This study characterizes the placental and circulatory lipids in antenatal depression, as well as socio-emotional outcomes in the offspring. Targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry covering 470 lipid species was performed on placenta from 186 women with low (n = 70) or high (n = 116) levels of antenatal depressive symptoms assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale at 26 weeks’ gestation. Child socio-emotional outcomes were assessed from the Child Behavior Check List (CBCL) at 48 months. Seventeen placental lipid species showed an inverse association with antenatal EPDS scores. Specifically, lower levels of phospholipids containing LC-PUFAs: omega-3 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and omega-6 arachidonic acid (AA) were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Additional measurement of LC-PUFA in antenatal plasma samples at mid-gestation confirmed the reduced circulation of these specific fatty acids in mothers. Reduced concentration of the placental phospholipids also predicted poorer socio-emotional outcomes in the offspring. This study provides new insights into the role of the materno-fetal lipid cross-talk as a mechanism linking maternal mental health to that of the offspring. These findings show the potential utility of nutritional approaches among pregnant women with depressive symptoms to reduce offspring risk for later socio-emotional problems.

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The COVID-19 pandemic and maternal mental health in a fragile and conflict-affected setting in Tumaco, Colombia: a cohort study

The Lancet Global Health ◽

10.1016/s2214-109x(21)00217-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Andrés Moya ◽

Pieter Serneels ◽

Alethea Desrosiers ◽

Vilma Reyes ◽

María José Torres ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Maternal Mental Health

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Bidirectional Association Between Knee Osteoarthritis and Depressive Symptoms: A Nationwide Cohort Study

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.710 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 220-220

Author(s):

Han Lu ◽

Shaomei Shang ◽

Limin Wang ◽

Hongbo Chen

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Knee Osteoarthritis ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Bidirectional Association ◽

Bidirectional Relationship

Abstract Both knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and depressive symptoms are common health issues affecting the quality of life of old adults. Although it is presumed that KOA has a bidirectional relationship with the depressive symptoms, no cohort study has proven it. This is the first study to determine the strength of association for the bidirectional relationship between KOA and depressive symptoms. Data were gathered from the nationally survey of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2011-2015. The presence of depressive symptoms was defined by the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score of 10 or higher. The adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression model was conducted to estimate hazards ratios (HRs). Controlled covariates include gender, age, education, marital status, residence, number of chronic diseases, and disability. The analysis of KOA predicting the depressive symptoms onset consisted of 4,377 participants free from depressive symptoms at baseline. During 4 years follow-up, diagnosed KOA participants were more likely to have depressive symptoms than their peers without KOA (HR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.23-1.83). The parallel analysis of depressive symptoms predicting KOA onset included 6,848 participants without KOA at baseline, those with depressive symptoms had a higher relative risk of developing KOA (HR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.41-1.92). Our results provide compelling evidence that the KOA-depressive symptoms association is bidirectional, highlighting the importance of evaluating the relationship between physical and mental health among older people. Particularly, taking this association into consideration in the risk assessment and primary prevention of KOA and depression symptoms.

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Trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms and offspring’s risk behavior in early adolescence: data from the 2004 Pelotas birth cohort study

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-020-03026-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ana Beatriz Bozzini ◽

Jessica Mayumi Maruyama ◽

Tiago N. Munhoz ◽

Aluísio J. D. Barros ◽

Fernando C. Barros ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Maternal Depression ◽

Risk Behavior ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Self Report ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

Maternal Depressive Symptoms

Abstract Background This longitudinal study explored the relationship between trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms and offspring’s risk behavior in adolescence contributing to an extremely scarce literature about the impacts of maternal depression trajectories on offspring risk behaviors. Methods We included 3437 11-year-old adolescents from the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study. Trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms were constructed using Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EDPS) from age 3 months to 11 years. We identified five trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms: “low” “moderate low”, “increasing”, “decreasing”, and “chronic high”. The following adolescent outcomes were identified via self-report questionnaire and analyzed as binary outcome –yes/no: involvement in fights and alcohol use at age 11. We used logistic regression models to examine the effects of trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms on offspring’s risk behavior adjusting for potential confounding variable. Results Alcohol use and/or abuse as well as involvement in fights during adolescence, were not significantly associated with any specific trajectory of maternal depressive symptoms neither in the crude nor in the adjusted analyses. Conclusion Alcohol use and involvement in fights at age 11 were not associated with any specific trajectory of maternal depression.

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