scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors with sexual violence victimisation youth before, during and after the COVID-19 lockdown: a cross-sectional study in Spain

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. e055227
Author(s):  
Belén Sanz-Barbero ◽  
Carme Saurina ◽  
Laura Serra ◽  
Gemma Renart Vicens ◽  
Laura Vall-Llosera Casanovas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Sexual Attraction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Robust Poisson Regression

ObjectivesTo analyse the prevalence of sexual violence (SV) and associated factors in Spanish young adults in the last year and before, during and after the COVID-19 lockdown.DesignCross-sectional study based on the online ‘SV in Young People Survey’ (2020).SettingNon-institutionalised population residing in Spain.Participants2515 men and women aged 18–35 years old. The participants were obtained from a probability based, online closed panel of adults aged 16 or older that is representative of the non-institutionalised population. The sample designed includes quotas by sex, age, region and country of origin.Outcomes measures and analysesSV victimisation by sociodemographics, sexual attraction and couple-related characteristics during the past year and before, during and after the COVID-19 lockdown (March–June 2020). Prevalence ratios were calculated using robust Poisson regression models.ResultsIn Spain, 8.5% of young people experienced SV during the past year. The greatest prevalence was observed in women with bisexual attraction (17.5%) and in men with homosexual attraction (14.2%). During the COVID-19 lockdown, the prevalence of SV victimisation was lower (1.9%), but unwanted intercourses increased, affecting 64.4% of those exposed to SV during the period. People with homosexual or bisexual attraction were more likely to experience SV in all of the studied periods (PRbefore: 2.01; p<0.001; PRduring: 2.63 p=0.002; PRafter: 2.67; p<0.001). Women were more likely than men to experience SV prior to the lockdown, while no cohabitation increased the likelihood to experience SV after this periodConclusionsSV victimisation in Spanish youth is high. During COVID-19, there were changes in the magnitude of factors associated with SV. It seems that SV events decreased in people who did not live with their partners, but unwanted intercourses increased. The development of prevention strategies to address SV in youth should take into account social inequalities by sex, sexual orientation and origin.

scholarly journals The Magnitude of Wasting and Associated Factors among Children Aged 2-5 Years in Southern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Selamawit Dires ◽  
Moges Mareg
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Male Child ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Age Range

Background. Malnutrition accounts for almost half of the global under-five child mortality. Worm infections are one of the immediate and commonest causes that affect the nutritional status of children. There is limited data related to the magnitude of wasting and associated factors among children. Therefore, this study was aimed at assessing the magnitude of wasting and associated factors among children aged 2 to 5 years in the Wonago district of Gedeo Zone, southern Ethiopia. Methods. Community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted. A total of 3324 children aged 2-5 years were included in the study. A pretested semistructured questionnaire was used for data collection, and anthropometric measurements were computed using the World Health Organization Anthro-nutritional software. The multivariate logistic regression analyses with adjusted odds ratio, 95% confidence interval, and P value less than 0.05 were used to identify the factors significantly associated with wasting. Results. A total of 3273 children aged 2-5 years participated with a 98.5% response rate. The magnitude of wasting was 13%. The factors like government-employed fathers [ AOR = 1.93 ; 95% CI (1.08, 3.46)], child’s age range between 48 and 59 months [ AOR = 1.46 ; 95% CI (1.01, 2.09)], being a male child [ AOR = 1.42 ; 95% CI (1.07, 1.88)], having diarrheal disease in the past two weeks [ AOR = 0.39 ; 95% CI (0.17, 0.90)], and bathing less than two times per week [ AOR = 1.42 ; 95% CI (1.03, 1.96)] were factors significantly associated with wasting. Conclusion. Undernutrition in children is still a problem, and the proportion of wasting was 13%. Government-employed fathers, child’s age range between 48 and 59 months, being a male child, having diarrheal disease in the past two weeks, and bathing below two times per week were significantly associated with children’s nutritional status warranting close attention by policymakers and stakeholders. For researchers, a further longitudinal study is recommended to get strong evidence.

scholarly journals Using confirmatory factor analysis to explore associated factors of intimate partner violence in a sample of Chinese rural women: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e019465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengsu Hou ◽  
Catherine Cerulli ◽  
Marsha N, Wittink ◽  
Eric D. Caine ◽  
Peiyuan Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) among a sample of rural Chinese women and to explore associated factors.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingRural areas of Guangyuan City, Sichuan, China.ParticipantsWe recruited 1501 women, aged 16 years and older, who had been living locally for at least 2 years and reported being married or in a relationship during the past 12 months. They were among a sample of 1898 potential participants from our larger parent study on the prevalence of depressive-distress symptoms.MethodsParticipants completed demographic and social economic measures, the Short Form of the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale and the Duke Social Support Index. We applied χ2test, analysis of variance and confirmatory factor analysis for analysis.ResultsThe overall prevalence of IPV in the past 12 months was 29.05%; the prevalence of physical, psychological and sexual violence was 7.66%, 26.58% and 3.20%, respectively. The overall prevalence was highest among women aged 16–29 years, and was more common among those without a high school diploma and who saw their family’s financial status as very poor or stagnant. Women who were not victims of IPV had higher levels of social support. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the total effects of social support on physical, psychological and sexual violence were −0.12, –0.35 and −0.12, respectively. The indirect effects of objective economic status on physical, psychological and sexual violence were −0.047, –0.014 and −0.047, respectively, but the total effect was not significant. The indirect effect of education on psychological violence was −0.056.ConclusionIPV is common in rural Guangyuan. Our data are comparable with the findings from north-west of China. Social support is an important protective factor. Future work is needed to develop, test and later disseminate potential IPV interventions, with a focus on building actual and perceived supportive social networks.

scholarly journals Health service utilisation among African migrants in China: a nationwide cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e046746
Author(s):  
Ming Zhou Xiong ◽  
Peizhen Zhao ◽  
Xia Zou ◽  
Brian Hall ◽  
Honghua Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Service Utilisation ◽  
Service Utilisation ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
African Migrants ◽  
Health Utilisation

ObjectivesTo assess the health utilisation status and associated factors among African migrants in China.DesignA national cross-sectional study was conducted among African migrants in China in 2019.SettingParticipants were recruited online and offline to participate in a self-report survey. Online participants were recruited through WeChat across China, and offline participants were recruited in Guangzhou.ParticipantsWe recruited participants who were from an African country; had spent at least 1 month cumulatively in China; were at least 18 years old; were willing to provide informed consent. A total of 1025 participants were recruited online and offline, 19 of them were excluded due to invalid response and 1006 people were finally included in the analysis.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome was health service utilisation and associated factors among African migrants during their stay in China in the past 12 months. The potential factors include the predisposing factors (demographic characteristics and social structure variables), enabling factors (annual income, health insurance in China) and need factors (non-communicable chronic and infectious diseases, depression) which determined by Anderson framework were measured.ResultsEight hundred and seven online and 218 offline participants completed the survey, including 624 males and 382 females, with an average age of 26.4±8.9 years. Around 28.5% reported health utilization in the past 12 months. Results showed that longer duration in China, migration to China for business (aOR=2.23, 95% CI:1.13-4.40) and study (aOR=5.00, 95% CI:2.74-9.11), living in apartment (aOR=2.59, 95% CI:1.62-4.14) or dormitory (aOR=3.22, 95% CI:2.17-4.80) in China, suffering from chronic diseases, communicable diseases, and greater depressive symptoms (aOR=1.91, 95% CI:1.42-2.56) facilitated health service utilization.ConclusionsThe healthcare service that African migrants received in China is low. The existing public health policies and intervention measures need to be improved to make health utilisation more accessible and feasible for African migrants.

scholarly journals Glycemic control associated factors in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients: a cross sectional study

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Ramos Guzatti ◽  
Amely PS Balthazar ◽  
Maria Heloisa Busi da Silva Canalli ◽  
Thais Fagnani Machado
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Suicide attempt and its associated factors amongst women who were pregnant as adolescents in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Li ◽  
Syeda Zerin Imam ◽  
Zhengyue Jing ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Chengchao Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Adolescent Pregnancy ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Adolescent pregnancy is a risk factor for suicide. We aimed to assess the prevalence of suicide attempts among young women with adolescent pregnancy in Bangladesh and to explore its associated factors. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we surveyed young women with adolescent pregnancy in urban and rural areas in Bangladesh to assess suicide attempts, socio-demographic and pregnancy-related characteristics, perceived health status, and perceived social support. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between potentially related factors and suicide attempts. Results Of the participants, 6.5% (61/940) reported suicide attempts in the past 12 months, and the majority (88.5%) of the attempts happened within one year after the pregnancy. Participants with more years after first pregnancy (odds ratio (OR) = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.37–0.61) and more perceived social support from friends (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.55–0.86) were less likely to have suicide attempts, and those perceived bad health status compared with good/fair health status (OR = 8.38, 95% CI: 3.08–22.76) were more likely to attempt suicide. Conclusions Women with adolescent pregnancy were at high risk of suicide attempts, especially those during the first postnatal year. The risk of suicide attempts attenuated with the time after pregnancy, and perceived social support from friends was a protective factor and perceived bad health status was a risk factor for suicide attempts among young women who have experienced adolescent pregnancy.

scholarly journals Undernutrition and associated factors in orphan children aged 6–59 months in Gambella Southwest, Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e045892
Author(s):  
Solomon Feleke ◽  
Gudina Egata ◽  
Firehiwot Mesfin ◽  
Gizachew Yilak ◽  
Abebaw Molla
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Orphaned Children ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Children Under 5

ObjectiveThe study aimed to assess the prevalence of stunting, wasting, underweight and associated factors in orphaned children under 5 years old.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingGambella City, Ethiopia.ParticipantsA sample of 419 under 5 orphaned children included in the study. Eligible households with orphans had selected using a systematic random sampling method. The lottery method was used when more than one eligible study participants live in the household. An OR with 95% CI was performed to measure the strength of association between each dependent variable and independent variables. Variables with p<0.05 were declared statistically significant.Primary outcomeThe main outcome of this study was the prevalence of undernutrition among orphaned under 5 and its associated factors.ResultsPrevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight in orphan children under 5 were 12.2%, 37.8% and 21.7%, respectively. The prevalnce of wasting peaks among age group of 36–47 months (42.5%), whereas underweight peaks in 48–59 months (27.7%). Food insecurity, wealth index, family size, vitamin A supplementation, diarrhoea, fever 2 weeks before the survey, children under 5 and parents’ death were associated with undernutrition.ConclusionThe prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight among orphan children under 5 was significantly high. Multisectoral collaborative efforts towards access to health services, improving income-generating activities, micronutrient supplementation and social support and protection targeting orphan and vulnerable populations have to be built up.

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