1113Depressive symptoms and objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour in adolescents

Abstract Background Physical activity and sedentary behaviour could be crucial risk factors for adolescent depression. This is the first study to use objective physical activity and sedentary behaviour measure to examine their association with depression in adolescents. Methods We analysed accelerometer data from population-based adolescents at ages 12, 14, and 16 and depressive symptoms at age 18. We used negative binomial regression and group-based trajectory models to analyse the data. Results We found that total physical activity decreased between 12 years and 16 years of age, driven by a decline in light activity and increase in sedentary behaviour. Each additional 60-minute increase in daily sedentary behaviour at ages 12, 14, and 16 was associated with an increased depression score at age 18 of 11·1% (95% CI, 5·1, 17·6), 8% (95% CI, 1·2, 15·2), and 10·5% (95% CI, 1·5, 20·8), respectively. Depression scores at age 18 were 9·6% (95% CI, 3·9, 15), 7.8% (95% CI, 0·8, 14.3), and 11·1% (95% CI, 2·6, 19.1) lower per additional 60-minutes of daily light activity time at ages 12, 14, and 16. These findings were robust to a series of sensitivity analyses. Conclusions Sedentary behaviour displaces light activity throughout adolescence and is associated with a higher risk of depressive symptoms at 18 years of age. Key messages Increasing light activity and decreasing sedentary behaviour during adolescence could be an important target for public health interventions aimed at reducing the prevalence of depression.

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Substitutions of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: associations with mental health in middle-aged and elderly persons

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health ◽

10.1136/jech-2020-215883 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. jech-2020-215883

Author(s):

Amy Hofman ◽

Trudy Voortman ◽

M. Arfan Ikram ◽

Annemarie I Luik

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Sedentary Behaviour ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Population Based ◽

Elderly Persons ◽

Accelerometer Data ◽

Middle Aged

BackgroundPhysical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep are potential risk factors of mental health disorders, but previous studies have not considered the dependency between these activity domains. Therefore, we examined the associations of reallocations of time among older adults’ physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep with depressive and anxiety symptoms using compositional isotemporal substitution analyses.MethodsWe included 1943 participants (mean age 71 years, SD: 9; 52% women) from the population-based Rotterdam Study. Between 2011 and 2016, we collected accelerometer data (mean duration 5.8 days, SD: 0.4) on physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep and self-reported data on depressive symptoms and anxiety.ResultsA reallocation of 30 min more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was associated with a −0.55 (95% CI −1.04 to −0.06) points lower depressive symptoms score when replacing sleep and a −0.59 (95% CI −1.06 to −0.12) points lower score when replacing sedentary behaviour, but not when replacing light physical activity (−0.70, 95% CI −1.63 to 0.24). No associations were found for anxiety.ConclusionReplacing sedentary behaviour or sleep with more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was associated with less depressive symptoms, suggesting that mainly intensive types of physical activity are important for middle-aged and older adults in relation to depressive symptoms.

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Device-measured sedentary behaviour and anxiety symptoms during adolescence: a 6-year prospective cohort study

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291720004948 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

A. Kandola ◽

G. Lewis ◽

D. P. J. Osborn ◽

B. Stubbs ◽

J. F. Hayes

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Sedentary Behaviour ◽

Negative Binomial ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Total Physical Activity ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Light Activity ◽

Physical Activity Volume

Abstract Background Sedentary behaviour is potentially a modifiable risk factor for anxiety disorders, a major source of global disability that typically starts during adolescence. This is the first prospective study of associations between repeated, device-based measures of sedentary behaviour and anxiety symptoms in adolescents. Methods A UK cohort with 4257 adolescents aged 12 at baseline (56% female). Main exposures were sedentary behaviour and physical activity measured using accelerometers for 7-days at ages 12, 14, and 16. Primary outcome was anxiety symptom scores at age 18 from a Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised. We used adjusted negative binomial regression and iso-temporal substitution methods to analyse the data. Results We found a positive association between sedentary behaviour at ages 12, 14, and 16, with anxiety symptoms at age 18, independent of total physical activity volume. Theoretically replacing an hour of daily sedentary behaviour for light activity at ages 12, 14, and 16, was associated with lower anxiety symptoms by age 18 by 15.9% (95% CI 8.7–22.4), 12.1% (95% CI 3.4–20.1), and 14.7% (95% CI 4–24.2), respectively. Whereas, theoretically replacing an hour of sedentary behaviour with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was not associated with differences in anxiety symptoms. These results were robust to a series of sensitivity analyses. Conclusion Sedentary behaviour is a possible risk factor for increasing anxiety symptoms during adolescence, independent of total physical activity volume. Instead of focusing on moderate-to-vigorous activity, replacing daily sedentary behaviour with light activity during adolescence could be a more suitable method of reducing future anxiety symptoms.

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Loneliness, physical activity and mental health during Covid-19: a longitudinal analysis of depression and anxiety in adults over 50 between 2015 and 2020

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610220004135 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-21

Author(s):

Byron Creese ◽

Zunera Khan ◽

William Henley ◽

Siobhan O’Dwyer ◽

Anne Corbett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Negative Binomial ◽

Negative Binomial Regression ◽

Population Based ◽

Annual Data ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Social Distancing ◽

The Impact

Abstract Objective: Loneliness and physical activity are important targets for research into the impact of COVID-19 because they have established links with mental health, could be exacerbated by social distancing policies and are potentially modifiable. In this study we aimed to identify whether loneliness and physical activity were associated with worse mental health during a period of mandatory social distancing in the UK. Design: Population-based observation cohort study. Setting: Mental health data collected online during COVID-19 from an existing sample of adults aged 50 and over taking part in a longitudinal study of ageing. All had comparable annual data collected between 2015 and 2019. Participants: 3,281 participants aged 50 and over. Measurements: Trajectories of depression (measured by PHQ-9) and anxiety (measured by GAD-7) between 2015 and 2020 were analyzed with respect to loneliness, physical activity levels and a number of socioeconomic and demographic characteristics using zero-inflated negative binomial regression. Results: In 2020, PHQ-9 score for loneliness, adjusted for covariates, was 3.23 (95% CI: 3.01-3.44), an increase of around one point on all previous years in this group and 2 points higher than people not rated lonely, whose score did not change in 2020 (1.22, 95% CI: 1.12-1.32). PHQ-9 was 2.60, 95% CI: 2.43-2.78 in people with decreased physical activity, an increase of 0.5 on previous years. In contrast, PHQ-9 in 2020 for people whose physical activity had not decreased was 1.66, 95% CI: 1.56-1.75, similar to previous years. A similar relationship was observed for GAD-7 though the absolute burden of symptoms lower. Conclusion: After accounting for pre-COVID-19 trends, we show that experiencing loneliness and decreased physical activity are risk factors for worsening mental health during the pandemic. Our findings highlight the need to examine policies which target these potentially modifiable risk factors.

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Sociodemographic characteristics of missing data in digital phenotyping

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-94516-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mathew V. Kiang ◽

Jarvis T. Chen ◽

Nancy Krieger ◽

Caroline O. Buckee ◽

Monica J. Alexander ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Missing Data ◽

Sex Education ◽

Negative Binomial ◽

Negative Binomial Regression ◽

Sensor Data ◽

Model Specification ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Natural Environments ◽

Accelerometer Data ◽

Digital Phenotyping

AbstractThe ubiquity of smartphones, with their increasingly sophisticated array of sensors, presents an unprecedented opportunity for researchers to collect longitudinal, diverse, temporally-dense data about human behavior while minimizing participant burden. Researchers increasingly make use of smartphones for “digital phenotyping,” the collection and analysis of raw phone sensor and log data to study the lived experiences of subjects in their natural environments using their own devices. While digital phenotyping has shown promise in fields such as psychiatry and neuroscience, there are fundamental gaps in our knowledge about data collection and non-collection (i.e., missing data) in smartphone-based digital phenotyping. In this meta-study using individual-level data from six different studies, we examined accelerometer and GPS sensor data of 211 participants, amounting to 29,500 person-days of observation, using Bayesian hierarchical negative binomial regression with study- and user-level random intercepts. Sensitivity analyses including alternative model specification and stratified models were conducted. We found that iOS users had lower GPS non-collection than Android users. For GPS data, rates of non-collection did not differ by race/ethnicity, education, age, or gender. For accelerometer data, Black participants had higher rates of non-collection, but rates did not differ by sex, education, or age. For both sensors, non-collection increased by 0.5% to 0.9% per week. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using smartphone-based digital phenotyping across diverse populations, for extended periods of time, and within diverse cohorts. As smartphones become increasingly embedded in everyday life, the insights of this study will help guide the design, planning, and analysis of digital phenotyping studies.

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Association of prevalence of active transport to work and incidence of myocardial infarction: A nationwide ecological study

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology ◽

10.1177/2047487319876228 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (8) ◽

pp. 822-829 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Theresa Munyombwe ◽

Robin Lovelace ◽

Mark Green ◽

Paul Norman ◽

Sarah Walpole ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Active Transport ◽

Ecological Study ◽

Negative Binomial ◽

Negative Binomial Regression ◽

Credible Interval ◽

Local Area ◽

Population Based ◽

Active Transportation

Background There is a paucity of population-based geospatial data about the association between active transport and myocardial infarction. We investigated the association between active transport to work and incidence of myocardial infarction. Design This ecological study of 325 local authorities in England included 43,077,039 employed individuals aged 25–74 years (UK Census, 2011), and 117,521 individuals with myocardial infarction (Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project, 2011–2013). Methods Bayesian negative binomial regression models were used to investigate the association of active transport to work and incidence of myocardial infarction adjusting for local levels of deprivation, obesity, smoking, diabetes and physical activity. Results In 2011, the prevalence of active transportation to work for people in employment in England aged 25–74 years was 11.4% (4,531,182 active transporters; 8.6% walking and 2.8% cycling). Active transport in 2011 was associated with a reduced incidence of myocardial infarction in 2012 amongst men cycling to work (incidence rate ratio (95% credible interval) 0.983 (0.967–0.999); and women walking to work (0.983 (0.967–0.999)) after full adjustments. However, the prevalence of active transport for men and women was not significantly associated with the combined incidence of myocardial infarction between 2011–2013 after adjusting for physical activity, smoking and diabetes. Conclusions In England, the prevalence of active transportation was associated with a reduced incidence of myocardial infarction for women walking and men cycling to work in corresponding local geographic areas. The overall association of active transport with myocardial infarction was, however, explained by local area levels of smoking, diabetes and physical activity.

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Association between homicide rates and suicide rates: a countrywide longitudinal analysis of 5507 Brazilian municipalities

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040069 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. e040069

Author(s):

Daiane Borges Machado ◽

Keltie McDonald ◽

Luis F S Castro-de-Araujo ◽

Delan Devakumar ◽

Flávia Jôse Oliveira Alves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Binomial ◽

Negative Binomial Regression ◽

Population Based ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Homicide Rates ◽

Suicide Rates ◽

Socioeconomic And Demographic Factors ◽

The Relationship

ObjectiveTo estimate the association between homicide and suicide rates in Brazilian municipalities over a period of 7 years.DesignWe conducted a longitudinal ecological study using annual mortality data from 5507 Brazilian municipalities between 2008 and 2014. Multivariable negative binomial regression models were used to examine the relationship between homicide and suicide rates. Robustness of results was explored using sensitivity analyses to examine the influence of data quality, population size, age and sex on the relationship between homicide and suicide rates.SettingA nationwide study of municipality-level data.ParticipantsMortality data and corresponding population estimates for municipal populations aged 10 years and older.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAge-standardised suicide rates per 100 000.ResultsMunicipal suicide rates were positively associated with municipal homicide rates; after adjusting for socioeconomic and demographic factors, a doubling of the homicide rate was associated with 22% increase in suicide rate (rate ratio=1.22, 95% CI: 1.13 to 1.33). A dose–response effect was observed with 4% increase in suicide rates at the third quintile, 9% at the fourth quintile and 12% at the highest quintile of homicide rates compared with the lowest quintile. The observed effect estimates were robust to sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsMunicipalities with higher homicide rates have higher suicide rates and the relationship between homicide and suicide rates in Brazil exists independently of many sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors. Our results are in line with the hypothesis that changes in homicide rates lead to changes in suicide rates, although a causal association cannot be established from this study. Suicide and homicide rates have increased in Brazil despite increased community mental health support and incarceration, respectively; therefore, new avenues for intervention are needed. The identification of a positive relationship between homicide and suicide rates suggests that population-based interventions to reduce homicide rates may also reduce suicide rates in Brazil.

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A dose response relationship between accelerometer assessed daily steps and depressive symptoms in older adults: a two-year cohort study

Age and Ageing ◽

10.1093/ageing/afaa162 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ming-Chun Hsueh ◽

Brendon Stubbs ◽

Yun-Ju Lai ◽

Chi-Kuang Sun ◽

Li-Jung Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Negative Binomial ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Negative Binomial Regression ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Daily Step ◽

Daily Step Count ◽

The Stability

Abstract Objectives this study investigated the prospective associations of accelerometer assessed daily steps with subsequent depressive symptoms in older adults. Methods a 2-year prospective study was performed in the community. A total of 285 older adults ≥65 years (mean age = 74.5) attended the baseline assessment in 2012. The second wave of assessment was carried out in 2014 including 274 (96.1%) participants. Daily step counts were measured with a triaxial accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X+), and participants were divided into three categories (<3,500, 3,500–6,999 and ≥ 7,000 steps/day). The 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale was used to measure depressive symptoms. Negative binomial regression models with multivariable adjustment for covariates (baseline depressive symptoms, accelerometer wear time, age, gender, education, chronic disease, activities of daily living) were conducted to examine the association between daily steps and subsequent depressive symptoms. Results each 1,000-step increase in daily walking was linearly associated with a reduced rate of subsequent depressive symptoms (rate ratio [RR] = 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.92–0.98). Participants with daily step count in 3,500–6,999 (RR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.70–0.99) and ≥7,000 steps (RR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.55–0.92) per day had fewer depressive symptoms at follow-up. Sensitivity analyses assessing confounding and reverse causation provided further support for the stability of our findings. Conclusion older adults engaging in more daily steps had fewer depressive symptoms after 2 years. Even as few as 3,500–6,999 steps a day was associated with a protecting effect. Accumulating ≥7,000 steps a day could provide the greatest protection against depressive symptoms.

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Ambient temperature and subsequent COVID-19 mortality in the OECD countries and individual United States

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-87803-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Costas A. Christophi ◽

Mercedes Sotos-Prieto ◽

Fan-Yun Lan ◽

Mario Delgado-Velandia ◽

Vasilis Efthymiou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Ambient Temperature ◽

Negative Binomial ◽

Negative Binomial Regression ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Oecd Countries ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Inverse Association

AbstractEpidemiological studies have yielded conflicting results regarding climate and incident SARS-CoV-2 infection, and seasonality of infection rates is debated. Moreover, few studies have focused on COVD-19 deaths. We studied the association of average ambient temperature with subsequent COVID-19 mortality in the OECD countries and the individual United States (US), while accounting for other important meteorological and non-meteorological co-variates. The exposure of interest was average temperature and other weather conditions, measured at 25 days prior and 25 days after the first reported COVID-19 death was collected in the OECD countries and US states. The outcome of interest was cumulative COVID-19 mortality, assessed for each region at 25, 30, 35, and 40 days after the first reported death. Analyses were performed with negative binomial regression and adjusted for other weather conditions, particulate matter, sociodemographic factors, smoking, obesity, ICU beds, and social distancing. A 1 °C increase in ambient temperature was associated with 6% lower COVID-19 mortality at 30 days following the first reported death (multivariate-adjusted mortality rate ratio: 0.94, 95% CI 0.90, 0.99, p = 0.016). The results were robust for COVID-19 mortality at 25, 35 and 40 days after the first death, as well as other sensitivity analyses. The results provide consistent evidence across various models of an inverse association between higher average temperatures and subsequent COVID-19 mortality rates after accounting for other meteorological variables and predictors of SARS-CoV-2 infection or death. This suggests potentially decreased viral transmission in warmer regions and during the summer season.

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The impact of teaching on the duration of common urological operations

Canadian Urological Association Journal ◽

10.5489/cuaj.3737 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (5-6) ◽

pp. 172 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Blayne Welk ◽

Jennifer Winick-Ng ◽

Andrew McClure ◽

Chris Vinden ◽

Sumit Dave ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radical Prostatectomy ◽

Negative Binomial ◽

Negative Binomial Regression ◽

Potential Effect ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Teaching Hospitals ◽

Operative Duration ◽

Open Radical Prostatectomy ◽

Academic Hospitals ◽

The Impact

Introduction: The ability of academic (teaching) hospitals to offer the same level of efficiency as non-teaching hospitals in a publicly funded healthcare system is unknown. Our objective was to compare the operative duration of general urology procedures between teaching and non-teaching hospitals. Methods: We used administrative data from the province of Ontario to conduct a retrospective cohort study of all adults who underwent a specified elective urology procedure (2002–2013). Primary outcome was duration of surgical procedure. Primary exposure was hospital type (academic or non-teaching). Negative binomial regression was used to adjust relative time estimates for age, comorbidity, obesity, anesthetic, and surgeon and hospital case volume.Results: 114 225 procedures were included (circumcision n=12 280; hydrocelectomy n=7221; open radical prostatectomy n=22 951; transurethral prostatectomy n=56 066; or mid-urethral sling n=15 707). These procedures were performed in an academic hospital in 14.8%, 13.3%, 28.6%, 17.1%, and 21.3% of cases, respectively. The mean operative duration across all procedures was higher in academic centres; the additional operative time ranged from 8.3 minutes (circumcision) to 29.2 minutes (radical prostatectomy). In adjusted analysis, patients treated in academic hospitals were still found to have procedures that were significantly longer (by 10‒21%). These results were similar in sensitivity analyses that accounted for the potential effect of more complex patients being referred to tertiary academic centres.Conclusions: Five common general urology operations take significantly longer to perform in academic hospitals. The reason for this may be due to the combined effect of teaching students and residents or due to inherent systematic inefficiencies within large academic hospitals.

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Physical activity and depressive symptoms in community-dwelling elders from southern Brazil

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1590/s1516-44462011005000006 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 165-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

César L. Reichert ◽

César L. Diogo ◽

José L. Vieira ◽

Roberta R. Dalacorte

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Linear Trend ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Population Based ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Active Group ◽

Lower Prevalence ◽

Cross Sectional

OBJECTIVE: To determine the existence of a relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms in community-dwelling elders. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional, population-based study, which included 379 community-dwelling elders from Novo Hamburgo, state of RS, Brazil. The level of physical activity was estimated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and depressive symptoms were diagnosed according to the Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale. The association between the level of physical activity and depressive symptoms was analyzed by logistic regression. RESULTS: A tendency towards a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms was observed in individuals with higher levels of physical activity, both in the sample as a whole as well as among men, but not among women (p for linear trend 0.04, 0.03 and 0.36, respectively). The odds ratio of the presence of depressive symptoms in the very active group, as compared against that of the insufficiently active group was 0.32 (95% CI: 0.12-0.86) for men and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.39-1.46) for women. CONCLUSION: In this population of aged individuals, more intense physical activity is related to a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms. As shown by gender stratification, physical activity is inversely related to depressive symptoms in men, albeit not in women.

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