scholarly journals Epidemiologic trends of infants with orofacial clefts in a multiethnic country: a retrospective population-based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mimi Yow ◽  
Aizhen Jin ◽  
George Seow Heong Yeo
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Upward Trend ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Ethnicity And Gender

AbstractCleft births surveillance is essential in healthcare and prevention planning. Data are needed in precision medicine to target upstream management for at-risk individuals. This study characterizes Singapore’s population-based orofacial cleft topography by ethnicity and gender, and establishes the cleft cohort’s infant mortality rate. Data, in the decade 2003 to 2012, were extracted by the National Birth Defects Registry. Trend testing by linear regression was at p < 0.05 significance level. Prevalence per 10,000 for population-based cleft live births was 16.72 with no significant upward trend (p = 0.317). Prevalence rates were 8.77 in the isolated cleft group, 7.04 in the non-isolated cleft group, and 0.91 in the syndromic cleft group. There was significant upward trend in infants with non-isolated clefts (p = 0.0287). There were no significant upward trends in infants with isolated clefts and syndromic clefts. Prevalence rates were sexually dimorphic and ethnic-specific: male 17.72; female 15.78; Chinese group 17.17; Malay group 16.92; Indian group 10.74; and mixed ethnic origins group 21.73. The overall infant mortality rate (IMR) was 4.8% in the cohort of 608 cleft births, which was more than double the population-based IMR of 2.1% in the same period. Infants with non-isolated and syndromic clefts accounted for 96.6% of the deaths.

scholarly journals Father’s Lifetime Socioeconomic Status, Small for Gestational Age Infants, and Infant Mortality: A Population-Based Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Ensted ◽  
Kristin Rankin ◽  
Carla Desisto ◽  
James W. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Income Data ◽  
Mother’S Age

Objective: To ascertain the association between father’s lifetime socioeconomic status (SES) and rates of small for gestational age (SGA, defined as weight for gestational age <10th percentile) and infant mortality (defined as <365 days).Methods: The study sample was limited to the singleton births of African American (n=8,331), non-Latina White (n=18,200), and Latina (n=2,637) women. Strati­fied and multilevel, multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted on the Illinois transgenerational dataset of infants (1989-1991) and their Chicago-born par­ents (1956-1976) with appended US census income data (n=29,168). The median fam­ily income of father’s census tract residence during childhood and parenthood were used to assess lifetime SES.Results: Births (n=8,113) to fathers with a lifetime low SES had a SGA rate of 13.3% compared with 6.6% for those (n=10,329) born to fathers with a lifetime high SES, RR = 1.97 (1.79, 2.17). The infant mortality rate of births to fathers with a lifetime low SES exceeded that of infant mortality rate of births to fathers with a lifetime high SES: 13/1,000 vs 5/1,000, respectively; RR = 2.71 (1.94, 3.77). The adjusted (controlling for mother’s age, education, marital status, and race/ethnicity) OR of SGA for fathers with childhood, parenthood, and lifetime low (vs high) SES were 1.15 (1.01, 1.31), 1.13 (1.02, 1.26), and 1.19 (1.05, 1.34), respectively. The adjusted OR of infant mor­tality for births to fathers with childhood, parenthood, and lifetime low (vs high) SES were 1.14 (.78, 1.67), 1.40 (.90, 2.18), and 1.31 (.90, 1.92), respectively.Conclusions: Low paternal socioeconomic status is a previously unrecognized determi­nant of SGA birth regardless of mother’s de­mographic status.Ethn Dis. 2019;29(1):9-16; doi:10.18865/ed.29.1.9

scholarly journals Epidemiologic Trends of Infants With Orofacial Clefts in a Multiethnic Country: A Retrospective Population-based Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mimi Yow ◽  
Aizhen Jin ◽  
George SH Yeo
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Birth Defects ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Resident Population ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Associated Malformations

Abstract Objectives: To establish the population-based prevalence and trends of cleft live births, evaluate associated malformations and infant mortality rate (IMR), and delineate the orofacial cleft (OFC) topography, ethnic and gender-specific features of the resident-population in Singapore from 2003 to 2012. Cleft-births surveillance and data of affected individuals, families, ethnic groups, locations and environment are essential in upstream healthcare planning. Well-informed decisions supported by data are all-important in health policies.Methods: Resident population-based data were compiled from the National Birth Defects Registry (NBDR). The Registry’s data was established from multiple sources: cytogenetics and histopathology laboratories, neonatal wards and maternity hospitals, medi-claims, birth defects, death certificates with reported congenital anomalies, stillbirths and abortuses (spontaneous and elective). The significance level of trend testing was set at p<0.05.Results: Prevalence per 10 000 for all cleft live births was 16.72; isolated clefts with no associated malformations, cleft lip, cleft palate, and cleft lip with cleft palate were 8.77, 6.85, 3.16, and 6.71, respectively. Prevalence in cleft live births was sexually dimorphic and ethnic-specific: Male, 17.72; Female, 15.78; Chinese group, 17.17; Malay group, 16.92; Indian group, 10.74; and mixed ethnicity group, 21.73. Infants with isolated clefts, non-isolated clefts with other malformations, and syndromic clefts were 52.5%, 42.1%, and 5.4%, respectively. Upward trend in infants with non-isolated clefts was significant (p=0.0287). The mortality rate in infants with clefts was 4.76%.Conclusions: The population-based prevalence for cleft live births was 16.72 per 10 000 with no significant upward trend. Co-occurrence of malformations and syndromes was found in almost half of all cleft live births. The IMR of infants with OFC was double that of the population norm.

Congenital left heart obstruction: ethnic variation in incidence and infant survival

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (9) ◽  
pp. 857-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elza Cloete ◽  
Lynn Sadler ◽  
Frank H Bloomfield ◽  
Sue Crengle ◽  
Teuila Percival ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Left Heart ◽  
Infant Survival ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Arch Obstruction

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between ethnicity and health outcomes among fetuses and infants with congenital left heart obstruction (LHO).DesignA retrospective population-based review was conducted of fetuses and infants with LHO including all terminations, stillbirths and live births from 20 weeks’ gestation in New Zealand over a 9-year period. Disease incidence and mortality were analysed by ethnicity and by disease type: hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), aortic arch obstruction (AAO), and aortic valve and supravalvular anomalies (AVSA).ResultsCritical LHO was diagnosed in 243 fetuses and newborns. There were 125 with HLHS, 112 with AAO and 6 with isolated AVSA. The incidence of LHO was significantly higher among Europeans (0.59 per 1000) compared with Māori (0.31 per 1000; p<0.001) and Pacific peoples (0.27 per 1000; p=0.002). Terminations were uncommon among Māori and Pacific peoples. Total case fatality was, however, lower in Europeans compared with other ethnicities (42% vs 63%; p=0.002) due to a higher surgical intervention rate and better infant survival. The perinatal and infant mortality rate was 82% for HLHS, 15% for AAO and 2% for AVSA.ConclusionHLHS carries a high perinatal and infant mortality risk. There are ethnic differences in the incidence of and mortality from congenital LHO with differences in mortality rate suggesting inequities may exist in the perinatal management pathway.

Perbandingan Linieritas Dalam Pendeteksian Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Angka Kematian Bayi Di Provinsi Aceh

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Desfira Ahya ◽  
Inas Salsabila ◽  
Miftahuddin
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Penalized Spline ◽  
Aceh Province

Angka Kematian Bayi/ Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) merupakan indikator penting dalam mengukur keberhasilan pengembangan kesehatan. Nilai IMR juga dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui tingkat kesehatan ibu, kondisi kesehatan lingkungan dan secara umum, tingkat pengembangan sosio-ekonomi masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh model IMR terbaik menggunakan tiga pendekatan: Model Linear, Model Linear Tergeneralisir dan Model Aditif Tergeneralisir dengan basis P-spline. Sebagai tambahan, berdasarkan model tersebut akan terlihat variabel yang mempengaruhi tingkat kematian bayi di provinsi Aceh. Penelitian ini menggunakan data jumlah kematian bayi di tahun 2013-2015. Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari Profil Kesehatan Aceh. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa model terbaik dalam menjelaskan angka kematian bayi di provinsi Aceh tahun 2013-2015 ialah Model Linear Tergeneralisir dengan basis P-spline menggunakan parameter penghalusan 100 dan titik knots 8. Faktor yang sangat mempengaruhi angka kematian ialah jumlah pekerja yang sehat.   Infant mortality rate (IMR) is an important indicator in measuring the success of health development. IMR also can be used to knowing the level of maternal health, environmental health conditions and generally the level of socio-economic development in community. This research aims to get the best model of infant mortality data using three approaches: Linear Model, Generalized Linear Model and Generalized Additive Model with Penalized Spline (P-spline) base. In addition, based on the model can be seen the variables that affect to infant mortality in Aceh Province. This research uses data number of infant mortality in Aceh Province period 2013-2015. The data in this research were obtained from Aceh’s Health Profile. The results show that the best model can be explain infant mortality rate in Aceh Province period 2013-2015 is GAM model with P-spline base using smoothing parameter 100 and knots 8. Factor that high effect to infant mortality is number of health workers.

Empirical analysis of factors influencing the public health expenditure in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Kok Wooi Yap ◽  
Doris Padmini Selvaratnam
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Public Health Expenditure ◽  
The Public ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Per Capita

This study aims to investigate the determinants of public health expenditure in Malaysia. An Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach proposed by Pesaran & Shin (1999) and Pesaran et al. (2001) is applied to analyse annual time series data during the period from 1970 to 2017. The study focused on four explanatory variables, namely per capita gross domestic product (GDP), healthcare price index, population aged 65 years and above, as well as infant mortality rate. The bounds test results showed that the public health expenditure and its determinants are cointegrated. The empirical results revealed that the elasticity of government health expenditure with respect to national income is less than unity, indicating that public health expenditure in Malaysia is a necessity good and thus the Wagner’s law does not exist to explain the relationship between public health expenditure and economic growth in Malaysia. In the long run, per capita GDP, healthcare price index, population aged more than 65 years, and infant mortality rate are the important variables in explaining the behaviour of public health expenditure in Malaysia. The empirical results also prove that infant mortality rate is significant in influencing public health spending in the short run. It is noted that macroeconomic and health status factors assume an important role in determining the public health expenditure in Malaysia and thus government policies and strategies should be made by taking into account of these aspects.

Measuring Effectiveness Of Economic Growth On Reducing Infant Mortality Rate In Tamilnadu

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-141
Author(s):  
Mr. Y. EBENEZER
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adf Test ◽  
Bound Test

                   This paper deals with economic growth and infant mortality rate in Tamilnadu. The objects of this paper are to test the relationship between Per capita Net State Domestic Product and infant mortality rate and also to measure the impact of Per capita Net State Domestic Product on infant mortality rate in Tamil Nadu. This analysis has employed the ADF test and ARDL approach. The result of the study shows that IMR got reduced and Per capita Net State Domestic Product increased during the study period. This analysis also revealed that there is a negative relationship between IMR and the economic growth of Tamilnadu. In addition, ARDL bound test result has concluded that per capita Net State Domestic Product of Tamilnadu has long run association with IMR.

scholarly journals The Role of Place of Delivery in Preventing Neonatal and Infant Mortality Rate in India

Geographies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-62
Author(s):  
Ujjwal Das ◽  
Barkha Chaplot ◽  
Hazi Mohammad Azamathulla
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Place Of Delivery ◽  
At Home

Skilled birth attendance and institutional delivery have been advocated for reducing maternal, neonatal mortality and infant mortality (NMR and IMR). This paper examines the role of place of delivery with respect to neo-natal and infant mortality in India using four rounds of the Indian National Family Health Survey conducted in 2015–2016. The place of birth has been categorized as “at home” or “public and private institution.” The role of place of delivery on neo-natal and infant mortality was examined by using multivariate hazard regression models adjusted for clus-tering and relevant maternal, socio-economic, pregnancy and new-born characteristics. There were 141,028 deliveries recorded in public institutions and 54,338 in private institutions. The esti-mated neonatal mortality rate in public and private institutions during this period was 27 and 26 per 1000 live births respectively. The study shows that when the mother delivers child at home, the chances of neonatal mortality risks are higher than the mortality among children born at the health facility centers. Regression analysis also indicates that a professionally qualified provider′s antenatal treatment and assistance greatly decreases the risks of neonatal mortality. The results of the study illustrate the importance of the provision of institutional facilities and proper pregnancy in the prevention of neonatal and infant deaths. To improve the quality of care during and imme-diately after delivery in health facilities, particularly in public hospitals and in rural areas, accel-erated strengthening is required.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic, urban‐rural and sex‐based inequality in infant mortality rate: evidence from 2013 Yemen demographic and health survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Betregiorgis Zegeye ◽  
Gebretsadik Shibre ◽  
Jemal Haidar ◽  
Gorems Lemma
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Urban Rural

Abstract Background The occurrence of Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) varied globally with most of the cases coming from developing countries including Yemen. The disparity in IMR in Yemen however, has not been well dealt and therefore we examined the IMR inequality based on the most reliable methodology in order to generate evidence-based information for some program initiatives in Yemen. Methods Based on the World Health Organization (WHO) Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT) software, we analyzed the inequality across the different inequality dimensions in Yemen. The toolkit analyzes data stored in the WHO health equity monitor database. Simple and complex, and absolute and relative measures of inequality were calculated for the four dimensions of inequality (subpopulations) which included wealth, education, sex and residence. We computed a 95 % CI to assess statistical significance. Results The analysis included 31, 743 infants. Absolute and relative wealth-driven, education, urban-rural and sex-based inequalities were found in IMR. Higher concentration of IMR was observed among infants from the poorest/poor households (ACI=-4.68, 95 % CI; -6.57, -2.79, R = 1.61, 95 % CI; 1.18, 2.03), rural residents (D = 15.07, 95 % CI; 8.04, 22.09, PAF=-23.57, 95 % CI; -25.47, -21.68), mothers who had no formal education (ACI=-2.16, 95 % CI; -3.79, -0.54) and had male infants (PAF= -3.66, 95 % CI; -4.86, -2.45). Conclusions Higher concentration of IMR was observed among male infants from disadvantaged subpopulations such as poorest/poor, uneducated and rural residents. To eliminate the observed inequalities, interventions are needed to target the poorest/poor households, rural residents, mothers with no formal education and male infants.

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