scholarly journals Association between combat-related traumatic injury and cardiovascular risk

Heart ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. heartjnl-2021-320296
Author(s):  
Christopher J Boos ◽  
Susie Schofield ◽  
Paul Cullinan ◽  
Daniel Dyball ◽  
Nicola T Fear ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Longitudinal Impact ◽  
Visceral Fat Area ◽  
Hs Crp

ObjectiveThe association between combat-related traumatic injury (CRTI) and cardiovascular risk is uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the association between CRTI and both metabolic syndrome (MetS) and arterial stiffness.MethodsThis was a prospective observational cohort study consisting of 579 male adult UK combat veterans (UK-Afghanistan War 2003–2014) with CRTI who were frequency-matched to 565 uninjured men by age, service, rank, regiment, deployment period and role-in-theatre. Measures included quantification of injury severity (New Injury Severity Score (NISS)), visceral fat area (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), arterial stiffness (heart rate-adjusted central augmentation index (cAIx) and pulse wave velocity (PWV)), fasting venous blood glucose, lipids and high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP).ResultsOverall the participants were 34.1±5.4 years, with a mean (±SD) time from injury/deployment of 8.3±2.1 years. The prevalence of MetS (18.0% vs 11.8%; adjusted risk ratio 1.46, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.94, p<0.0001) and the mean cAIx (17.61%±8.79% vs 15.23%±8.19%, p<0.0001) were higher among the CRTI versus the uninjured group, respectively. Abdominal waist circumference, visceral fat area, triglycerides, estimated insulin resistance and hs-CRP levels were greater and physical activity and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol lower with CRTI. There were no significant between-group differences in blood glucose, blood pressure or PWV. CRTI, injury severity (↑NISS), age, socioeconomic status (SEC) and physical activity were independently associated with both MetS and cAIx.ConclusionsCRTI is associated with an increased prevalence of MetS and arterial stiffness, which are also influenced by age, injury severity, physical activity and SEC. The longitudinal impact of CRTI on clinical cardiovascular events needs further examination.

scholarly journals Evaluation of non-invasive arterial stiffness parameters and their relationship with physical activity, anthropometric indices and lipid profiles in healthy middle-aged adults: results of the PERSIAN cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Nosrati-Oskouie ◽  
Sajjad Arefinia ◽  
Saeed Eslami Hasan Abadi ◽  
Abdolreza Norouzy ◽  
Hamed Khedmatgozar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Visceral Fat Area ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Background: Arterial stiffness (AS) indicates the initial stage of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which associated with modifiable and lifestyle risk factors. We aimed to examine the association of AS with anthropometric indices, lipid profiles, and physical activity. Methods: 658 healthy middle-aged adults selected and anthropometric indices (body mass index (BMI), waist circumferences (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), neck circumferences (NC), a body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI), body-fat mass (BFM), visceral-fat, fat-free mass(FFM), lipid profiles, and PA were measured. Arterial Stiffness measured by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) and central augmentation index (cAIx). Results: Our results show, cf-PWV positively associated with TGs (β = 0.10, p = 0.01) and in anthropometric indices corelated with, WC (β = 0.11, p = 0.02), WHR (β = 0.09, p = 0.03), WHtR (β = 0.1, p = 0.02), and BRI (β = 0.09, p = 0.04). cAIx was independently positive association with cholesterol (β = 0.08, p = 0.03), WC (β = 0.1, p = 0.03), WHR (β = 0.09, p = 0.02), ABSI (β = 0.09, p = 0.01), BRI (β = 0.08, p = 0.05), visceral-fat area (β = 0.09, p = 0.03) and BFM (β = 0.08, p = 0.04) and negatively associated with PA (β = -0.08, p = 0.03). Conclusions: WC, WHR, and BRI were associated with both cf-PWV and cAIx. TGs and WHtR associated with cf-PWV, while cAIx was associated with ABSI, so improving these indices may be helpful to prevent CVD.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study of the relationships between different components of sarcopenia and brachial ankle pulse wave velocity in community-dwelling elderly

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Dong Rong ◽  
Ai-Lin Bian ◽  
Hui-Ying Hu ◽  
Yue Ma ◽  
Xin-Zi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Visceral Fat Area ◽  
Appendicular Skeletal Muscle ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Previous studies have just found skeletal muscle mass decline is associated with arterial stiffness, but it is unclear whether muscle strength and physical performance as important compositions of sarcopenia are associated with arterial stiffness.The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between sarcopenia, the components of sarcopenia and arterial stiffness among elderly in the community. Methods: This study enrolled 450 elderly people who received general medical examinations in Tianjin First Central Hospital. Each of the subjects was greater than 65 years old, including 266 male and 184 female subjects. Based on the diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia in older people developed by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS), 89 subjects were separated into the sarcopenia group. The living habits, disease status, general status and laboratory examinations of all subjects were collected. The body composition (including appendicular skeletal muscle mass and visceral fat area (VFA) of each participant) was measured by bioimpedance analysis. HS, usual gait speed (GS), and brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) were measured. Results : Sarcopenia subjects had higher baPWV, nutrition risk and lower appendicular skeletal muscle index(ASMI), Handgrip strength(HS), GS, body mass index(BMI), triacylglycerol(TG), serum albumin(ALB) and creatinine(Cr) than did non-sarcopenia subjects; Sarcopenia subjects also had higher visceral fat area (VFA) than did non-sarcopenia subjects (p<0.05). ASMI and HS were negatively correlated with baPWV (t=-5.807, p=0.000 and t=-3.085, p=0.002), but the relationship between baPWV and GS was not statistically significant (t=-0.862, p=0.389) by multivariable linear regression. After adjusting for confounders, a multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that sarcopenia was related with age, BMI, sports and baPWV in community dwelling elderly.Conclusions: ASMI and HS were negatively correlated with baPWV in community dwelling elderly in China; and baPWV was a risk factor of sarcopenia.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study of the relationships between different components of sarcopenia and brachial ankle pulse wave velocity in community-dwelling elderly

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Dong Rong ◽  
Ai-Lin Bian ◽  
Hui-Ying Hu ◽  
Yue Ma ◽  
Xin-Zi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Visceral Fat Area ◽  
Appendicular Skeletal Muscle ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Declination of skeletal muscle mass or sarcopenia is associated with the arterial stiffness. However, but it is unclear whether muscle strength and physical performance; important contributors of sarcopenia are associated with the arterial stiffness. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between sarcopenia, the components of sarcopenia and arterial stiffness among elderly population. Methods Four hundred and fifty community dwelling elderly participants (266 male, and 184 female, >65 years) were enrolled in this study. Each participant received general medical examinations in Tianjin First Center Hospital. Based on the diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia in older people developed by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS), 89 participants were separated into the sarcopenia group. The living habits, disease status, general status and laboratory examinations of all participants were collected. The body composition (including appendicular skeletal muscle mass , and visceral fat area (VFA) was measured by bioimpedance analysis. Handgrip strength (HS), usual gait speed (GS), and brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) were measured. Results Sarcopenia participants had higher baPWV, nutrition risk and lower appendicular skeletal muscle index(ASMI), HS, GS, body mass index(BMI), triacylglycerol(TG), serum albumin(ALB) and creatinine(Cr) than the non-sarcopenia participants; Sarcopenia participants also had higher visceral fat area (VFA)compared to non-sarcopenia participants (p<0.05). ASMI and HS were negatively associated with baPWV (t=-5.807, p=0.000 and t=-3.085, p=0.002), but the relationship between baPWV, and GS was not statistically significant (t=-0.862, p=0.389) by multivariable linear regression. After adjusting for confounders, a multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that sarcopenia was related to age, BMI, sports and baPWV in community dwelling elderly. Conclusions ASMI and HS were negatively associated with baPWV in community dwelling elderly in China; and baPWV was a risk factor of sarcopenia.

A STUDY ON COMPARISING BETWEEN THE VALUE OF RATIO BODY FAT (BFP), THE VISCERAL FAT (VFL) AND BMI, WAIST AND SOME OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR - METABOLISM RISK FACTORS

2011 ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
Hai Quy Tram Nguyen ◽  
Khanh Hang Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
High Level

Objective: To survey the value of Percentage Body Fat ( BFP) and the visceral fat (VFL) in some of the Cardiovascular risk factors assessment in the community. Subjects and methods: 2530 people (1161 men and 1369 women) more than 15 years old; BMI, WAIST, BFP and VFL were measured by Omron machine through two community researches in Thua Thien Hue from 2007-2008. Results: 1.Percentage of Body Fat ( BFP) in men, slightly above high level is 54.2% and above high level is 21%. 2. Percentage Body Fat (BFP) in women, slightly above high is 85.28% and above high level is 65.88%. 3. Percentage the visceral fat (VFL) in men, slightly high is 16.52% and above high level is 1.22%. 4. Percentage the visceral fat (VFL) in women, slightly high is 8.21% and above high level 0.52%. 5. In groups of people regardless of male or female whose VFL ≥ 15: 61.9% hypertension, 66.7% hyperglycemia, 76.2% patients have cholesterol concentration at risk, 66.7% at the early (non?) concentration increased - HDL.C risk and both of them are higher than BMI ≥ 23 group. 6. In the men groups with Percentage of the visceral fat (VFL) ≥ 15: 57.14% hypertension, concentration risks HDL.C is 21.42% higher than groups with VB at risk. While the group BFP that the rate of factors biological risk lower than the group which has BFP and VFL ≥ 15. 7. Percentage of the visceral fat (VFL) in women ≥ 15 with the rate of hypertension is 71.42%, concentration risks HDL.C is 100%, TG is 71.42%, LDL.C is 85.71% and Non-HDL.C is 85.71%. All are higher than the risky waistgroups, while the female group BFP that the rate of factors bilogical risk lower than the risk of BFP and VFL ≥ 15 group. 8. VFL levels ≥ 10 in men has the rate of hypertension 43.35%, blood glucose ≥ 5.6 mmol is 49.75%, TC concentration risk is 62.06%, TG concentration risk is 61, 57%, the concentration LDL.C risk is 54.18% and non-HDL.C risk is 58.03% are equal or higher than the groups with risky waist while BFP level in men ≥ 20 has the rate of risk factors are much lower than the risk of the group with BFP ≥ 10. 9.In VFL levels ≥ 10 in men: 41.52% hypertension, blood glucose ≥ 5.6 mmol is 57.62%, 62.71% have TC concentration at risk, TG concentration risk is 55, 08%, the concentration LDL.C risk is 62.71% and non-HDL.C risk is 59.32% are equal or higher than the groups with risky waist while BFP level in men ≥ 30 has the rate of risk factors are much lower than the risk of the group with risky waist and BFP ≥10. Conclusion: There is no value in BFP Index but VFL Index is significant in cardiovascular risk prediction and VFL Index probably ≥ 10 instead of ≥ 15 as some of previous recommendations.

Patterns and Effects of Admission Hyperglycemia And Inflammatory Response in Trauma Patients: A Prospective Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman El-Menyar ◽  
Mohammad Asim ◽  
Fayaz Mir ◽  
Suhail Hakim ◽  
Ahad Kanbar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Hospital Length ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Severity Of Injury ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
Initial Blood

Abstract Background: Hyperglycemia following trauma could be a response to stress. The constellation of the initial hyperglycemia, proinflammatory cytokines and severity of injury among trauma patients is understudied. We aimed to evaluate the patterns and effects of on-admission hyperglycemia and inflammatory response in a level 1 trauma center admissions. Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted for adult trauma patients who were admitted and tested for on-admission blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, interleukin (IL)-6 ,Il-18 and hs-CRP. Patients were categorized into 4 groups (non-diabetic normoglycemic, diabetic normoglycemic, diabetic hyperglycemic (DH) and stress-induced hyperglycemic (SIH)). The inflammatory markers were measured on 3 time points (admission, 24 h, and 48 h). Pearson’s correlation test and logistic regression analysis were performed. We hypothesized that higher initial readings of blood glucose and cytokines are associated with severe injuries and worse in-hospital outcomes in trauma patients.Results: During the study period, 250 adult trauma patients were enrolled. Almost 13% of patients presented with hyperglycemia (SIH&DH); of whom 50% had SIH. Compared to the other 3 groups; SIH patients were younger, had significantly higher ISS, higher IL-6 readings, prolonged hospital length of stay and higher mortality. The SIH group had lower Revised Trauma Score (p=0.005), lower Trauma Injury Severity Score (p=0.01) and lower GCS (p=0.001). IL-18 and hs-CRP were comparable among the study groups. Compared to the normoglycemia groups, patients with hyperglycemia had elevated high- sensitive troponin T (p=0.001) and required more blood transfusion (p=0.03). Patients with hyperglycemia had 3-times higher in-hospital mortality than the normoglycemia groups (p=0.02). A significant correlation was identified between initial blood glucose and serum lactate, IL-6, ISS and hospital length of stay. IL-6 correlated well with ISS (r=0.40, p=0.001). On- admission blood glucose had age-sex-GCS adjusted odd ratio 1.20(95% CI 1.06-1.33, p=0.003) for severe injury (ISS≥16).Conclusions: On-admission hyperglycemia is associated with a significant severer injury than normoglycemia patients. Initial blood glucose correlates with serum IL-6 which indicates a potential role of the systemic inflammatory response in the disease pathogenesis among the injured patients. On-admission glucose level could be a useful marker of injury severity, triage and risk assessment in trauma patients.This study was registered at the ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT02999386), retrospectively Registered on December 21, 2016 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02999386.

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