scholarly journals Clinical characteristics and outcomes of adult patients admitted with COVID-19 in East London: a retrospective cohort analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e000813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryl Cheng ◽  
Claire Calderwood ◽  
Erik Skyllberg ◽  
Adam Ainley
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Asian Ethnicity ◽  
National Health Service Trust ◽  
Course Experience ◽  
The Uk

BackgroundDescriptions of clinical characteristics of patients hospitalised withCOVID-19, their clinical course and short-term inpatient and outpatient outcomes in deprived urban populations in the UK are still relatively sparse. We describe the epidemiology, clinical course, experience of non-invasive ventilation and intensive care, mortality and short-term sequelae of patients admitted to two large District General Hospitals across a large East London National Health Service Trust during the first wave of the pandemic.MethodsA retrospective analysis was carried out on a cohort of 1946 patients with a clinical or laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19, including descriptive statistics and survival analysis. A more detailed analysis was undertaken of a subset of patients admitted across three respiratory units in the trust.ResultsIncreasing age, male sex and Asian ethnicity were associated with worse outcomes. Increasing severity of chest X-ray abnormalities trended with mortality. Radiological changes persisted in over 50% of cases at early follow-up (6 weeks). Ongoing symptoms including hair loss, memory impairment, breathlessness, cough and fatigue were reported in 70% of survivors, with 39% of patients unable to return to work due to ongoing symptoms.ConclusionsUnderstanding the acute clinical features, course of illness and outcomes of COVID-19 will be crucial in understanding the effect of differences in risk, as well as the effectiveness of new interventions and vaccination between the successive waves of the pandemic.

scholarly journals Clinical characteristics and outcomes of adult patients admitted with COVID-19 in East London: a retrospective cohort analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryl Oswald Cheng ◽  
Claire Jacqueline Calderwood ◽  
Erik Wilhelm Skyllberg ◽  
Adam Denis Jeremy Ainley
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Asian Ethnicity ◽  
Persistent Symptoms ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Male Sex

AbstractBackgroundDescriptions of clinical characteristics of patients hospitalised with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), their clinical course and short-term in- and outpatient outcomes in deprived urban populations in the United Kingdom are still relatively sparse. We describe the epidemiology, clinical course, experience of non-invasive ventilation and intensive care, mortality and short-term sequalae of patients admitted to two large District General Hospitals across a large East London NHS Trust during the first wave of the pandemic.MethodsA retrospective analysis was carried out on a cohort of 1,946 patients with a clinical or laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19, including descriptive statistics and survival analysis. A more detailed analysis was undertaken of a subset of patients admitted across three Respiratory Units in the trust.ResultsIncreasing age, male sex and Asian ethnicity were associated with worse outcomes. Increasing severity of chest X-ray abnormalities trended with mortality. Radiological changes persisted in over 50% of cases at early follow up (6 weeks). Ongoing symptoms including hair loss, memory impairment, breathlessness, cough and fatigue were reported in 67% of survivors, with 42% of patients unable to return to work due to ongoing symptoms.ConclusionsUnderstanding the acute clinical features, course of illness and outcomes of COVID-19 will be vital in preparing for further peaks of the pandemic. Our initial follow up data suggest there are ongoing sequalae of COVID-19 including persistent symptoms and radiological abnormalities. Further data, including longer term follow up data, are necessary to improve our understanding of this novel pathogen and associated disease.Section 1: What is already known on this topicPrevious studies have reported that increasing age, male sex, Black and Asian ethnicity increased risk of death for patients admitted to hospital with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There is little published literature regarding the follow up of patients with COVID-19.Section 2: What this study addsOur study is one of the first with follow up data for patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. We show that radiological abnormality persisted at 6 weeks in over 50% of patients, as well as significantly increased breathlessness in patients without baseline dyspnoea. Our study confirms that increasing age, male sex and Asian ethnicity increased risk of death for patients, but also in an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse population in East London.

The Dynamics of the Short-Term Interest Rate in the UK

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diether W. Beuermann ◽  
Antonios Antoniou ◽  
Alejandro Bernales
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Uk

Specialist infantry and defence engagement

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjmilitary-2020-001455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Blair Thomas Herron ◽  
K M Heil ◽  
D Reid
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Future ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Insight Into

In 2015, the UK government published the National Strategic Defence and Security Review (SDSR) 2015, which laid out their vision for the future roles and structure of the UK Armed Forces. SDSR 2015 envisaged making broader use of the Armed Forces to support missions other than warfighting. One element of this would be to increase the scale and scope of defence engagement (DE) activities that the UK conducts overseas. DE activities traditionally involve the use of personnel and assets to help prevent conflict, build stability and gain influence with partner nations as part of a short-term training teams. This paper aimed to give an overview of the Specialist Infantry Group and its role in UK DE. It will explore the reasons why the SDSR 2015 recommended their formation as well as an insight into future tasks.

scholarly journals THE VALUE OF ROBUST STATISTICAL FORECASTS IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
Vol 256 ◽  
pp. 19-43
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Castle ◽  
Jurgen A. Doornik ◽  
David F. Hendry
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Epidemiological Models ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Data Measurement ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Changing Trends ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Uk

The Covid-19 pandemic has put forecasting under the spotlight, pitting epidemiological models against extrapolative time-series devices. We have been producing real-time short-term forecasts of confirmed cases and deaths using robust statistical models since 20 March 2020. The forecasts are adaptive to abrupt structural change, a major feature of the pandemic data due to data measurement errors, definitional and testing changes, policy interventions, technological advances and rapidly changing trends. The pandemic has also led to abrupt structural change in macroeconomic outcomes. Using the same methods, we forecast aggregate UK unemployment over the pandemic. The forecasts rapidly adapt to the employment policies implemented when the UK entered the first lockdown. The difference between our statistical and theory based forecasts provides a measure of the effect of furlough policies on stabilising unemployment, establishing useful scenarios had furlough policies not been implemented.

scholarly journals Summary of the Available Molecular Methods for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 during the Ongoing Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1298
Author(s):  
Fabio Arena ◽  
Simona Pollini ◽  
Gian Maria Rossolini ◽  
Maurizio Margaglione
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Genomic Evolution ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Silico Analysis

Since early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused an excess in morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Containment strategies rely firstly on rapid and sensitive laboratory diagnosis, with molecular detection of the viral genome in respiratory samples being the gold standard. The reliability of diagnostic protocols could be affected by SARS-CoV-2 genetic variability. In fact, mutations occurring during SARS-CoV-2 genomic evolution can involve the regions targeted by the diagnostic probes. Following a review of the literature and an in silico analysis of the most recently described virus variants (including the UK B 1.1.7 and the South Africa 501Y.V2 variants), we conclude that the described genetic variability should have minimal or no effect on the sensitivity of existing diagnostic protocols for SARS-CoV-2 genome detection. However, given the continuous emergence of new variants, the situation should be monitored in the future, and protocols including multiple targets should be preferred.

scholarly journals The clinical characteristics and short-term prognosis in elderly patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome

Medicine ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. e5848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Zhang ◽  
Xiujuan Wu ◽  
Donghui Shen ◽  
Ting Li ◽  
Chunrong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré

The Lived Experience of Financialization at the UK Financial Fringe

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
LINDSEY APPLEYARD ◽  
CARL PACKMAN ◽  
JORDON LAZELL ◽  
HUSSAN ASLAM
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Credit Market ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Dramatic Decline ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The financialization of everyday life has received considerable attention since the 2008 global financial crisis. Financialization is thought to have created active financial subjects through the ability to participate in mainstream financial services. While the lived experience of these mainstream financial subjects has been the subject of close scrutiny, the experiences of financial subjects at the financial fringe have been rarely considered. In the UK, for example, the introduction of High-Cost, Short-Term Credit [HCSTC] or payday loan regulation was designed to protect vulnerable people from accessing unaffordable credit. Exploring the impact of HCSTC regulation is important due to the dramatic decline of the high-cost credit market which helped meet essential needs in an era of austerity. As such, the paper examines the impact of the HCSTC regulation on sixty-four financially marginalized individuals in the UK that are unable to access payday loans. First, we identify the range of socioeconomic strategies that individuals employ to manage their finances to create a typology of financial subjectivity at the financial fringe. Second, we demonstrate how the temporal and precarious nature of financial inclusion at the financial fringe adds nuance to existing debates of the everyday lived experience of financialization.

Colostomy irrigation (part 2): contraindications, barriers to uptake, adherence and nurse education

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Hayley Page
Keyword(s):  
Short Term ◽  
Nursing Support ◽  
Potential Barriers ◽  
Colostomy Irrigation ◽  
Faecal Continence ◽  
Peristomal Skin ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Postoperative Education

Colostomy irrigation (CI) involves instillation of water via the stoma into the colon, where it stimulates peristalsis, causing expulsion of stool and water from the stoma. CI allows colostomates to regain controlled evacuation and faecal continence. The first article considered the impact of CI on colostomates' quality of life, including flatus, odour and peristomal skin health, as well as psychological wellbeing. This second article explores the potential barriers to successfully adopting CI. The uptake of CI in the UK remains relatively low. CI is contraindicated in active disease, and there is debate about whether it is suitable in colostomates with stoma-related complications and of different ages. Barriers to uptake among stoma care nurses include misconceptions about safety, physician consent and cost, as well as issues relating to commencement time and the setting and pace of postoperative education. For colostomates, barriers to adherence include short-term issues that can be resolved with nursing support, as well as the time taken to perform irrigation and changes related to older age. Many of these barriers could be overcome with robust education programmes.

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