scholarly journals Factors associated with serious psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: a nationwide cross-sectional internet-based study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e051115
Author(s):  
Takashi Yoshioka ◽  
Ryo Okubo ◽  
Takahiro Tabuchi ◽  
Satomi Odani ◽  
Tomohiro Shinozaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Serious Psychological Distress ◽  
Sampling Weights ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Caregiving Burden ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Factors Associated

ObjectiveTo investigate the factors associated with serious psychological distress (SPD) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan.DesignNationwide cross-sectional study using survey data.SettingInternet survey using sampling weights for national estimates conducted between 25 August and 30 September 2020 in Japan.ExposuresDemographics (age, gender), socioeconomic status (income level, employment type, educational attainment, marital status, family composition and caregiving burden); the experience of domestic violence (DV), the state of emergency and fear of and stigma related to COVID-19.Main outcome measuresPrevalence of SPD, defined as Kessler 6 Scale score ≥13.ResultsAmong 25 482 respondents, 10.0% met the criteria of SPD. Overall, women (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.59; 95% CI 1.17 to 2.16; p=0.003), ages 15–29 (aOR 2.35 compared with ages 45–59 years; 95% CI 1.64 to 3.38; p<0.001), low-income level (aOR 1.70 compared with intermediate income; 95% CI 1.16 to 2.49; p=0.007), providing caregiving to family members (aOR 5.48; 95% CI 3.51 to 8.56; p<0.001), experiencing DV (aOR 5.72; 95% CI 3.81 to 8.59; p<0.001) and fear of COVID-19 (aOR 1.96; 95% CI 1.55 to 2.48; p<0.001) were associated with SPD. Among women aged 15–29 years, who have a higher risk of suicide during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan, caregiving, DV, fear of COVID-19 and COVID-19-related stigma were associated with SPD.ConclusionsEconomic situation, caregiving burden, DV and fear of COVID-19 were independently associated with SPD during the COVID-19 pandemic. Among young women, similar factors, except economic situation, were associated with SPD. Targeted interventions based on age and gender may be more effective in mitigating the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the population’s mental health.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Serious Psychological Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Yoshioka ◽  
Ryo Okubo ◽  
Takahiro Tabuchi ◽  
Satomi Odani ◽  
Tomohiro Shinozaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Serious Psychological Distress ◽  
Caregiving Burden ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Factors Associated

AbstractImportanceThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have a negative impact on mental health of the population, leading to higher suicide rates, in many countries. However, little is known about risk factors associated with worsened mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.ObjectiveTo investigate the factors associated with serious psychological distress (SPD) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA cross-sectional study using a large-scale internet survey conducted between August 25 and September 30, 2020, in Japan.ExposuresDemographics (age, gender, marital status, family composition, and caregiving burden), socio-economic status (income level, employment type, educational attainment), the experience of domestic violence (DV), the state of emergency, fear of COVID-19, and stigma related to COVID-19.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrevalence of SPD, defined as Kessler 6 scale score ≥13.ResultsAmong 25,482 individuals included in this study, 2,556 (10%) met the criteria of SPD. Overall, women (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.59; 95%CI, 1.17–2.16; P=0.003), ages 15–29 (aOR compared with ages 45–59, 2.35; 95%CI, 1.64–3.38; P<0.001), low income (aOR compared with intermediate income, 1.70; 95%CI, 1.16–2.49; P=0.007), providing caregiving to family members (aOR, 5.48; 95%CI, 3.51–8.56; P<0.001), experiencing DV (aOR, 5.72; 95%CI, 3.81–8.59; P<0.001), and fear of COVID-19 (aOR, 1.96; 95%CI, 1.55–2.48; P<0.001) were associated with a higher rate of SPD. Among women aged 15–29 years, who experienced the highest rate of SPD, caregiving, DV, fear of COVID-19, and COVID-19-related stigma were associated with a higher rate of SPD; whereas economic situation (income level and employment type) and social isolation (marital status) were not associated with the prevalence of SPD.Conclusions and RelevanceEconomic situation, caregiving burden, DV, and fear of COVID-19 were independently associated with SPD during the COVID-19 pandemic. Among young women—who have a higher risk of suicide during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan—similar factors, except economic situation, were associated with a higher rate of SPD. Targeted interventions based on age and gender may be more effective in mitigating the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the population’s mental health.

Unemployment and Health: An Analysis of “Canada Health Survey” Data

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl D'Arcy ◽  
C. M. Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Emotional Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physician Visits ◽  
Health Differences ◽  
The Unemployed

This paper provides a cross-sectional analysis of the physical and emotional well-being of employed and unemployed workers. The data used consists of a sub-sample ( N = 14,313) drawn from the Canada Health Survey's national probability sample ( N = 31,688). The analysis indicates substantial health differences between employed and unemployed individuals. The unemployed showed significantly higher levels of distress, greater short-term and long-term disability, reported a large number of health problems, had been patients more often, and used proportionately more health services. Consistent with these measures, derived from self-reported data, physician-diagnosed measures also indicate a greater vulnerability of unemployed individuals to serious physical ailments such as heart trouble, pain in heart and chest, high blood pressure, spells of faint-dizziness, bone-joint problems and hypertension. While these health differences between the employed and unemployed persisted across socio-economic and demographic conditions, further analysis indicated strong interaction effects of SES and demographic variables on the association of employment status with physical and emotional health. Females and older unemployed individuals reported more health problems and physician visits whereas the younger unemployed (under 40) reported more psychological distress. The blue-collar unemployed were found to be considerably more vulnerable to physical illness whereas the unemployed with professional background reported more psychological distress. The low-income unemployed who were also the principal family earners, were the most psychologically distressed. A regional look at the data showed that the low-income unemployed suffered the most in terms of depressed mood in each region of the country. It is apparent that unemployment and its health impact reflect the wider class-based inequalities of advanced industrial societies. The need for social policies that effectively reduce unemployment and the detrimental impact of unemployment is clear.

scholarly journals Living conditions and receptive vocabulary of children aged two to five years

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 725-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Sílvia Basílio ◽  
Rosana Fiorini Puccini ◽  
Edina Mariko Koga da Silva ◽  
Márcia Regina Marcondes Pedromônico
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Mother’S Education ◽  
Mother's Education

OBJECTIVE: To assess the receptive vocabulary of children aged between two years and six months and five years and eleven months who were attending childcare centers and kindergarten schools. METHODS: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in the municipality of Embu, Southeastern Brazil. The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test and analysis of factors associated with children's performance were applied. The sample consisted of 201 children of both genders, aged between two and six years. Statistical analysis was performed using multivariate analysis and logistic regression model. The dependent variable analyzed was test performance and the independent variables were child's age, mother's level of education and family socio-demographic characteristics. RESULTS: It was observed that 44.3% of the children had performances in the test that were below what would be expected for their age. The factors associated with the best performances in the test were child's age (OR=2.4; 95% CI: 1.6-3.5) and mother's education level (OR= 3.2; 95% CI: 1.3-7.4). CONCLUSIONS: Mother's education level is important for child's language development. Settings such as childcare and kindergarten schools are protective factors for child development in families of low income and education.

Impact of Social Isolation on Physical Activity and Factors Associated With Sedentary Behavior in Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Giovana Z. Mazo ◽  
Felipe Fank ◽  
Pedro S. Franco ◽  
Bruna da Silva Vieira Capanema ◽  
Franciele da Silva Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Impact

The objective was to analyze the impact of social isolation on moderate physical activity and factors associated with sedentary behavior of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was a cross-sectional study involving 111 older adults (aged 71.0 ± 6.87 years). The data were collected at two time points: in November 2019 and in June 2020. There was a decline in moderate physical activity when the minutes/week were compared before and during social isolation (p < .001). Sedentary behavior was associated with the condition of living alone. Older adults who lived alone were 3.29 times more likely to spend 4 hr or more in sedentary behavior than those who lived with a partner (95% confidence interval [1.01, 10.74]). Government agencies must establish PA-related health promotion strategies, especially in developing and low-income countries. Therefore, home exercises need to be encouraged to prevent the consequences of this pandemic period.

scholarly journals Factors associated with cigarette experimentation among adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-454
Author(s):  
Luciene Dias Bispo Veiga ◽  
Claudio Bispo de Almeida ◽  
Paulo Da Fonseca Valença Neto ◽  
Adriana Alves Nery ◽  
Djanilson Barbosa dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Simple Random Sample ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Informed Consent Form ◽  
La Red

Objetivo: El presente estudio pretende identificar la prevalencia y factores asociados a la experimentación de tabaco en adolescentes.Método: El estudio epidemiológico, transversal, descriptivo y analítico realizado con una muestra aleatoria simple de escolares con edad de 14 a 19 años, matriculados en escuelas públicas de enseñanza media de la red estadual del área urbana del municipio de Jequié-BA. Se utilizó un cuestionario auto-aplicable de llenado voluntario, tras la firma del término de consentimiento libre y aclarado por el responsable cuando menor de 18 años. Se empleó el programa Epi DATA para la digitación de los datos y programa SPSS para calcular la razón de prevalencia y realizar la regresión de Poisson. Resultados: En el estudio de 765 adolescentes, siendo 59,9% del sexo femenino, 80,4% de etnia no blanca, 71,4% sin ocupación remunerada, 74% menos favorecidos económicamente y 37,9% consumen bebida alcohólica. El promedio de edad fue de 16,55 años (dp ± 1,33) años. La prevalencia de la experimentación de tabaco fue del 22,4%. Las variables: padres fuman (RP = 1,57, IC95%: 1,15-2,12), amigos fuman (RP = 2,15, IC95%: 1,56-2,95), uso de bebidas alcohólicas PR = 2,05; IC del 95%: 1.46 a 2.88) y la edad (OR = 1,36; IC del 95%: 1,01-1,84) fueron los que permitieron predecir mejor el riesgo de que un escolar experimente con el tabaco. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de experimentación fue 22,4%, y las variables que mejor permitieron predecir la predisposición de un escolar a experimentar el tabaco fueron tener padres fumadores, tener amigos que fuman, hacer uso de bebidas alcohólicas y ser del grupo de edad de 17 a 19 años. Objective: The present study aims to identify the prevalence and factors associated with cigarette experimentation among adolescents.Method: Cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical epidemiological study carried out with a simple random sample of students aged 14-19 years enrolled in public high schools in the urban area of the city of Jequié, in the state of Bahia. After the A self-administered questionnaire of voluntary completion was used after the participants (or their parents/guardians in the case of participants under 18) signed the free informed consent form. Data was entered with Epi DATA software and SPSS software was used to calculate the prevalence ratio and perform Poisson regression. Results: The study sample consisted of 765 adolescents, as follows: 59.9% were female individuals, 80.4% were non-white, 71.4% did not have a paid job, 74% lived in low-income families, and 37.9% used alcohol. The mean age was 16.55 years (sd ± 1.33) years. The prevalence of smoking experimentation was 22.4%. The variables: parental smoking (PR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.15-2.12), smoking friends (RP = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.56-2.95), alcohol drinking (OR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.46-2.88), and age group (RP = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.01-1.84) were the best predictors of the risk for experimentation with cigarettes among high school students.Conclusions: The prevalence of experimentation was 22.4%, and the variables that best predicted the likelihood of experimenting with tobacco among high school students were smoking parents, smoking friends, alcohol use and aged 17-19 years. Objetivo: O presente estudo visa identificar a prevalência e fatores associados à experimentação de tabaco em adolescentes.Método: Estudo epidemiológico, transversal, descritivo e analítico realizado com uma amostra aleatória simples, de escolares com idade de 14 a 19 anos, matriculada em escolas públicas de ensino médio da rede estadual da área urbana do município de Jequié-BA. Utilizou-se um questionário auto-aplicável de preenchimento voluntário, após assinatura do termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido pelo responsável quando menor de 18 anos. Empregou-se o programa Epi DATA para a digitação dos dados e programa SPSS para calcular a razão de prevalência e realizar a regressão de Poisson.Resultados: Participaram do estudo 765 adolescentes, sendo 59,9% do sexo feminino, 80,4% de etnia não branca, 71,4% sem ocupação remunerada, 74% menos favorecidos economicamente e 37,9% fazem uso de bebida alcoólica. A média de idade foi de 16,55 anos (dp±1,33) anos. A prevalência da experimentação de tabaco foi de 22,4%. As variáveis: pais fumam (RP=1,57; IC95%:1,15-2,12), amigos fumam (RP=2,15; IC95%:1,56-2,95), uso de bebidas alcoólicas (RP=2,05; IC95%:1,46-2,88) e grupo etário (RP= 1,36; IC95%:1,01-1,84) foram as que melhor permitiram prever o risco de um escolar vir a experimentar tabaco.Conclusões: A prevalência de experimentação foi 22,4%, e as variáveis que melhor permitiram prever a predisposição de um escolar vir a experimentar o tabaco foram possuir pais fumantes, ter amigos que fumam, fazer uso de bebidas alcoólicas e serem do grupo etário de 17 a 19 anos.

scholarly journals Prevalence and socioeconomic factors associated with smoking in people living with HIV by sex, in Recife, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 432-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna d’Arc Lyra Batista ◽  
Maria de Fátima Pessoa Militão de Albuquerque ◽  
Ricardo Arraes de Alencar Ximenes ◽  
Demócrito de Barros Miranda-Filho ◽  
Heloisa Ramos Lacerda de Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Low Income ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Heavy Alcohol ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction: Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the world. The prevalence of smoking is higher in people infected with HIV than in the general population. Although it is biologically plausible that smoking increases the morbidity and mortality of people living with HIV/AIDS, few studies in developing countries have analyzed the determinants and consequences of smoking in HIV infected people. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of smoking and identify the socioeconomic factors associated with smoking and smoking cessation in patients with HIV by sex. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with baseline data, obtained from an ongoing prospective cohort study of patients with HIV attending two referral centers in Recife, Northeast Region of Brazil, between July 2007 and October 2009. Results: The prevalence of current smoking was 28.9%. For both sexes, smoking was independently associated with heavy alcohol drinking and marijuana use. Among women, smoking was associated with living alone, not being married and illiteracy; and among men, being 40 years or older, low income and using crack. Compared with ex-smokers, current smokers were younger and more likely to be unmarried, heavy drinkers and marijuana users. Conclusions: It is important to incorporate smoking cessation interventions for the treatment of heavy alcohol drinkers and marijuana users with HIV/AIDS, which may increase life expectancy and quality of life, as smoking is related to risk of death, relapse of tuberculosis, and non communicable diseases.

scholarly journals Effect of Income Level and Perception of Susceptibility and Severity of COVID-19 on Stay-at-Home Preventive Behavior in a Group of Older Adults in Mexico City

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Esther Irigoyen-Camacho ◽  
Maria Consuelo Velazquez-Alva ◽  
Marco Antonio Zepeda-Zepeda ◽  
Maria Fernanda Cabrer-Rosales ◽  
Irina Lazarevich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Total Effect ◽  
Preventive Behavior ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Severity ◽  
At Home

Early information on public health behaviors adopted to prevent the spread of coronavirus (COVID-19) may be useful in controlling the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission. The objective of this study was to assess the role of income level (IL) and the perception of older adults, regarding COVID-19 susceptibility and severity, on adopting stay-at-home preventive behavior during the first week of the outbreak in Mexico. Participants in this cross-sectional study were urban community dwellers, aged ≥ 65 years from Mexico City. A total of 380 interviews were conducted over the phone. The mean respondent age was 72.9 years, and 76.1% were women. Over half (54.2%) of the participants perceived their susceptibility to COVID-19 as very low or low. Similarly, 33.4% perceived COVID-19 severity as being very low or low, and 57.6% had decided to stay at home: this behavior was associated with IL (β = 1.05, p < 0.001), and its total effect was partially mediated (15.1%) by perceived severity. Educational attainment was also associated with staying at home (β = 0.10, p = 0.018) and its total effect was partially mediated (15.0%) by perceived susceptibility. Interventions aimed at low income and less educated older adults should be developed to improve preventive behaviors in this vulnerable group during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Protective and risk factors associated with psychological distress in cancer-bereaved parents: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 101929
Author(s):  
Omid Rasouli ◽  
Malin Aarseth Bø ◽  
Trude Reinfjell ◽  
Unni Karin Moksnes ◽  
Mary-Elizabeth B. Eilertsen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Bereaved Parents

Are low-to-middle-income households experiencing food insecurity in Victoria, Australia? An examination of the Victorian Population Health Survey, 2006–2009

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Kleve ◽  
Zoe E. Davidson ◽  
Emma Gearon ◽  
Sue Booth ◽  
Claire Palermo
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Home Ownership ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Using Data

Food insecurity affects health and wellbeing. Little is known about the relationship between food insecurity across income levels. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and frequency of food insecurity in low-to-middle-income Victorian households over time and identify factors associated with food insecurity in these households. Prevalence and frequency of food insecurity was analysed across household income levels using data from the cross-sectional 2006–09 Victorian Population Health Surveys (VPHS). Respondents were categorised as food insecure, if in the last 12 months they had run out of food and were unable to afford to buy more. Multivariable logistic regression was used to describe factors associated with food insecurity in low-to-middle-income households (A$40000–$80000 in 2008). Between 4.9 and 5.5% for total survey populations and 3.9–4.8% in low-to-middle-income respondents were food insecure. Food insecurity was associated with limited help from friends, home ownership status, inability to raise money in an emergency and cost of some foods. Food insecurity exists in households beyond those on a very low income. Understanding the extent and implications of household food insecurity across all income groups in Australia will inform effective and appropriate public health responses.

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