European and US publications in the 50 highest ranking pathology journals from 2000 to 2006

2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 474-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
F R Fritzsche ◽  
B Oelrich ◽  
M Dietel ◽  
K Jung ◽  
G Kristiansen
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Scientific Output ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Biomedical Journals ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk

Aims:To analyse the contributions of the 15 primary member states of the European Union and selected non-European countries to pathological research between 2000 and 2006.Methods:Pathological journals were screened using ISI Web of Knowledge database. The number of publications and related impact factors were determined for each country. Relevant socioeconomic indicators were related to the scientific output. Subsequently, results were compared to publications in 10 of the leading biomedical journals.Results:The research output remained generally stable. In Europe, the UK, Germany, France, Italy and Spain ranked top concerning contributions to publications and impact factors in the pathological and leading general biomedical journals. With regard to socioeconomic data, smaller, mainly northern European countries showed a relatively higher efficiency. Of the lager countries, the UK is the most efficient in that respect. The rising economic powers of China and India were consistently in the rear.Conclusions:Results mirror the leading role of the USA in pathology research but also show the relevance of European scientists. The scientometric approach in this study provides a new fundamental and comparative overview of pathology research in the European Union and the USA which could help to benchmark scientific output among countries.

scholarly journals 5G and its Implications in the Economic Relations between China and European Countries, with a Special Focus on Italy

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Melania Petrillo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
5G Network ◽  
The Usa ◽  
State Of Affairs

The economic relations between China and the European countries are tightened by an intensive interdependence in different sectors, mainly trades and services, but decades of successful relations could be affected by the pressure risen around the development of the 5G network. Recently, the development of the technology of the future, 5G network, is having a certain effect on the relations among those countries that joined the race for the leading global position. The major players in this geopolitical, technological, and economic affair are China and the USA, therefore, Europe plays an important role as well. These occurrences may increase not only the strategic suppleness of powers like China, India, the United States, and the European Union, but also the weight of nourishing alignments and fruitful partnerships. This research takes into consideration two fundamental elements to analyze this state of affairs: the economic interdependence between China and the European countries, and the protection of cybersecurity.

Healthcare Fraud and Abuse in Europe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey A. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Significant Problem ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Transparency International ◽  
European Approach ◽  
The Uk

This chapter explores the significant problem of healthcare fraud in Europe, which in the UK alone is estimated at £1.27 billion a year or more than 30% of the European Union healthcare budgets. It emphasizes the difficulties of identifying the predominant “European approach” on the ethical, definitional, and operational challenges that make healthcare fraud difficult to define, identify, police, and prevent. It also describes different healthcare fraud problems in European countries that vary in historical, cultural, and political circumstances. This chapter discusses the significance of how European states manage the financing of their healthcare systems and payment of healthcare professionals as it affects the forms of abusive conduct that might occur. It also mentions the UK, Ireland, Italy, Spain, Portugal, and the Nordic Countries as states vulnerable to procurement corruption as stated by Transparency International.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Territorial Patterns in COVID-19 Mortality in France, Spain, Italy and the UK

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Zavatta
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
National Level ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Territorial Disparities ◽  
The Uk

This paper provides an overview of territorial patterns of COVID-19 deaths in four European countries severely affected by the pandemic, Spain, France, Italy, and the United Kingdom. The analysis focuses on cumulated COVID-19 mortality at the sub-regional level, following the territorial subdivision of countries adopted by the European Union. The paper builds upon a dataset with highly granular information on COVID-19 deaths assembled from various sources. The analysis shows remarkable differences in territorial patterns of COVID-19 mortality, both within and across the four countries reviewed. Results somewhat differ depending on the aspect considered (concentration of deaths or mortality rates) but, in general, Italy, France and Spain display significant territorial disparities, with selected sub-regions being disproportionately affected by the pandemic. Instead, the picture is more uniform in the UK, with comparatively lower differences across the various sub-regions. These findings suggest that analyses of COVID-19 mortality at the national level (and, sometimes, even at the regional level) may conceal major differences and therefore be of limited use, both analytically and from an operational viewpoint.

scholarly journals Alcohol sales figures in 15 European countries: corrected for consumption abroad and tax-free purchases

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 71-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Trolldal
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
High Price ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Free Alcohol ◽  
Total Correction ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Total Sales ◽  
Alcohol Sales

Björn Trolldal: Alcohol sales figures in 15 European countries: corrected for consumption abroad and tax-free purchases The official sales statistics in a country do not, for various reasons, represent the actual consumption of alcoholic beverages among the inhabitants. In this study, the official sales statistics in 15 European countries are corrected for the inhabitants' consumption during journeys abroad, foreign tourists' consumption within each country, and for the purchases of tax-free alcohol. The consumption by inhabitants of the ECAS area during journeys abroad was equivalent to 1.2 per cent of the total official sales in this area in 1995. The correction for the net consumption during journeys abroad in 1995 varies between a decrease by 2.5 per cent and an increase by 3.6 per cent of the official sales in the study countries. The tax-free purchases corresponded to just over 1 per cent of the total sales of alcoholic beverages within the European Union in 1995, but they are concentrated in the “high-price” countries, that is, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Ireland and the UK. The tax-free purchases vary between 0.3 per cent of the official sales, as in France, and 8 per cent in Finland. The changes in alcohol sales after the total correction vary between a decrease by 1.5 per cent and an increase by 11.4 per cent in the study countries. When consumption during journeys abroad and tax-free purchases are taken into account, the differences between consumption levels, in terms of alcohol sales figures, in the ECAS countries diminish.

Russian Federation and the United States of America: geostrategic directions to manage the Ukrainian crisis

2019 ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Attarid Awadh Abdulhameed
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
National Security ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Ukrainian Crisis ◽  
Zero Sum

Ukrainia Remains of huge importance to Russian Strategy because of its Strategic importance. For being a privileged Postion in new Eurasia, without its existence there would be no logical resons for eastward Expansion by European Powers.  As well as in Connection with the progress of Ukrainian is no less important for the USA (VSD, NDI, CIA, or pentagon) and the European Union with all organs, and this is announced by John Kerry. There has always ben Russian Fear and Fear of any move by NATO or USA in the area that it poses a threat to  Russians national Security and its independent role and in funence  on its forces especially the Navy Forces. There for, the Crisis manyement was not Zero sum game, there are gains and offset losses, but Russia does not accept this and want a Zero Sun game because the USA. And European exteance is a Foot hold in Regin Which Russian sees as a threat to its national security and want to monopolize control in the strategic Qirim.

Library and Museum Collections Digitization Projects in Finland

2009 ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Yulia S. Chechikova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Scientific Heritage

Digitization of a national cultural and scientific heritage is one of the long-term strategic problems of the European countries’ governments. Member countries of the European Union make major efforts in providing access to their cultural heritage. In the article the process of an access provision is described for Finland.

The Law & Politics of Brexit: Volume II

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Union ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Financial Settlement ◽  
The Eu

This book provides the first comprehensive analysis of the withdrawal agreement concluded between the United Kingdom and the European Union to create the legal framework for Brexit. Building on a prior volume, it overviews the process of Brexit negotiations that took place between the UK and the EU from 2017 to 2019. It also examines the key provisions of the Brexit deal, including the protection of citizens’ rights, the Irish border, and the financial settlement. Moreover, the book assesses the governance provisions on transition, decision-making and adjudication, and the prospects for future EU–UK trade relations. Finally, it reflects on the longer-term challenges that the implementation of the 2016 Brexit referendum poses for the UK territorial system, for British–Irish relations, as well as for the future of the EU beyond Brexit.

Introduction: How the British-exit is Impacting the European Union?

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-149
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Brunet-Jailly
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
International Studies ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Uk

This special issue of International Studies focuses on ‘how the British-exit is impacting the European Union’. This introduction is a review of the context, costs and institutional repercussions, as well as the very recent the UK/European Union trade deal and implications for customs borders. Eight articles then detail consequences for European Union policies and important trading relationships: Immigration, Citizenship, Gender, Northern Ireland, Trade and impacts on India, Canada and Japan.

Money Matters: Dissecting the Relationship Between Gender Equality and Female Homicide Victimization Rates in the European Union

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet P. Stamatel
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Violent Victimization ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Homicide Victimization ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Victimization Rates

This study utilized a fairly new measure of gender equality from the European Union to dissect the relationship between gender-specific homicide victimization rates and different forms of gender equality across a sample of European countries. Results showed support for a curvilinear relationship between financial equality and female and male homicide victimization, providing support for amelioration and backlash theories, but no support for absolute economic marginalization. While there were some similarities between the female and male models, there were enough differences to warrant further investigations of gendered theories of violent victimization.

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