Corpora amylacea in gastrointestinal leiomyomas: a clinical, light microscopic, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study with comparison to hyaline globules

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 951-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaclyn Frances Hechtman ◽  
Ronald E Gordon ◽  
Russell B McBride ◽  
Noam Harpaz
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Frozen Section ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Corpora Amylacea ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Hyaline Globules

ContextCorpora amylacea (CA) are inclusions with starch-like composition that occur in various conditions. We have observed CA in gastrointestinal leiomyomas (GILM) and hypothesised that they differ from intracytoplasmic hyaline globules (HG) of GILM. We aimed to investigate the anatomical distribution, prevalence, staining characteristics and ultrastructural features of CA and compare them with HG of GILM.DesignSlides from a consecutive series of resected GILM and bland spindle cell tumours were examined for CA and HG. Special stains, electron microscopy and elemental analysis were performed on select leiomyomas.ResultsCA occurred in 13/35 GILM (37%) from the following sites: oesophagus (4/8), stomach (5/7) including one frozen section, small intestine (1/2) and large intestine (3/18), but were not identified in 19 gastrointestinal stromal tumours (12 gastric, 7 small intestinal; p=0.0019), five schwannomas (three gastric, two small intestinal; p=0.154) and 35 non-GILM (p=0.0001). The densities of CA ranged from one per 4–200 mm2. CA stained intensely with periodic acid Schiff after diastase predigestion (PASD), Alcian blue and ubiquitin, and faintly in peripheral zones for desmin and smooth muscle actin. Ultrastructurally, CA consisted of an electron-dense outer layer and a fibrillar core with scattered particle matter. HG were present in all leiomyomas, but showed variable staining for PASD, negative staining for Alcian blue and ubiquitin, and positive staining for smooth muscle markers.ConclusionsCA are a distinctive histological feature of approximately one third of GILM with different composition to HG. These differences may represent divergent degenerative processes or different stages of a single degenerative process over time.

scholarly journals Case Report: A giant myopericytoma involving the occipital region of the scalp - a rare entity

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 2905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Munakomi ◽  
Pramod Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Occipital Region ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Complete Excision

Herein we report a rare case of a giant myopericytoma presenting in a 16-year-old girl as a slowly progressive swelling involving the scalp in the occipital region. It was managed by complete excision. Histological examination of the lesion revealed  spindle-shaped cells forming characteristic rosettes around the blood vessels, and positive staining with smooth muscle actin.

An Angiomyomatous Hamartoma With Features of Vascular Transformation of Sinuses in the Mediastinal Lymph Node of a Beagle Dog

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 1017-1024
Author(s):  
Sophie Nelissen ◽  
Ronnie Chamanza
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Mediastinal Lymph Node ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Beagle Dog

Two similar benign, nonneoplastic vascular lesions have been described in the lymph nodes of humans and animals: angiomyomatous hamartoma (AMH), which is characterized by the replacement of lymphoid tissue by blood vessels, smooth muscle, and fibrous tissue, and vascular transformation of sinuses (VTS), which is considered a reactive transformation of lymph node sinuses into capillary-like vascular channels. We hereby report a lesion with features common to both lesions in the mediastinal lymph nodes of a 1-year-old beagle dog in a 1-month toxicity study. Grossly, enlargement and red discoloration were observed, while microscopically, the lesion was characterized by effacement of the lymph node parenchyma with replacement by mature blood vessels, smooth muscle, and fibrous tissue, associated with lymphoid atrophy, which is consistent with AMH. However, multifocal areas of anastomosing or plexiform capillary-like channels lined by normal to slightly plump endothelium, similar to those described for VTS, were also present. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed abundant positive staining for smooth muscle actin and endothelial cells (von Willebrand factor/factor VIII) and the absence of proliferation (Ki67). In conclusion, these lesions most likely represent a mixture of both AMH and VTS.

Relationship between tenascin and ?-smooth muscle actin expression in the developing human small intestinal mucosa

1993 ◽  
Vol 188 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Fran�ois Beaulieu ◽  
Sophie Jutras ◽  
Jos�e Durand ◽  
PierreH. Vachon ◽  
Nathalie Perreault
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Actin Expression

scholarly journals Fetal endoderm primarily holds the temporal and positional information required for mammalian intestinal development.

1994 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Duluc ◽  
J N Freund ◽  
C Leberquier ◽  
M Kedinger
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Nude Mice ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Positional Information ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Distal Ileum ◽  
Proximal Jejunum ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Alpha Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Small Intestinal

In rodents, the intestinal tract progressively acquires a functional regionalization during postnatal development. Using lactase-phlorizin hydrolase as a marker, we have analyzed in a xenograft model the ontogenic potencies of fetal rat intestinal segments taken prior to endoderm cytodifferentiation. Segments from the presumptive proximal jejunum and distal ileum grafted in nude mice developed correct spatial and temporal patterns of lactase protein and mRNA expression, which reproduced the normal pre- and post-weaning conditions. Segments from the fetal colon showed a faint lactase immunostaining 8-10 d after transplantation in chick embryos but not in mice; it is consistent with the transient expression of this enzyme in the colon of rat neonates. Heterotopic cross-associations comprising endoderm and mesenchyme from the presumptive proximal jejunum and distal ileum developed as xenografts in nude mice, and they exhibited lactase mRNA and protein expression patterns that were typical of the origin of the endodermal moiety. Endoderm from the distal ileum also expressed a normal lactase pattern when it was associated to fetal skin fibroblasts, while the fibroblasts differentiated into muscle layers containing alpha-smooth-muscle actin. Noteworthy, associations comprising colon endoderm and small intestinal mesenchyme showed a typical small intestinal morphology and expressed the digestive enzyme sucrase-isomaltase normally absent in the colon. However, in heterologous associations comprising lung or stomach endoderm and small intestinal mesenchyme, the epithelial compartment expressed markers in accordance to their tissue of origin but neither intestinal lactase nor sucrase-isomaltase. A thick intestinal muscle coat in which cells expressed alpha-smooth-muscle actin surrounded the grafts. The results demonstrate that: (a) the temporal and positional information needed for intestinal ontogeny up to the post-weaning stage results from an intrinsic program that is fixed in mammalian fetuses prior to endoderm cytodifferentiation; (b) this temporal and positional information is primarily carried by the endodermal moiety which is also able to change the fate of heterologous mesodermal cells to form intestinal mesenchyme; and (c) the small intestinal mesenchyme in turn may deliver instructive information as shown in association with colonic endoderm; yet this effect is not obvious with nonintestinal endoderms.

scholarly journals Spontaneous Lung Lesions in Aging Laboratory Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. Cooper ◽  
J. W. Griffith ◽  
Z. C. Chroneos ◽  
J. M. Izer ◽  
L. B. Willing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Genetic Defect ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Heterotopic Bone ◽  
Alpha Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Lung Lesions ◽  
Age Related

Spontaneous age-related lesions of laboratory rabbits are not well documented in the contemporary scientific literature. A retrospective study of diagnostic necropsies of 36 rabbits >2 years of age found a number of common lung lesions. Fibromuscular intimal hyperplasia affected medium and to a lesser extent large pulmonary arteries and was present to a variable extent in all 36 rabbits >2 years of age. The lesions were characterized by fragmentation and/or reduplication of the internal elastic lamina (IEL), proliferation of smoothelin+/alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)+/vimentin− smooth muscle cells and fewer smoothelin−/α-SMA+/vimentin+ myofibroblasts, and intimal deposition of collagen without thrombosis, embolism, or evidence of pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary emphysema, present in 30/36 rabbits, was characterized by the loss of alveolar septa; most affected rabbits did not have clinical signs of respiratory disease. In 8/13 rabbits of the inbred EIII/JC audiogenic strain, we identified a unique syndrome of granulomatous pneumonia containing hyaline brown to gray, globular to ring-like acellular material that was Alcian blue and periodic acid-Schiff positive. The material was immunoreactive for surfactant protein-A and had the ultrastructural appearance of multilamellar vesicles, suggesting a genetic defect in surfactant metabolism. Additionally, we found small benign primary lung tumors (fibropapillomas, 5 rabbits) not previously described. Other findings included heterotopic bone (5 rabbits), subacute to chronic suppurative bronchopneumonia, pyogranulomatous pneumonia with plant material, and pulmonary artifacts from barbiturate euthanasia solution.

scholarly journals Hypertrophic gastropathy associated with gastric sarcoma in a dog

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-115
Author(s):  
Mariarita Romanucci ◽  
Paolo E. Crisi ◽  
Maria Veronica Giordano ◽  
Morena Di Tommaso ◽  
Francesco Simeoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
Partial Gastrectomy ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Gastric Body ◽  
Gastric Glands ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Gastric Lumen

A 14-y-old spayed female Labrador Retriever was presented with an 8-mo history of chronic vomiting. Abdominal ultrasound and gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a mass protruding into the gastric lumen, with cytologic features suggestive of sarcoma. A partial gastrectomy was performed; the gastric body and antrum were thickened, with a cerebriform appearance of the mucosal surface. Histologic examination revealed a submucosal neoplastic proliferation of fusiform cells variably arranged in irregular bundles and scattered whorls. Fusiform cells strongly reacted to antibodies against vimentin, S100, and neuron-specific enolase; glial fibrillary acidic protein was moderately and multifocally expressed. Pancytokeratin, KIT, α–smooth muscle actin, and desmin were nonreactive. Histologic and immunohistochemical findings suggested a diagnosis of gastric sarcoma with features referable to a non-GIST (gastrointestinal stromal tumor), non–smooth muscle NIMT (non-angiogenic, non-lymphogenic intestinal mesenchymal tumor). The overlying gastric mucosa was thickened by elongated and dilated gastric glands, predominantly lined by intensely periodic acid-Schiff–stained mucous cells. This altered mucosal architecture was suggestive of Ménétrier-like disease. Although this disease has been hypothesized to predispose to gastric adenocarcinoma in dogs, an association with gastric sarcoma has not been documented previously in the veterinary literature, to our knowledge.

Mesectodermal Leiomyoma of the Ciliary Body: A Unique Variant of Leiomyoma with Myogenic and Neurogenic Histological Features

2021 ◽  
pp. 106689692110386
Author(s):  
Osamu Inamori ◽  
Hideki Fukuoka ◽  
Michiko Nagamine ◽  
Chie Sotozono ◽  
Eiichi Konishi
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Ciliary Body ◽  
Benign Tumor ◽  
Frozen Section ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Japanese Woman ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Rare Benign Tumor ◽  
Slow Growing

Mesectodermal leiomyoma of the ciliary body is a rare benign tumor, showing both neurogenic and myogenic characteristics. This tumor typically shows predilection for women of reproductive age. Because it is almost impossible to clinically distinguish this tumor from malignant melanoma, unnecessary eye enucleations have been unfortunately performed. Herein, we report a case of mesectodermal leiomyoma of the ciliary body in a young Japanese woman. She was referred to our hospital due to a slow-growing mass in her left iris. A malignant tumor could not be clinically ruled out and surgery with intraoperative pathology consultation was performed. Intraoperative frozen section diagnosis was a benign tumor with neurogenic features, and a simple excision of the tumor was performed. Histologically, the tumor was composed of diffuse growth of spindle cells with fibrillary indistinctive cytoplasm. Immunohistochemical examination showed diffuse positive staining of α-smooth muscle actin, h-caldesmon, calponin, and CD56. Scattered tumor cells were weakly positive for desmin. Neither melanocytic markers nor neural markers except for CD56 were positive. We diagnosed this tumor as mesectodermal leiomyoma. Mesectodermal leiomyoma is rare and often misdiagnosed as malignant melanoma. To avoid overtreatment, a correct preoperative diagnosis is essential.

The presence of LPS in OVA inhalations affects airway inflammation and AHR but not remodeling in a rodent model of asthma

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (1) ◽  
pp. L54-L63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimitake Tsuchiya ◽  
Sana Siddiqui ◽  
Paul-André Risse ◽  
Nobuaki Hirota ◽  
James G. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Airway Remodeling ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Brown Norway ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Th2 Cytokine ◽  
Ifn Γ

Ovalbumin (OVA) is the most frequently used allergen in animal models of asthma. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contaminating commercial OVA may modulate the evoked airway inflammatory response to OVA. However, the effect of LPS in OVA on airway remodeling, especially airway smooth muscle (ASM) has not been evaluated. We hypothesized that LPS in commercial OVA may enhance allergen-induced airway inflammation and remodeling. Brown Norway rats were sensitized with OVA on day 0. PBS, OVA, or endotoxin-free OVA (Ef-OVA) was instilled intratracheally on days 14, 19, 24. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, lung, and intrathoracic lymph node tissues were collected 48 h after the last challenge. Immunohistochemistry for α-smooth muscle actin, Periodic-Acid-Schiff staining, and real-time qPCR were performed. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) was also measured. BAL fluid macrophages, eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes were increased in OVA-challenged animals, and macrophages and neutrophils were significantly lower in Ef-OVA-challenged animals. The ASM area in larger airways was significantly increased in both OVA and Ef-OVA compared with PBS-challenged animals. The mRNA expression of IFN-γ and IL-13 in lung tissues and IL-4 in lymph nodes was significantly increased by both OVA and Ef-OVA compared with PBS and were not significantly different between OVA and Ef-OVA. Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 in BAL fluid and AHR were significantly increased in OVA but not in Ef-OVA. LPS contamination in OVA contributes to the influx of macrophages and MCP-1 increase in the airways and to AHR after OVA challenges but does not affect OVA-induced Th1 and Th2 cytokine expression, goblet cell hyperplasia, and ASM remodeling.

Abstract 715: Cytochrome P450 1B1 Gene Disruption Prevents Neointimal Growth in Wire-Injured Carotid Artery of Male Mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamalika Mukherjee ◽  
Fariborz A Yaghini ◽  
Anne M Estes ◽  
Tyler H Buckley ◽  
Frank J Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Cytochrome P450 1B1 ◽  
The Wire

We have previously reported that cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1), a heme-thiolate monooxygenase expressed in cardiovascular tissues, contributes to the development of hypertension and its associated pathogenesis in various experimental animal models. The current study was conducted to determine the contribution of CYP1B1 in neointimal growth following wire injury of carotid artery in 8 week-old male Cyp1b1+/+ and Cyp1b1-/- mice. The left carotid artery was injured with a metal wire and denudation of the endothelial layer was confirmed by the absence of von Willebrand factor staining cells, 1 day after the injury in both Cyp1b1+/+ and Cyp1b1-/- mice. After 14 days of injury, the mice were sacrificed, and both injured and uninjured contralateral carotid arteries were collected for histological and immunohistochemical analysis. The wire injury caused neointimal growth as indicated by increased intimal area, intima/media ratio and elastin disorganization in carotid arteries of Cyp1b1+/+ mice; these changes were minimized in the carotid arteries of Cyp1b1-/- mice. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were found to be the major cellular component of these neointima, as evident by positive staining for α-smooth muscle actin. We also found increased infiltration of inflammatory and immune cells as indicated by expression of CD68+ macrophages and CD3+ T-cells, respectively, in the wire-injured carotid arteries of Cyp1b1+/+ mice but not Cyp1b1-/- mice. Administration of 4-Hydroxy-2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPOL), a superoxide dismutase mimetic, in drinking water (2 mmoles/l), attenuated the neointimal growth in wire-injured carotid arteries of Cyp1b1+/+ mice. Furthermore, in vitro studies showed significant reduction of angiotensin II-induced migration, proliferation and protein synthesis in VSMCs from Cyp1b1-/- compared to Cyp1b1+/+ mice. These data suggest that Cyp1b1-dependent oxidative stress contributes to the neointimal growth caused by wire injury of carotid arteries of male mice. Therefore, inhibitors of Cyp1b1 could be useful in the treatment of restenosis caused by vascular injury including balloon angioplasty, atherosclerosis and diabetes in males.

scholarly journals Inflammatory fibroid polyp: an immunohistochemical study

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilda da Cunha Santos ◽  
Venâncio A.F. Alves ◽  
Alda Wakamatsu ◽  
Sérgio Zucoloto
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
Immunohistochemical Study ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Inflammatory Fibroid Polyp ◽  
Spindle Cells ◽  
S 100 ◽  
Fibroid Polyp

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory fibroid polyp is a localized lesion, which arises in the submucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, most often in the stomach.Although it is generally believed to represent a reactive, nonneoplastic condition, its histogenesis remains controversial. AIM: To study inflammatory fibroid polyp by immunohistochemistry in an attempt to further clarify their histogenesis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Nine cases were studied by immunohistochemistry using a panel of antibodies against smooth-muscle actin, vimentin, S-100 protein, factor VIII- R.Ag and macrophage (HAM-56). RESULTS: There was a strong diffuse positive staining pattern in the spindle cells with vimentin antibody. A patchy staining for smooth-muscle actin was observed in these cells. Immunophenotyping revealed a heterogeneous reaction with HAM-56. In edematous areas, HAM-56-positive cells show voluminous cytoplasm and reniform nuclei. In cell-rich areas, the HAM-56-positive cells had fusiform cytoplasm. Stains for S-100 and factor VIII RAg were negative in the proliferating elements. CONCLUSIONS: The present immunohistochemical study refutes the suggested neural or vascular nature of the lesion. The strong positivity for vimentin in all cases suggests a major component of spindle cells best recognizable as fibroblasts. These results would favor the existence of a span of morphological and immunohistochemical patterns possibly indicating evolutive phases of an inflammatory reaction.

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