Substitutions of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: associations with mental health in middle-aged and elderly persons

BackgroundPhysical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep are potential risk factors of mental health disorders, but previous studies have not considered the dependency between these activity domains. Therefore, we examined the associations of reallocations of time among older adults’ physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep with depressive and anxiety symptoms using compositional isotemporal substitution analyses.MethodsWe included 1943 participants (mean age 71 years, SD: 9; 52% women) from the population-based Rotterdam Study. Between 2011 and 2016, we collected accelerometer data (mean duration 5.8 days, SD: 0.4) on physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep and self-reported data on depressive symptoms and anxiety.ResultsA reallocation of 30 min more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was associated with a −0.55 (95% CI −1.04 to −0.06) points lower depressive symptoms score when replacing sleep and a −0.59 (95% CI −1.06 to −0.12) points lower score when replacing sedentary behaviour, but not when replacing light physical activity (−0.70, 95% CI −1.63 to 0.24). No associations were found for anxiety.ConclusionReplacing sedentary behaviour or sleep with more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was associated with less depressive symptoms, suggesting that mainly intensive types of physical activity are important for middle-aged and older adults in relation to depressive symptoms.

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1113Depressive symptoms and objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour in adolescents

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dyab168.334 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Aaron Kandola

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Sedentary Behaviour ◽

Adolescent Depression ◽

Negative Binomial ◽

Negative Binomial Regression ◽

Population Based ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Accelerometer Data ◽

Light Activity

Abstract Background Physical activity and sedentary behaviour could be crucial risk factors for adolescent depression. This is the first study to use objective physical activity and sedentary behaviour measure to examine their association with depression in adolescents. Methods We analysed accelerometer data from population-based adolescents at ages 12, 14, and 16 and depressive symptoms at age 18. We used negative binomial regression and group-based trajectory models to analyse the data. Results We found that total physical activity decreased between 12 years and 16 years of age, driven by a decline in light activity and increase in sedentary behaviour. Each additional 60-minute increase in daily sedentary behaviour at ages 12, 14, and 16 was associated with an increased depression score at age 18 of 11·1% (95% CI, 5·1, 17·6), 8% (95% CI, 1·2, 15·2), and 10·5% (95% CI, 1·5, 20·8), respectively. Depression scores at age 18 were 9·6% (95% CI, 3·9, 15), 7.8% (95% CI, 0·8, 14.3), and 11·1% (95% CI, 2·6, 19.1) lower per additional 60-minutes of daily light activity time at ages 12, 14, and 16. These findings were robust to a series of sensitivity analyses. Conclusions Sedentary behaviour displaces light activity throughout adolescence and is associated with a higher risk of depressive symptoms at 18 years of age. Key messages Increasing light activity and decreasing sedentary behaviour during adolescence could be an important target for public health interventions aimed at reducing the prevalence of depression.

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Association of daily composition of physical activity and sedentary behaviour with incidence of cardiovascular disease in older adults

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity ◽

10.1186/s12966-021-01157-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Manasa S. Yerramalla ◽

Duncan E. McGregor ◽

Vincent T. van Hees ◽

Aurore Fayosse ◽

Aline Dugravot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Sedentary Behaviour ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Movement Behaviour ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Daily Movement ◽

Intensity Physical Activity ◽

Current Duration

Abstract Background Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is proposed as key for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) prevention. At older ages, the role of sedentary behaviour (SB) and light intensity physical activity (LIPA) remains unclear. Evidence so far is based on studies examining movement behaviours as independent entities ignoring their co-dependency. This study examines the association between daily composition of objectively-assessed movement behaviours (MVPA, LIPA, SB) and incident CVD in older adults. Methods Whitehall II accelerometer sub-study participants free of CVD at baseline (N = 3319, 26.7% women, mean age = 68.9 years in 2012–2013) wore a wrist-accelerometer from which times in SB, LIPA, and MVPA during waking period were extracted over 7 days. Compositional Cox regression was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for incident CVD for daily compositions of movement behaviours characterized by 10 (20 or 30) minutes greater duration in one movement behaviour accompanied by decrease in another behaviour, while keeping the third behaviour constant, compared to reference composition. Analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle, cardiometabolic risk factors and multimorbidity index. Results Of the 3319 participants, 299 had an incident CVD over a mean (SD) follow-up of 6.2 (1.3) years. Compared to daily movement behaviour composition with MVPA at recommended 21 min per day (150 min/week), composition with additional 10 min of MVPA and 10 min less SB was associated with smaller risk reduction – 8% (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.87–0.99) – than the 14% increase in risk associated with a composition of similarly reduced time in MVPA and more time in SB (HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.02–1.27). For a given MVPA duration, the CVD risk did not differ as a function of LIPA and SB durations. Conclusions Among older adults, an increase in MVPA duration at the expense of time in either SB or LIPA was found associated with lower incidence of CVD. This study lends support to public health guidelines encouraging increase in MVPA or at least maintain MVPA at current duration.

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Evaluation of wrist and hip sedentary behaviour and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity raw acceleration cutpoints in older adults

Journal of Sports Sciences ◽

10.1080/02640414.2018.1555904 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 37 (11) ◽

pp. 1270-1279 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

George J. Sanders ◽

Lynne M. Boddy ◽

S. Andy Sparks ◽

Whitney B. Curry ◽

Brenda Roe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Sedentary Behaviour ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity

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Objectively measured physical activity, sedentary behaviour and all-cause mortality in older men: does volume of activity matter more than pattern of accumulation?

British Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1136/bjsports-2017-098733 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (16) ◽

pp. 1013-1020 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

Barbara J Jefferis ◽

Tessa J Parsons ◽

Claudio Sartini ◽

Sarah Ash ◽

Lucy T Lennon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sedentary Behaviour ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Older Men ◽

Population Based ◽

Physical Activity Guidelines ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Sedentary Breaks ◽

Objectively Measured

ObjectivesTo understand how device-measured sedentary behaviour and physical activity are related to all-cause mortality in older men, an age group with high levels of inactivity and sedentary behaviour.MethodsProspective population-based cohort study of men recruited from 24 UK General Practices in 1978–1980. In 2010–2012, 3137 surviving men were invited to a follow-up, 1655 (aged 71–92 years) agreed. Nurses measured height and weight, men completed health and demographic questionnaires and wore an ActiGraph GT3x accelerometer. All-cause mortality was collected through National Health Service central registers up to 1 June 2016.ResultsAfter median 5.0 years’ follow-up, 194 deaths occurred in 1181 men without pre-existing cardiovascular disease. For each additional 30 min in sedentary behaviour, or light physical activity (LIPA), or 10 min in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), HRs for mortality were 1.17 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.25), 0.83 (95% CI 0.77 to 0.90) and 0.90 (95% CI 0.84 to 0.96), respectively. Adjustments for confounders did not meaningfully change estimates. Only LIPA remained significant on mutual adjustment for all intensities. The HR for accumulating 150 min MVPA/week in sporadic minutes (achieved by 66% of men) was 0.59 (95% CI 0.43 to 0.81) and 0.58 (95% CI 0.33 to 1.00) for accumulating 150 min MVPA/week in bouts lasting ≥10 min (achieved by 16% of men). Sedentary breaks were not associated with mortality.ConclusionsIn older men, all activities (of light intensity upwards) were beneficial and accumulation of activity in bouts ≥10 min did not appear important beyond total volume of activity. Findings can inform physical activity guidelines for older adults.

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Perceived Discrimination Trajectories and Depressive Symptoms Among Middle-Aged and Older Black Adults

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa041 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kellee White ◽

Bethany A Bell ◽

Shuo J Huang ◽

David R Williams

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Older Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Racial Discrimination ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Negative Binomial ◽

Perceived Discrimination ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Time Point

Abstract Background and Objectives Perceived discrimination is a risk factor for poor mental health. However, most studies measure discrimination at one time point, which does not account for heterogeneity in the cumulative patterning of exposure to discrimination. To address this gap, we examine the association between discrimination trajectories and depressive symptoms among black middle-aged and older adults. Research Design and Methods Data were analyzed from a subsample of black Health and Retirement Study respondents (2006–2018, N = 2926, older than 50 years). General discrimination and racial discrimination trajectories were constructed based on the Everyday Discrimination Scale using repeated measures latent profile analyses. We examined the extent to which the association between discrimination trajectories are differentially associated with depressive symptoms (8-item Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale) using negative binomial regression models adjusted for potential confounders. Effect modification by age and gender was tested. Results Individuals in the persistently high (incident rate ratio [IRR]: 1.70; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.49–1.95) and moderate general discrimination trajectories (IRR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.06–1.33) were more likely to have elevated depressive symptoms in comparison to those in the persistently low trajectory. This relationship was strongest among older adults aged older than 65 years. Respondents in the persistently high racial discrimination trajectory (IRR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.29–1.73) had a higher risk of elevated depressive symptoms in comparison to respondents in the persistently low trajectory. Sensitivity analyses indicated that there was an independent association between persistently high racial discrimination trajectory class and elevated depressive symptoms, after adjusting for racial discrimination measured at a single time point. Discussion and Implications Characterizing longitudinal patterns of perceived discrimination may facilitate the stratification of mental health risk and vulnerability among black middle-aged and older adults. Trajectories of racial discrimination may inform risk of worse depressive symptoms more accurately than a single assessment of discrimination.

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Associations of Leisure-Time Physical Activity with Mobility Difficulties among Middle-Aged and Older Adults

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.14.2.133 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 133-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jarmo J. Malmberg ◽

Seppo I. Miilunpalo ◽

Matti E. Pasanen ◽

Ilkka M. Vuori ◽

Pekka Oja

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

Population Based ◽

Stair Climbing ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Men And Women ◽

Future Risk

The authors investigated the associations of the amount, frequency and intensity, and type of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) with the risk of self-reported difficulty in walking (WD) and stair climbing (SCD) over 16 years in a population-based cohort age 40–64 years at the onset of the study. Their results indicated that the risk for SCD was highest among men and women with a low amount of weekly LTPA. The risk was high also among women with weekly light LTPA compared with women with weekly vigorous LTPA. The risk for WD was highest among men who engaged in fitness activity once a week compared with men who engaged in fitness activity at least three times a week. A low amount of weekly LTPA, light LTPA twice or more a week, and LTPA for keeping fit and healthy less than three times a week are associated with future risk of mobility difficulties among middle-aged and older adults.

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Can we walk away from cardiovascular disease risk or do we have to ‘huff and puff’? A cross-sectional compositional accelerometer data analysis among adults and older adults in the Copenhagen City Heart Study

10.21203/rs.2.20193/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Melker Staffan Johansson ◽

Karen Søgaard ◽

Eva Prescott ◽

Jacob Louis Marott ◽

Peter Schnohr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Older Adults ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Sedentary Behaviour ◽

Accelerometer Data ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Heart Study ◽

Copenhagen City Heart Study

Abstract Background: It is unclear whether walking can decrease cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk or if high intensity physical activity (HIPA) is needed, and whether the association is modified by age. We investigated how sedentary behaviour, walking, and HIPA, were associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP), waist circumference (WC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) among adults and older adults in a general population sample using compositional data analysis. Specifically, the measure of association was quantified by reallocating time between sedentary behaviour and 1) walking, and 2) HIPA. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the fifth examination of the Copenhagen City Heart Study was used. Using the software Acti4, we estimated daily time spent in physical behaviours from accelerometer data worn 24 h/day for 7 days (i.e., right frontal thigh and iliac crest; median wear time: 6 days, 23.8 h/day). SBP, WC, and LDL-C were measured during a physical examination. Inclusion criteria were ≥5 days with ≥16 h of accelerometer recordings per day, and no use of antihypertensives, diuretics or cholesterol lowering medicine. The 24-hour physical behaviour composition consisted of sedentary behaviour, standing, moving, walking, HIPA (i.e., sum of climbing stairs, running, cycling and rowing), and time in bed. We used fitted values from linear regression models to predict the difference in outcome given the investigated time reallocations relative to the group-specific mean composition. Results: Among 1053 eligible participants, we found an interaction between the physical behaviour composition and age. Age-stratified analyses (i.e., </≥65 years; 773 adults, 280 older adults) indicated that less sedentary behaviour and more walking was associated with lower SBP among older adults only. For less sedentary behaviour and more HIPA, the results i) indicated an association with lower SBP irrespective of age, ii) showed an association with a smaller WC among adults, and iii) showed an association with a lower LDL-C in both age groups. Conclusions: Less sedentary behaviour and more walking seems to be associated with lower CVD risk among older adults, while HIPA types are associated with lower risk among adults. Therefore, to reduce CVD risk, the modifying effect of age should be considered in future physical activity-promoting initiatives.

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Association between device measured and self-reported sitting in relation to depression: the 1970 British Cohort Study

10.1101/2020.03.13.20035451 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Andrew Webster ◽

G David Batty ◽

Natalie Pearson ◽

Emmanuel Stamatakis ◽

Mark Hamer

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Sedentary Behaviour ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Sitting Time ◽

Tv Viewing ◽

Depression Diagnosis ◽

Sedentary Behaviours ◽

British Cohort Study

AbstractAimsWhile physical activity appears to confer protection against depression, the relationship between sedentary behaviour and mental health is uncertain. Self-reported methods provide information about context although there may be error in the quantification of sedentary behaviour. Accordingly, we examined associations of both device-measured and self-reported sedentary behaviour with depression.MethodParticipants (n=4,704; 52.4% Female; aged 46-48) were drawn from the 1970 British Cohort Study. Sitting time and moderate-vigorous physical activity was measured using a thigh-worn accelerometer device (ActivPAL) over a seven day period. A range of self-reported sedentary behaviours was measured to provide context. Depression diagnosis was captured using a combination of self-reported consultation with a physician and use of anti-depressant medication. Malaise inventory was used to assess depressive symptoms.ResultsRelative to those who spent <8 hr/d sitting, those in the highest tertile of device measured sitting (>10 hr/d) had increased odds of depression diagnosis (odds ratio= 1.48 [95% confidence interval 1.05-2.08]). There was no association between self-reported TV viewing and depression diagnosis (1.07; 0.71-1.63). We observed protective associations between moderate-vigorous physical activity and depression diagnosis (highest tertile vs. the lowest tertile; 0.70;0.49-1.00). Associations of sitting time and physical activity with depression were mutually independent. Relative to <1 hours of internet usage, 2-3 and >3 hours of internet weekday usage were associated with increased odds of depressive symptoms (1.60;1.30-1.97 and 1.63;1.32-2.03, respectively).ConclusionDevice-measured sitting is associated depression diagnosis, although less consistent associations are observed with self-reported sedentary behaviours. Regular physical activity and reducing sedentary time may be beneficial for prevention of depression.

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How the Daily Smartphone is Associated With Daily Travel, Physical Activity, and Self-Perceived Health: Evidence From 2017 National Household Travel Survey

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.2019-0222 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (5) ◽

pp. 740-748

Author(s):

Yong Yang ◽

Sheng Li ◽

Kai Zhang ◽

Xiaoling Xiang ◽

Zhigang Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Travel Survey ◽

Household Travel Survey ◽

Smartphone Use ◽

Mean Differences ◽

Household Travel ◽

National Household Travel Survey

Knowledge of how smartphone use in daily life, rather than in the context of intervention, may influence people’s behaviors and health is limited and mixed. The 2017 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) data were used to examine the associations between daily smartphone use and several outcomes, including engaging in vigorous physical activity, self-perceived being healthy, and the adjusted mean differences for total trips and active travels among older adults (≥65 years) as well as among young and middle-aged groups (18–64 years), respectively. The prevalence of daily smartphone use declined with increasing age. Daily smartphone use was associated with increased total trips and active travel, a higher likelihood of engaging in vigorous physical activity, and in self-perceived being healthy status. The associations were stronger among older adults than young and middle-aged adults. More studies are needed to address the complex pathways among daily smartphone use and other outcomes. Daily smartphone use has the potential to address the unmet daily needs of older adults and bridge health disparities for this disadvantaged group.

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Compositional analysis of the association between mortality and 24-hour movement behaviour from NHANES

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology ◽

10.1177/2047487319867783 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 204748731986778 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Duncan E McGregor ◽

Javier Palarea-Albaladejo ◽

Philippa M Dall ◽

Borja del Pozo Cruz ◽

Sebastien FM Chastin

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sedentary Behaviour ◽

Time Use ◽

Compositional Data ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Lifestyle Factors ◽

Accelerometer Data ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Daily Time

Aims Previous prospective studies of the association between mortality and physical activity have generally not fully accounted for the interplay between movement behaviours. A compositional data modelling approach accounts for relative scale and co-dependency in time-use data across physical activity behaviours of the 24-hour day. Methods A prospective analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2006 on N = 1468 adults ( d = 135 deaths) in ages 50–79 years was undertaken using compositional Cox regression analysis. Daily time spent in sedentary behaviour, light intensity (LIPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was determined from waist-mounted accelerometer data (Actigraph 7164) and supplemented with self-reported sleep data to determine the daily time-use composition. Results The composition of time spent in sedentary behaviour, LIPA, MVPA and sleep was associated with mortality rate after allowing for age and sex effects ( p < 0.001), and remained significant when other lifestyle factors were added ( p < 0.001). This was driven primarily by the preponderance of MVPA; however, significant changes are attributable to LIPA relative to sedentary behaviour and sleep, and sedentary behaviour relative to sleep. The final ratio ceased to be statistically significant after incorporating lifestyle factors. The preponderance of MVPA ceased to be statistically significant after incorporating health at outset and physical limitations on movement. Conclusions An association is inferred between survival rate and the physical activity composition of the day. The MVPA time share is important, but time spent in LIPA relative to sedentary behaviour and sleep is also a significant factor. Increased preponderance of MVPA may have detrimental associations at higher levels of MVPA.

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