Prospective longitudinal study investigating predictors of childhood injuries from Growing Up in New Zealand cohort: study protocol

2021 ◽  
pp. injuryprev-2021-044414
Author(s):  
Luam Ghebreab ◽  
Bridget Kool ◽  
Arier Lee ◽  
Susan Morton
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Unintentional Injury ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Childhood Injuries ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

BackgroundInjury is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide and yet preventable and predictable. In New Zealand (NZ), unintentional injury is the leading cause of emergency department visits, hospitalisations and death among children, making it a significant public health concern.ObjectiveTo identify the factors that place young children in NZ at an increased risk of unintentional injury.MethodsThis study will investigate injuries among children from the prospective Growing Up in NZ birth cohort of 6853 children and their families. The primary outcome of interest is injury events where medical treatment was sought. The data sources include parental reports of child injury and Accident Compensation Corporation—NZ’s no-fault injury compensation system—injury claims. The linked datasets will be utilised to examine the distribution of life course exposures and outcome data using descriptive statistics. A temporal multilevel model will then be developed to examine relationships between neighbourhood, child and family characteristics and injury from birth to 5 years of age for all children for whom parental consent to link data were obtained.DiscussionThe findings of this research will help to identify how the multiplicity of influences between children, family and their broader societal context acting across time affect their risk of experiencing a preschool injury. This information will provide an evidence base to inform context-relevant strategies to reduce and prevent childhood injuries.

scholarly journals Patterns of risk exposure in first 1,000 days of life and health, behavior, and education-related problems at age 4.5: evidence from Growing Up in New Zealand, a longitudinal cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan L. Wallander ◽  
Sarah Berry ◽  
Polly Atatoa Carr ◽  
Elizabeth R. Peterson ◽  
Karen E. Waldie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract Background Children who are high priority candidates for early intervention need to be identified to reduce their risk for experiencing problems in development. Those exposed to multiple risk factors are more likely to exhibit problems in development than those exposed to a single or no risk factor. We examined the longitudinal associations between persistence and timing of exposure to cumulative risk (CR) on three occasions by age 2 and problems in development at age 4.5 in health, behavior, and education-related domains. Methods Data are from Growing Up in New Zealand (NZ), a prospective longitudinal study of a birth cohort first assessed during their last trimester in 2009–10 and followed at ages 9 months and 2 and 4.5 years. All women with an expected delivery date in a 12-month period who resided within a defined region were invited to participate, with no additional eligibility criteria. Exposure was measured for 12 sociodemographic and maternal health risk factors at third trimester and ages 9 months and 2 years, from which developmental trajectories were constructed capturing persistence and timing of CR exposure. Ten developmental outcomes were measured at age 4.5 to classify problems in overall health status, obesity, and injuries; internalizing and externalizing behavior problems; and letter naming, counting forward and backward, and expectations for starting school and completing education. Results Analyses of data from 6156 children (49% female, 33% Non-European ethnicity) who participated in the 4.5-age assessment uniformly showed associations between exposure to more than consistently zero CR across early development and higher prevalence of being classified with problems for 9 of 10 outcomes. Persistent exposure to a CR ≥ 4 was generally associated with a higher prevalence of problems for 7 of 10 outcomes, whereas the timing of first exposure to CR ≥ 4 showed a less consistent association with problem outcomes. Conclusions These findings are concerning because over 50% of NZ children are exposed to at least one of these risk factors at some point in early development. Routine screening of most of these risk factors during pregnancy is feasible and can identify priority candidates for intervention.

scholarly journals Cannabis Use and the Onset of Cigarette and E-cigarette Use: A Prospective, Longitudinal Study Among Youth in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea H Weinberger ◽  
Jiaqi Zhu ◽  
Joun Lee ◽  
Shu Xu ◽  
Renee D Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract Introduction Cigarette use is declining among youth in the United States, whereas cannabis use and e-cigarette use are increasing. Cannabis use has been linked with increased uptake and persistence of cigarette smoking among adults. The goal of this study was to examine whether cannabis use is associated with the prevalence and incidence of cigarette, e-cigarette, and dual product use among U.S. youth. Methods Data included U.S. youth ages 12–17 from two waves of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study (Wave 1 youth, n = 13 651; Wave 1 tobacco-naive youth, n = 10 081). Weighted logistic regression models were used to examine the association between Wave 1 cannabis use and (1) Wave 1 prevalence of cigarette/e-cigarette use among Wave 1 youth and (2) Wave 2 incidence of cigarette/e-cigarette use among Wave 1 tobacco-naive youth. Analyses were run unadjusted and adjusted for demographics and internalizing/externalizing problem symptoms. Results Wave 1 cigarette and e-cigarette use were significantly more common among youth who used versus did not use cannabis. Among Wave 1 tobacco-naive youth, Wave 1 cannabis use was associated with significantly increased incidence of cigarette and e-cigarette use by Wave 2. Conclusions Youth who use cannabis are more likely to report cigarette and e-cigarette use, and cannabis use is associated with increased risk of initiation of cigarette and e-cigarette use over 1 year. Continued success in tobacco control—specifically toward reducing smoking among adolescents—may require focusing on cannabis, e-cigarette, and cigarette use in public health education, outreach, and intervention efforts. Implications These data extend our knowledge of cigarette and e-cigarette use among youth by showing that cannabis use is associated with increased prevalence and incidence of cigarette and e-cigarette use among youth, relative to youth who do not use cannabis. The increasing popularity of cannabis use among youth and diminished perceptions of risk, coupled with the strong link between cannabis use and tobacco use, may have unintended consequences for cigarette control efforts among youth.

Association between Muscle Damage and Head Impacts in High School American Football

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (01) ◽  
pp. 36-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan E. Huibregtse ◽  
Steven W. Zonner ◽  
Keisuke Ejima ◽  
Zachary W. Bevilacqua ◽  
Sharlene D. Newman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
American Football ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Head Impacts ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

AbstractSubconcussive head impacts (SHI), defined as impacts to the cranium that do not result in concussion symptoms, are gaining traction as a major public health concern. The contribution of physiological factors such as physical exertion and muscle damage to SHI-dependent changes in neurological measures remains unknown. A prospective longitudinal study examined the association between physiological factors and SHI kinematics in 15 high school American football players over one season. Players wore a sensor-installed mouthguard for all practices and games, recording frequency and magnitude of all head impacts. Serum samples were collected at 12 time points (pre-season, pre- and post-game for five in-season games, and post-season) and were assessed for an isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MM) primarily found in skeletal muscle. Physical exertion was estimated in the form of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) from heart rate data captured during the five games. Mixed-effect regression models indicated that head impact kinematics were significantly and positively associated with change in CK-MM but not EPOC. There was a significant and positive association between CK-MM and EPOC. These data suggest that when examining SHI, effects of skeletal muscle damage should be considered when using outcome measures that may have an interaction with muscle damage.

scholarly journals Growth hormone replacement does not increase serum prostate-specific antigen in hypopituitary men over 50 years

2002 ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
CW le Roux ◽  
PJ Jenkins ◽  
SL Chew ◽  
C Camacho-Hubner ◽  
AB Grossman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Gh Deficiency ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Serum Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

OBJECTIVE: Epidemiological studies have shown an increased risk for prostate carcinoma in men with serum IGF-I in the upper part of the age-related reference range. Recombinant human GH (rhGH) is widely used in patients with GH deficiency, usually raising the serum IGF-I levels into the normal range: safety surveillance is therefore mandatory, with particular regard to neoplasia. The aim was to examine whether rhGH replacement in hypopituitary adults is associated with changes in serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as a surrogate marker of changes in prostatic growth. DESIGN AND METHODS: A prospective longitudinal study was used with a median follow-up of 22 (range 2.5-32) months, in which 41 men aged over 50 years with adult onset hypopituitarism and GH deficiency during rhGH replacement were examined. Serum PSA and IGF-I were measured at baseline and at latest follow-up. RESULTS: Mean serum PSA remained unchanged during rhGH replacement, with a median follow-up of 2 years. No correlation was found between the individual changes in serum IGF-I and changes in serum PSA. CONCLUSIONS: These data are reassuring thus far regarding the safety of GH replacement in relation to the prostate in this patient group.

scholarly journals FC 125DIURETIC USE IS  ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED RISK FOR POSTTRANSPLANTATION DIABETES MELLITUS IN RENAL TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Sokooti Oskooei ◽  
Sok Cin Tye ◽  
Rianne M. Douwes ◽  
Hiddo Lambers Heerspink ◽  
Stephan Bakker
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Loop Diuretics ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipients ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract Background and Aims Posttransplantation diabetes Mellitus (PTDM) is one of the major medical problems in renal transplant recipients (RTRs). Diuretic-induced hyperglycemia and diabetes have been described in the general population. We aimed to investigate whether diuretics also increase PTDM risk in RTRs. Method We included 486 stable outpatient RTRs (with a functioning graft ≥1 year) without diabetes from a prospective longitudinal study (the Transplantlines Food and Nutrition Study [NCT02811835]). Participants were classified as diuretic users and non-diuretic users based on their medication use recording at baseline. PTDM was defined according the American Diabetes Association’s diagnostic criteria for diabetes. Multivariable Cox proportional-hazards regression analyses were performed to assess the prospective association between diuretic use and the risk of PTDM development. Results Median time since transplantation was 5.4 (2.0-12.2) years and 168 (35%) RTRs were taking diuretics. After 5.2 (IQR, 4.0 5.9) years of follow up, 54 (11%) RTRs developed PTDM. In Kaplan-Meier (log-rank test, p<0.001) and Cox regression analyses, diuretic use was found to be associated with incident PTDM after adjustment for age, sex, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and HbA1c (hazard ratio[HR] 3.28, 95% CI 1.84-5.83; p<0.001). The association remained independent of further adjustment for potential confounders, including lifestyle, use of other medication, kidney function, transplantation-specific parameters, BMI, lipids, and blood pressure. Exploratory analyses further indicates that, in Cox regression analyses, both thiazide (n=74) and loop diuretics (n=76) as two main types of diuretics used among RTRs appeared to be associated with the development of PTDM, independent of age, sex, FPG, and HbA1c ([HR 2.70, 95% CI 1.24-5.29; p=0.012], and [HR 5.08, 95% CI 2.49-10.34; p<0.001], respectively). Conclusion This study demonstrates that diuretics overall, associated with the risk of developing PTDM in RTRs, independent of established risk factors for PTDM development. The association was consistent for thiazide and loop diuretics.

Subclinical progression of systemic sclerosis-related cardiomyopathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (17) ◽  
pp. 1876-1886
Author(s):  
Giulia Stronati ◽  
Lucia Manfredi ◽  
Alessia Ferrarini ◽  
Lucia Zuliani ◽  
Marco Fogante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Speckle Tracking ◽  
Cardiac Involvement ◽  
Global Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Heart Involvement ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Aims Cardiac involvement in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) is frequent and represents a negative prognostic factor. Recent studies have described subclinical heart involvement of both the right ventricle (RV) and left ventricle (LV) via speckle-tracking-derived global longitudinal strain (GLS). It is currently unknown if SSc-related cardiomyopathy progresses through time. Our aim was to assess the progression of subclinical cardiac involvement in patients with SSc via speckle-tracking-derived GLS. Methods This was a prospective longitudinal study enrolling 72 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of SSc and no structural heart disease nor pulmonary hypertension. A standard echocardiographic exam and GLS calculations were performed at baseline and at follow-up. Results Traditional echocardiographic parameters did not differ from baseline to 20-month follow-up. LV GLS, despite being already impaired at baseline, worsened significantly during follow-up (from –19.8 ± 3.5% to –18.7 ± 3.5%, p = .034). RV GLS impairment progressed through the follow-up period (from –20.9 ± 6.1% to –18.7 ± 5.4%, p = .013). The impairment was more pronounced for the endocardial layers of both LV (from –22.5 ± 3.9% to –21.4 ± 3.9%, p = .041) and RV (–24.2 ± 6.2% to –20.6 ± 5.9%, p = .001). A 1% worsening in RV GLS was associated with an 18% increased risk of all-cause death or major cardiovascular event ( p = .03) and with a 55% increased risk of pulmonary hypertension ( p = .043). Conclusion SSC-related cardiomyopathy progresses over time and can be detected by speckle-tracking GLS. The highest progression towards reduced deformation was registered for the endocardial layers, which supports the hypothesis that microvascular dysfunction is the main determinant of heart involvement in SSc patients and starts well before overt pulmonary hypertension.

Drug-Related Problems and Hospital Admissions in Cardiac Transplant Recipients

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1299-1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin L Repp ◽  
Charles Hayes ◽  
T Mark Woods ◽  
Keith B Allen ◽  
Kevin Kennedy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Cardiac Transplant ◽  
Drug Related Problems ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
National Quality ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Background: Drug-related problems (DRPs) in the general population account for 15% of all hospital admissions, of which approximately 30% are preventable. Cardiac transplant patients may be at increased risk for DRPs because of their complicated medication regimens that include drugs with a narrow therapeutic index. Objective: To determine the incidence and praventability of DRPs causing hospital admission in cardiac transplant patients at a single institution. Methods: Between November 2009 and January 2010, a prospective longitudinal study investigated the incidence and preventability of DRPs in a single cardiac transplant center. Three independent reviewers used validated scoring systems to determine the incidence and preventability of drug-related hospital admissions. DRPs were classified by type, pharmacologic class, and impact on length of stay. Results: During the 3-month study period, 48 cardiac transplant patients were hospitalized. DRPs accounted for 40% (19/48) of these admissions and 58% (11/19) were adjudicated to be preventable. Common DRPs included supratherapeutic (32%) and subtherapeutic (16%) dosage, adverse drug reaction (32%), drug interaction (5%), and nonadherence (5%). Pharmacologic classes implicated included immunosuppressant (63%), antimicrobial (11%), electrolyte/fluid (11%). and anticoagulant (5%). Average length of stay in drug-related compared to non-drug-related admissions was 11.4 versus 8.5 days (p = 0.458). When annualized, 44 hospitalizations or 500 hospital days may have been prevented. Conclusions: Hospital admissions following cardiac transplantation are often drug related (40%) and preventable (58%). Incorporating this insight into the multidisciplinary transplant team may improve outcomes, assist in meeting national quality mandates by the United Network for Organ Sharing and Centers for Medicare Services, and lead to new benchmarks for transplant centers.

scholarly journals Impact of increased risk for fetal aneuploidy on maternal mood: a prospective longitudinal study

2016 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. 1120-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayna L. Nevay ◽  
Catriona Hippman ◽  
Angela Inglis ◽  
Arianne Albert ◽  
Jehannine Austin
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Maternal Mood ◽  
Fetal Aneuploidy ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Emergency department visits of young children and long-term exposure to neighbourhood smoke from household heating – The Growing Up in New Zealand child cohort study

2017 ◽  
Vol 231 ◽  
pp. 533-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hak Kan Lai ◽  
Sarah D. Berry ◽  
Marjolein E.A. Verbiest ◽  
Peter J. Tricker ◽  
Polly E. Atatoa Carr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Growing Up

Depression and the risk of autoimmune disease: a nationally representative, prospective longitudinal study

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (16) ◽  
pp. 3559-3569 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. W. Andersson ◽  
L. N. Gustafsson ◽  
N. Okkels ◽  
F. Taha ◽  
S. W. Cole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Autoimmune Conditions ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Background.Autoimmune diseases are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, yet the etiology remains unclear. Depression has been implicated as a risk factor for various immune-related disorders but little is known about the risk of autoimmune disease. This study examined the association between depression and the risk of autoimmune disease, and investigated the temporal and dose-response nature of these relationships.Method.A prospective population-based study including approximately 1.1 million people was conducted using linked Danish registries. Depression and autoimmune diseases were diagnosed by physicians and documented in medical records. In total, 145 217 individuals with depression were identified between 1995 and 2012. Survival analyses were used to estimate the relative risk of autoimmune disease among those with, compared to without, depression. Analyses were adjusted for gender, age, and co-morbid mental disorders.Results.Depression was associated with a significantly increased risk of autoimmune disease [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.25, 95% CI 1.19–1.31], compared to those without a history of depression. Results suggest a general increased risk of autoimmune diseases following the onset of depression during first year (IRR 1.29, 95% CI 1.05–1.58), which remained elevated for the ensuing 11 years and beyond (IRR 1.53, 95% CI 1.34–1.76). Findings did not support a dose-response relationship.Conclusions.Depression appears to be associated with an increased risk of a range of autoimmune diseases. Depression may play a role in the etiology of certain autoimmune conditions. If replicated, findings could highlight additional clinical implications in the treatment and management of depression. Future studies are needed to investigate the possible social, genetic, and neurobiological underpinnings of these relationships.

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