scholarly journals Per-pass analysis of acute ischemic stroke clots: impact of stroke etiology on extracted clot area and histological composition

2020 ◽  
pp. neurintsurg-2020-016966
Author(s):  
Seán Fitzgerald ◽  
Rosanna Rossi ◽  
Oana Madalina Mereuta ◽  
Duaa Jabrah ◽  
Adaobi Okolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
Stroke Etiology ◽  
Clot Burden ◽  
Similar Formation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Radiological Studies

BackgroundInitial studies investigating correlations between stroke etiology and clot composition are conflicting and do not account for clot size as determined by area. Radiological studies have shown that cardioembolic strokes are associated with shorter clot lengths and lower clot burden than non-cardioembolic clots.ObjectiveTo report the relationship between stroke etiology, extracted clot area, and histological composition at each procedural pass.MethodsAs part of the multi-institutional RESTORE Registry, the Martius Scarlett Blue stained histological composition and extracted clot area of 612 per-pass clots retrieved from 441 patients during mechanical thrombectomy procedures were quantified. Correlations with clinical and procedural details were investigated.ResultsClot composition varied significantly with procedural passes; clots retrieved in earlier passes had higher red blood cell content (H4=11.644, p=0.020) and larger extracted clot area (H4=10.730, p=0.030). Later passes were associated with significantly higher fibrin (H4=12.935, p=0.012) and platelets/other (H4=15.977, p=0.003) content and smaller extracted clot area. Large artery atherosclerotic (LAA) clots were significantly larger in the extracted clot area and more red blood cell-rich than other etiologies in passes 1–3. Cardioembolic and cryptogenic clots had similar histological composition and extracted clot area across all procedural passes.ConclusionLAA clots are larger and associated with a large red blood cell-rich extracted clot area, suggesting soft thrombus material. Cardioembolic clots are smaller in the extracted clot area, consistent in composition and area across passes, and have higher fibrin and platelets/other content than LAA clots, making them stiffer clots. The per-pass histological composition and extracted clot area of cryptogenic clots are similar to those of cardioembolic clots, suggesting similar formation mechanisms.

scholarly journals Effect of red blood cell transfusion on short-term outcomes in very low birth weight infants

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Eui Young Lee ◽  
Sung Shin Kim ◽  
Ga Young Park ◽  
Sun Hyang Lee
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Vlbw Infants ◽  
Early Onset Sepsis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rbc Transfusion

Background: Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion improves cardiorespiratory status of preterm infants by increasing circulating hemoglobin, improving tissue oxygenation, and reducing cardiac output. However, RBC transfusion itself has also been suggested to negatively affect short-term outcomes such as intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in premature infants.Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between RBC transfusion and short-term outcomes in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants (birth weight, <1,500 g).Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of VLBW infants admitted to the Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital between October 2010 and December 2017. Infants who died during hospitalization were excluded. The infants were divided into 2 groups according to RBC transfusion status. We investigated the relationship between RBC transfusion and short-term outcomes including BPD, ROP, NEC, and IVH.Results: Of the 250 enrolled VLBW infants, 109 (43.6%) underwent transfusion. Univariate analysis revealed that all shortterm outcomes except early-onset sepsis and patent ductus arteriosus were associated with RBC transfusion. In multivariate analysis adjusted for gestational age, birth weight and Apgar score at 1 minute, RBC transfusion was significantly correlated with BPD (odds ratio [OR], 5.42; <i>P</i><0.001) and NEC (OR, 3.40; <i>P</i>= 0.009).Conclusion: RBC transfusion is significantly associated with adverse clinical outcomes such as NEC and BPD in VLBW infants. Careful consideration of the patient’s clinical condition and appropriate guidelines is required before administration of RBC transfusions.

The Relationship Between Red Blood Cell Na/K-ATPase Activities and Diabetic Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Endocrine ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayram Koc ◽  
Vedat Erten ◽  
M. Ilker Yilmaz ◽  
Alper Sonmez ◽  
I. Hakki Kocar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
The Relationship

Hemobartonella-like Parasites in Cynomolgus Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Dillberger ◽  
D. E. Loudy ◽  
R. R. Adler ◽  
J. H. Gass
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Macaca Fascicularis ◽  
Latent Infections ◽  
Cynomolgus Monkeys ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Research Studies

Red blood cell parasites were identified electron microscopically in five anemic adult female cynomolgus monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis), two of which died during anemic episodes. Organisms typically were 0.3–0.5-μm round, oval, or reniform bodies on the surface or within vacuoles of erythrocytes. Based on their size, location in the erythrocyte, and internal ultrastructural features, organisms were classified as Hemobartonella-like. The relationship between the organisms and the anemias in these monkeys was unclear. This report adds rickettsial erythrocyte infections to the list of latent infections that can complicate research studies with cynomolgus monkeys.

THE NUMBER OF RED BLOOD CELLS IN THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS AS AN INDEX OF THE B CELL ACTIVITY

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIV (IV) ◽  
pp. 611-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claes Hellerström ◽  
Sighild Westman ◽  
Ulla Zachrisson ◽  
Bo Hellman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Islets Of Langerhans ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cell Content

ABSTRACT The number of red blood cells in the islets of Langerhans has been considered as a useful index of the insulin synthesis, i. e. of the functional state of the B cells of the islets. It was found, however, that in starved rats which had only received water orally, the red blood cell content within the islets increased both absolutely as well as relatively to that in the exocrine parenchyma at the same time as the decrease in the B cell function as estimated by caryometry. There was a marked correlation, both in the control group and in the starved rats, between the red blood cell concentration in the exocrine and endocrine parts of the pancreas. The extent to which a rise in the functional activity of the A cells might have contributed to the increased content of red blood cells in the islets during starvation is discussed.

Magnetic resonance imaging quantitative T2* mapping to predict the red blood cell content of in vivo thrombi retrieved from patients with large vessel occlusions in acute ischemic stroke

2021 ◽  
pp. 159101992110424
Author(s):  
Alize Gilbert ◽  
Lili Detraz ◽  
Pierre-Louis Alexandre ◽  
Jean-Michel Serfaty ◽  
Hubert Desal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Relaxation Time ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
T2 Mapping ◽  
T2 Relaxation Time ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
T2 Relaxation ◽  
Cell Content

Background and purpose Magnetic resonance imaging quantitative T2* mapping has shown reliable identification of thrombus red blood cell content in vitro. The thrombus composition has been in vivo, associated with outcomes after endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke. We aim to analyze the red blood cell content of thrombi retrieved from patients with large vessel occlusions in relation to the thrombus-T2* relaxation time in magnetic resonance imaging. Material and methods Consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients treated by endovascular therapy were scanned with an magnetic resonance imaging quantitative T2* mapping sequence. Quantitative histologic evaluations of red blood cell content were performed. A linear regression assessed the association between vascular risk factors, comorbidities, antithrombotic drugs intake, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), intravenous thrombolysis before endovascular therapy, time between onset and groin puncture, patient's outcome at 3 months, magnetic resonance imaging quantitative T2* mapping results, and the red blood cell content of thrombi. The correlation between the mean thrombus-T2* relaxation time and red blood cell content was assessed by calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results Among 31 thrombi, 16 were “Fibrin rich” and 15 “red blood cell dominant.” The median red blood cell content was 39 (range, 0–90; interquartile range, 37). The median (interquartile range) thrombus-T2* relaxation time was shorter in “red blood cell dominant” thrombi (21, interquartile range 6) than in “Fibrin rich” thrombi (24, interquartile range 7), without significant difference ( p = 0.15), as shown in the Box plot. An inverse correlation between thrombus-T2* relaxation time and red blood cell content was found, with a correlation coefficient of −0.41 (95% CI, −0.67 to −0.08, p = 0.02). Conclusion Our study shows that a shorter thrombus-T2* relaxation time is related to a higher red blood cell content within in vivo thrombi.

scholarly journals Accounting for residence-time in blood rheology models: do we really need non-Newtonian blood flow modelling in large arteries?

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (146) ◽  
pp. 20180486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirhossein Arzani
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Rheology ◽  
Shear Thinning ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
Newtonian Model ◽  
Rouleaux Formation

Patient-specific computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a promising tool that provides highly resolved haemodynamics information. The choice of blood rheology is an assumption in CFD models that has been subject to extensive debate. Blood is known to exhibit shear-thinning behaviour, and non-Newtonian modelling has been recommended for aneurysmal flows. Current non-Newtonian models ignore rouleaux formation, which is the key player in blood's shear-thinning behaviour. Experimental data suggest that red blood cell aggregation and rouleaux formation require notable red blood cell residence-time (RT) in a low shear rate regime. This study proposes a novel hybrid Newtonian and non-Newtonian rheology model where the shear-thinning behaviour is activated in high RT regions based on experimental data. Image-based abdominal aortic and cerebral aneurysm models are considered and highly resolved CFD simulations are performed using a minimally dissipative solver. Lagrangian particle tracking is used to define a backward particle RT measure and detect stagnant regions with increased rouleaux formation likelihood. Our novel RT-based non-Newtonian model shows a significant reduction in shear-thinning effects and provides haemodynamic results qualitatively identical and quantitatively close to the Newtonian model. Our results have important implications in patient-specific CFD modelling and suggest that non-Newtonian models should be revisited in large artery flows.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document