scholarly journals Cost-effectiveness of neighbourhood slow zones in New York City

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boshen Jiao ◽  
Sooyoung Kim ◽  
Jonas Hagen ◽  
Peter Alexander Muennig
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
York City ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis

BackgroundNeighbourhood slow zones (NSZs) are areas that attempt to slow traffic via speed limits coupled with other measures (eg, speed humps). They appear to reduce traffic crashes and encourage active transportation. We evaluate the cost-effectiveness of NSZs in New York City (NYC), which implemented them in 2011.MethodsWe examined the effectiveness of NSZs in NYC using data from the city’s Department of Transportation in an interrupted time series analysis. We then conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis using a Markov model. One-way sensitivity analyses and Monte Carlo analyses were conducted to test error in the model.ResultsAfter 2011, road casualties in NYC fell by 8.74% (95% CI 1.02% to 16.47%) in the NSZs but increased by 0.31% (95% CI −3.64% to 4.27%) in the control neighbourhoods. Because injury costs outweigh intervention costs, NSZs resulted in a net savings of US$15 (95% credible interval: US$2 to US$43) and a gain of 0.002 of a quality-adjusted life year (QALY, 95% credible interval: 0.001 to 0.006) over the lifetime of the average NSZ resident relative to no intervention. Based on the results of Monte Carlo analyses, there was a 97.7% chance that the NSZs fall under US$50 000 per QALY gained.ConclusionWhile additional causal models are needed, NSZs appeared to be an effective and cost-effective means of reducing road casualties. Our models also suggest that NSZs may save more money than they cost.

scholarly journals The Cost-Effectiveness of Bike Share Expansion to Low-Income Communities in New York City

2018 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 888-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenya Yu ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Boshen Jiao ◽  
Zafar Zafari ◽  
Peter Muennig
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Low Income ◽  
York City ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Bike Share

scholarly journals Modelling the cost-effectiveness of person-centred care for patients with acute coronary syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1317-1327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Pirhonen ◽  
Hanna Gyllensten ◽  
Andreas Fors ◽  
Kristian Bolin
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Usual Care ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Background Person-centred care has been shown to be cost-effective compared to usual care for several diseases, including acute coronary syndrome, in a short-term time perspective (< 2 years). The cost-effectiveness of person-centred care in a longer time perspective is largely unknown. Objectives To estimate the mid-term cost-effectiveness of person-centred care compared to usual care for patients (< 65) with acute coronary syndrome, using a 2-year and a 5-year time perspective. Methods The mid-term cost-effectiveness of person-centred care compared to usual care was estimated by projecting the outcomes observed in a randomized-controlled trial together with data from health registers and data from the scientific literature, 3 years beyond the 2-year follow-up, using the developed simulation model. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed using Monte Carlo simulation. Results Person-centred care entails lower costs and improved effectiveness as compared to usual care, for a 2-year time and a 5-year perspective. Monte Carlo simulations suggest that the likelihoods of the person-centred care being cost-effective compared to usual care were between 80 and 99% and between 75 and 90% for a 2-year and a 5-year time perspective (using a 500,000 SEK/QALY willingness-to-pay threshold). Conclusions Person-centred care was less costly and more effective compared to usual care in a 2-year and a 5-year time perspective for patients with acute coronary syndrome under the age of 65.

scholarly journals A statistical model investigating the prevalence of tuberculosis in New York City using counting processes with two change-points

2008 ◽  
Vol 136 (12) ◽  
pp. 1599-1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. ACHCAR ◽  
E. Z. MARTINEZ ◽  
A. RUFFINO-NETTO ◽  
C. D. PAULINO ◽  
P. SOARES
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Markov Chain ◽  
Bayesian Analysis ◽  
York City ◽  
Poisson Processes ◽  
Change Points ◽  
Counting Processes ◽  
Parameters Of Interest

SUMMARYWe considered a Bayesian analysis for the prevalence of tuberculosis cases in New York City from 1970 to 2000. This counting dataset presented two change-points during this period. We modelled this counting dataset considering non-homogeneous Poisson processes in the presence of the two-change points. A Bayesian analysis for the data is considered using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. Simulated Gibbs samples for the parameters of interest were obtained using WinBugs software.

scholarly journals Identifying airborne transmission as the dominant route for the spread of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (26) ◽  
pp. 14857-14863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renyi Zhang ◽  
Yixin Li ◽  
Annie L. Zhang ◽  
Yuan Wang ◽  
Mario J. Molina
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Protective Measure ◽  
Airborne Transmission ◽  
Social Distancing

Various mitigation measures have been implemented to fight the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, including widely adopted social distancing and mandated face covering. However, assessing the effectiveness of those intervention practices hinges on the understanding of virus transmission, which remains uncertain. Here we show that airborne transmission is highly virulent and represents the dominant route to spread the disease. By analyzing the trend and mitigation measures in Wuhan, China, Italy, and New York City, from January 23 to May 9, 2020, we illustrate that the impacts of mitigation measures are discernable from the trends of the pandemic. Our analysis reveals that the difference with and without mandated face covering represents the determinant in shaping the pandemic trends in the three epicenters. This protective measure alone significantly reduced the number of infections, that is, by over 75,000 in Italy from April 6 to May 9 and over 66,000 in New York City from April 17 to May 9. Other mitigation measures, such as social distancing implemented in the United States, are insufficient by themselves in protecting the public. We conclude that wearing of face masks in public corresponds to the most effective means to prevent interhuman transmission, and this inexpensive practice, in conjunction with simultaneous social distancing, quarantine, and contact tracing, represents the most likely fighting opportunity to stop the COVID-19 pandemic. Our work also highlights the fact that sound science is essential in decision-making for the current and future public health pandemics.

scholarly journals The cost-effectiveness of PHQ screening and collaborative care for depression in New York City

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. e0184210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boshen Jiao ◽  
Zohn Rosen ◽  
Martine Bellanger ◽  
Gary Belkin ◽  
Peter Muennig
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Collaborative Care ◽  
York City ◽  
The Cost

The Prince George - More Than Just A Home

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Rosanne Haggerty ◽  
Ellen Goetz
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Support System ◽  
York City ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Supportive Housing ◽  
Supportive Community

Common Ground's vision of supportive housing, as exemplified by The Prince George, is comprehensive, cost-effective, aesthetically pleasing and community-minded. Along with its other programmes throughout New York City and in Connecticut, The Prince George is helping Common Ground (CG) solve homelessness. CG believes that transitioning out of homelessness requires more than a home, more than good health, more than a job and more than a supportive community - the entire package is necessary. And that's exactly what The Prince George provides: a comprehensive support system designed to help people regain lives of stability and independence.

scholarly journals Cost-effective treatment of ocular surface squamous neoplasia for an undocumented and uninsured New York City patient: a case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman A. Saffra ◽  
Trisha S. Emborgo ◽  
Codrin E. Iacob ◽  
David S. Kirsch
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
York City ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment

Abstract Background New York City has a heterogeneous population with many undocumented and uninsured immigrants from equatorial areas who have a higher incidence of ocular surface squamous neoplasia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented selection of this cost-effective treatment of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (the use of absolute ethanol along the corneal margin, primary excision, double freeze-thaw cryopexy, and primary conjunctival closure) for an undocumented and uninsured New York City patient. Case presentation A 35-year-old man from Ecuador presented to a New York City emergency department due to worsening discomfort of a long-standing left eye pterygium. A slit-lamp examination of the left eye demonstrated a nasally located conjunctival mass measuring 6 × 8 mm extending onto the cornea (3 mm superiorly and 6 mm inferiorly on the cornea). Histological diagnosis confirmed squamous cell carcinoma in situ arising from the pterygium. Surgical excision with adjunctive absolute alcohol with additive double freeze-thaw cryopexy was performed. Our patient has remained free of tumor recurrence at year 2 postoperative visit. Conclusions Our case highlights the need to choose a cost-effective treatment for ocular surface squamous neoplasia in an at-risk population among undocumented and uninsured patients. Areas in the world with similar types of populations or treatment challenges may need to consider this approach as a primary treatment option.

scholarly journals Reductions in commuting mobility correlate with geographic differences in SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in New York City

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Kissler ◽  
Nishant Kishore ◽  
Malavika Prabhu ◽  
Dena Goffman ◽  
Yaakov Beilin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
York City ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
Geographic Differences ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Related Mortality

Abstract SARS-CoV-2-related mortality and hospitalizations differ substantially between New York City neighborhoods. Mitigation efforts require knowing the extent to which these disparities reflect differences in prevalence and understanding the associated drivers. Here, we report the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in New York City boroughs inferred using tests administered to 1,746 pregnant women hospitalized for delivery between March 22nd and May 3rd, 2020. We also assess the relationship between prevalence and commuting-style movements into and out of each borough. Prevalence ranged from 11.3% (95% credible interval [8.9%, 13.9%]) in Manhattan to 26.0% (15.3%, 38.9%) in South Queens, with an estimated city-wide prevalence of 15.6% (13.9%, 17.4%). Prevalence was lowest in boroughs with the greatest reductions in morning movements out of and evening movements into the borough (Pearson R = −0.88 [−0.52, −0.99]). Widespread testing is needed to further specify disparities in prevalence and assess the risk of future outbreaks.

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