P2-404 High HIV prevalence rates in a semi-rural area of southern Mozambique: population-based data compared with antenatal clinic prevalence estimations

In examining the strikingly high prevalence rates of HIV in many parts of Africa, reaching as high as 5% in some areas, how does the discourse promoted by the predominant religions across the continent, Islam and Christianity, affect the outlook of their followers on the epidemic? This question becomes even more intriguing after discovering the dramatic difference in rate of HIV prevalence between Muslims and Christians in Africa, confirmed by studies that have found a negative relationship to exist between HIV prevalence and being Muslim in Africa, even in Sub-Saharan African nations. Why does this gap in prevalence rates exist? Does Islam advocate participating in less risky behavior more so than Christianity? By comparing the social construction, epidemiological understanding and public responses among Muslim populations in Africa with Christian ones, it becomes apparent that many similarities exist between the two regarding discourse and that, rather than religious discourse itself, other social factors, such as circumcision practices, contribute more to the disparity in HIV prevalence than originally thought.

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The prevalence and incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus in Taiwan: a nationwide population-based study

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-84957-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Pui-Ying Leong ◽

Jing-Yang Huang ◽

Jeng-Yuan Chiou ◽

Yi-Chiao Bai ◽

James Cheng-Chung Wei

Keyword(s):

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Relative Risk ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Rural Area ◽

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

The Elderly ◽

Income Group ◽

Population Based ◽

Systemic Lupus ◽

Male Population

AbstractTo estimate the prevalence and incidence rate of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Taiwan by using a population-based longitudinal database from 2001 to 2011. We conducted a longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID) containing 1,000,000 beneficiaries’ records for calculation of prevalence and incidence rate of SLE from 2001–2011. The overall prevalence of SLE in Taiwan in 2011 is 8.11 per 10,000 people with 14.3 per 10,000 people in female and 1.62 per 10,000 people in male. The overall incidence rate of SLE is 0.74–1 per 10,000 person-years with 1.09–1.76 per 10,000 person-years in female and 0.12–0.25 per 10,000 person-years in male. The highest prevalence rate was observed at 40–49 age group in females. There were no significant differences in the overall prevalence among the urban, suburban and rural area in Taiwan while the relative risk is higher in male population living in rural area (RR 1.36, 95% C.I. 1.03–1.79, p = 0.0303). The highest income group has a lower relative risk for the prevalence of SLE (RR 0.83, 95% C.I. 0.71–0.97, p = 0.0197). The incidence rate of SLE in male in the rural area is also higher than the urban area (RR 2.34, 95% C.I. 1.3–4.22, p = 0.0046). Our study covers the longest period among the nation-wide population studies of SLE in Taiwan. The prevalence was increasing especially in the elderly.

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HIV Prevalence Rates among Injection Drug Users in 96 Large US Metropolitan Areas, 1992–2002

Journal of Urban Health ◽

10.1007/s11524-008-9328-1 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 86 (1) ◽

pp. 132-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Barbara Tempalski ◽

Spencer Lieb ◽

Charles M. Cleland ◽

Hannah Cooper ◽

Joanne E. Brady ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Injection Drug Users ◽

Drug Users ◽

Metropolitan Areas ◽

Hiv Prevalence ◽

Injection Drug ◽

Prevalence Rates

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Hypertension and Obesity in Adults Living in a High HIV Prevalence Rural Area in South Africa

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0047761 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (10) ◽

pp. e47761 ◽

Cited By ~ 79

Author(s):

Abraham Malaza ◽

Joel Mossong ◽

Till Bärnighausen ◽

Marie-Louise Newell

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Rural Area ◽

Hiv Prevalence

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Epidemiologic trends of infants with orofacial clefts in a multiethnic country: a retrospective population-based study

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-87229-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mimi Yow ◽

Aizhen Jin ◽

George Seow Heong Yeo

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Infant Mortality ◽

Population Based ◽

Infant Mortality Rate ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Upward Trend ◽

Significance Level ◽

Significant Upward Trend ◽

And Gender ◽

Ethnicity And Gender

AbstractCleft births surveillance is essential in healthcare and prevention planning. Data are needed in precision medicine to target upstream management for at-risk individuals. This study characterizes Singapore’s population-based orofacial cleft topography by ethnicity and gender, and establishes the cleft cohort’s infant mortality rate. Data, in the decade 2003 to 2012, were extracted by the National Birth Defects Registry. Trend testing by linear regression was at p < 0.05 significance level. Prevalence per 10,000 for population-based cleft live births was 16.72 with no significant upward trend (p = 0.317). Prevalence rates were 8.77 in the isolated cleft group, 7.04 in the non-isolated cleft group, and 0.91 in the syndromic cleft group. There was significant upward trend in infants with non-isolated clefts (p = 0.0287). There were no significant upward trends in infants with isolated clefts and syndromic clefts. Prevalence rates were sexually dimorphic and ethnic-specific: male 17.72; female 15.78; Chinese group 17.17; Malay group 16.92; Indian group 10.74; and mixed ethnic origins group 21.73. The overall infant mortality rate (IMR) was 4.8% in the cohort of 608 cleft births, which was more than double the population-based IMR of 2.1% in the same period. Infants with non-isolated and syndromic clefts accounted for 96.6% of the deaths.

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