Postscript: intermittent self catheterisation (May 13 1991, page 37)

1991 ◽  
Vol 29 (19) ◽  
pp. 76-76
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Motor Neurone ◽  
Young Girl ◽  
Bladder Function ◽  
Mechanical Obstruction ◽  
Recurrent Infections ◽  
Urodynamic Assessment

In commenting on this article, a gynaecologist well-versed in bladder function notes that gynaecological problems do not cause a hypotonic bladder. In women this follows a lower motor neurone lesion, or rarely a mechanical obstruction; sometimes it might result from infrequent voiding as a young girl, combined with recurrent infections which weaken the bladder wall. The commonest symptoms in women differ from those in men: they are hesitancy, poor stream, straining to void, and incomplete emptying. He also stresses the value of urodynamic assessment where frequent catheterisation and adjustment of fluid intake do not keep a patient dry.

scholarly journals Engineered Stem Cells Improve Neurogenic Bladder by Overexpressing SDF-1 in a Pelvic Nerve Injury Rat Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 096368972090246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guan Qun Zhu ◽  
Seung Hwan Jeon ◽  
Kyu Won Lee ◽  
Hyuk Jin Cho ◽  
U-Syn Ha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Neurogenic Bladder ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Bladder Function ◽  
Pelvic Nerve ◽  
Injured Nerve

There is still a lack of sufficient research on the mechanism behind neurogenic bladder (NB) treatment. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of overexpressed stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) secreted by engineered immortalized mesenchymal stem cells (imMSCs) on the NB. In this study, primary bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) were transfected into immortalized upregulated SDF-1-engineered BM-MSCs (imMSCs/eSDF-1+) or immortalized normal SDF-1-engineered BM-MSCs (imMSCs/eSDF-1−). NB rats induced by bilateral pelvic nerve (PN) transection were treated with imMSCs/eSDF-1+, imMSCs/eSDF-1−, or sham. After a 4-week treatment, the bladder function was assessed by cystometry and voiding pattern analysis. The PN and bladder tissues were evaluated via immunostaining and western blotting analysis. We found that imMSCs/eSDF-1+ expressed higher levels of SDF-1 in vitro and in vivo. The treatment of imMSCs/eSDF-1+ improved NB and evidently stimulated the recovery of bladder wall in NB rats. The recovery of injured nerve was more effective in the NB+imMSCs/eSDF-1+ group than in other groups. High SDF-1 expression improved the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor. Apoptosis was decreased after imMSCs injection, and was detected rarely in the NB+imMSCs/eSDF-1+ group. Injection of imMSCs boosted the expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, p-AKT, and p-ERK in the NB+imMSCs/eSDF-1+ group than in other groups. Our findings demonstrated that overexpression of SDF-1 induced additional MSC homing to the injured tissue, which improved the NB by accelerating the restoration of injured nerve in a rat model.

Bladder Problems

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Eric Ahlskog
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Neurogenic Bladder ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Bladder Function ◽  
System Control ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Urinary problems occur with normal aging. In women they often relate to the changes in female anatomy due to the delivering of babies. With superimposed age-related changes in soft tissues, laxity may result in incontinence (loss of urinary control), especially with coughing, laughing, or straining. In men the opposite symptom tends to occur: urinary hesitancy (inability to evacuate the bladder). This is due to constriction of the bladder outlet by an enlarging prostate; the prostate normally surrounds the urethra, through which urine passes. DLB and PDD are often associated with additional bladder problems. Recall that the autonomic nervous system regulates bladder function and that this system tends to malfunction in Lewy disorders. Hence, reduced bladder control is frequent among those with DLB, PDD, and Parkinson’s disease. This condition is termed neurogenic bladder, which implies that the autonomic nervous system control of bladder reflexes is not working properly. This may manifest as urgency with incontinence or hesitancy. Neurogenic bladder problems require different strategies than those used for treating the simple age-related problems that develop in mid-life and beyond. Moreover, there are certain caveats to treatment once a neurogenic bladder is recognized. The bladder is simply a reservoir that holds urine. It is located in the lower pelvis and is distant from the kidneys. The kidneys essentially filter the circulating blood and make the urine. The urine flows down from the kidneys into the bladder, as shown in Figure 14.1. Normally, as the bladder slowly fills with urine, a reflex is triggered when it is nearly full. This results in conscious awareness of the need to urinate, plus it primes the reflexive tendency of the bladder to contract in order to expel the urinary contents. The bladder is able to contract because of muscles in the bladder walls. Normally, nerves activate these muscles at the appropriate time, which forcefully squeeze the bladder, expelling the urine. Nerve sensors in the bladder wall are activated by bladder filling and transmit this information to the central nervous system, ramping up bladder wall muscle activity.

Microvasculature of the Urinary Bladder of the Dog: A Study Using Vascular Corrosion Casting

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred E. Hossler ◽  
Race L. Kao
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Capillary Density ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Bladder Function ◽  
Corrosion Casting ◽  
Normal Bladder ◽  
And Control

The urinary bladder is an unusual organ in that its normal function includes filling and emptying with alternating changes in internal pressure. Although fluctuations in blood flow to the bladder wall are known to accompany these changes, detailed descriptions of the bladder microvasculature are sparse. The present study uses vascular corrosion casting and scanning electron microscopy to describe the three-dimensional anatomy of the microvasculature of the urinary bladder of the dog. Specialized features of that microvasculature, including collateral circulation, vessel folding, vessel orientation, the presence of valves and sphincters, and mucosal capillary density, that may enhance and control blood flow during normal bladder function, are described and discussed.

Towards a Structurally Based Constitutive Model of Urinary Bladder Wall Tissue Remodeling After Spinal Cord Injury

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Wognum ◽  
Michael S. Sacks
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Constitutive Model ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Bladder Function ◽  
Biomechanical Behavior ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is accompanied by urologic complications, characterized by two phases (early areflexic phase and late hyperreflexic phase), where the routine function of the urinary bladder of storing urine and voiding becomes compromised. In addition to functional deficiencies, these pathologies are often accompanied by changes in bladder wall tissue morphology and mechanical properties. Our experimental studies have revealed that the bladder wall can undergo rapid remodeling post-SCI (figs.1,2) and exhibits complex biomechanical responses (fig.2B) [1,2,3,4]. These remodeling events will result in profound changes in bladder wall biomechanical behavior (fig.2) and ultimately organ function. The specific alterations in mechanical behavior and functional properties of bladder wall tissue and the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. A multi-phase structural constitutive model of the bladder wall is clearly needed to understand how changes in various tissue components produce observed changes in bladder function.

Enlarging enterocystoplasty in neurologic bladder and interstitial cystitis

1996 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 538-541
Author(s):  
F. Fanciullacci ◽  
L. Barana
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Cystitis ◽  
Functional Assessment ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Assessment Criteria ◽  
Bladder Function ◽  
Urinary Continence ◽  
Intestinal Segment ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Severe Fibrosis

Enlarging enterocystoplasty (EA) is widely used to restore bladder function in patients with neurologic bladder or severe fibrosis of the bladder wall. Results are excellent regarding the creation of a suitably sized and compliant reservoir, while voiding and urinary continence depend on the functional conditions of the original bladder. Intermittent catheterism (CI) or restoration of sphincteric function are often necessary. The indications, choice of intestinal segment, EA functional assessment criteria and results are discussed.

scholarly journals Urinary Bladder Contraction and Relaxation: Physiology and Pathophysiology

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 935-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl-Erik Andersson ◽  
Anders Arner
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Outlet Obstruction ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Bladder Function ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Detrusor Smooth Muscle ◽  
Functional Changes

The detrusor smooth muscle is the main muscle component of the urinary bladder wall. Its ability to contract over a large length interval and to relax determines the bladder function during filling and micturition. These processes are regulated by several external nervous and hormonal control systems, and the detrusor contains multiple receptors and signaling pathways. Functional changes of the detrusor can be found in several clinically important conditions, e.g., lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and bladder outlet obstruction. The aim of this review is to summarize and synthesize basic information and recent advances in the understanding of the properties of the detrusor smooth muscle, its contractile system, cellular signaling, membrane properties, and cellular receptors. Alterations in these systems in pathological conditions of the bladder wall are described, and some areas for future research are suggested.

scholarly journals Severe Posterior Infra-occlusion on a Young Girl Posing a Diagnostic Challenge- Review and Report of a Case of Primary Failure of Eruption

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirna Awad ◽  
Lana Dalbah ◽  
M Srirengalakshmi ◽  
Adith Venugopal ◽  
Nikhilesh Vaid
Keyword(s):  
Young Girl ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Mechanical Obstruction ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Primary Failure Of Eruption

Primary failure of eruption is characterized by a non-syndromic eruption failure of permanent teeth in the absence of any mechanical obstruction. Applying orthodontic traction to teeth affected by PFE will not be successful and may cause ankylosis. This correspondence reviews and demonstrates the treatment of a case of PFE.

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