Cross sectional and longitudinal study on selenium, glutathione peroxidase, smoking, and occupational exposure in coal miners

Objective: Most, but not all studies suggested that women with type 2 diabetes have higher relative risk (RR) for cardiovascular disease (CVD) than men. More uncertainty exists on whether the RR for CVD is higher in prediabetic women compared to men. Research Design and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, in 3540 normal glucose tolerant (NGT), prediabetic, and diabetic adults, we compared the RR for prevalent non-fatal CVD between men and women. In a longitudinal study including 1658 NGT, prediabetic, and diabetic adults, we compared the RR for incident major adverse outcomes, including all-cause death, coronary heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease events after 5.6 years follow-up. Results: Women with prediabetes and diabetes exhibited greater relative differences in BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, total, LDL and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose, hsCRP, and white blood cell count than men with prediabetes and diabetes when compared with their NGT counterparts. We found a higher RR for prevalent CVD in diabetic women (RR 9.29; 95% CI 4.73-18.25; P<0.0001) than in men (RR 4.56; 95% CI 3.07-6.77; P<0.0001), but no difference in RR for CVD was observed comparing prediabetic women and men. In the longitudinal study, we found that diabetic, but not prediabetic women have higher RR (RR 5.25; 95% CI 3.22-8.56; P<0.0001) of incident major adverse outcomes than their male counterparts (RR 2.72; 95% CI 1.81-4.08; P<0.0001). Conclusions: This study suggests that diabetic, but not prediabetic, women have higher RR for prevalent and incident major adverse outcomes than men.

Download Full-text

Faculty Opinions recommendation of Lung function in patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia: a cross-sectional and 3-decade longitudinal study.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.725182309.793504017 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Nicholas Katsanis

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Lung Function ◽

Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Ciliary Dyskinesia

Download Full-text

Repeated Occupational Exposure to Low-level Blast in the Canadian Armed Forces: Effects on Hearing, Balance, and Ataxia

Military Medicine ◽

10.1093/milmed/usaa439 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ann Nakashima ◽

Oshin Vartanian ◽

Shawn G Rhind ◽

Kristen King ◽

Catherine Tenn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Occupational Exposure ◽

Armed Forces ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Low Level ◽

Additional Information ◽

Adverse Health Effects ◽

Blast Overpressure ◽

Blast Exposure

ABSTRACT Introduction Recently, there has been increasing concern about the adverse health effects of long-term occupational exposure to low-level blast in military personnel. Occupational blast exposure occurs routinely in garrison through use of armaments and controlled blast detonations. In the current study, we focused on a population of breaching instructors and range staff. Breaching is a tactical technique that is used to gain entry into closed spaces, often through the use of explosives. Materials and Methods Initial measurements of blast overpressure collected during breaching courses found that up to 10% of the blasts for range staff and up to 32% of the blasts for instructors exceeded the recommended 3 psi exposure limit. Using a cross-sectional design, we used tests of balance, ataxia, and hearing to compare a sample of breachers (n = 19) to age-and sex-matched military controls (n = 19). Results There were no significant differences between the two groups on the balance and ataxia tests, although the average scores of both groups were lower than would be expected in a normative population. The prevalence of hearing loss was low in the breacher group (4 of 19), and hearing thresholds were not significantly different from the controls. However, the prevalence of self-reported tinnitus was significantly higher in the breacher group (12 of 19) compared with the controls (4 of 19), and all breachers who were identified as having hearing loss also reported tinnitus. Conclusions Our results suggest that basic tests of balance, ataxia, and hearing on their own were not sensitive to the effects of long-term occupational exposure to low-level blast. Some of the blast exposure levels exceeded limits, and there was a significant association of exposure with tinnitus. Future studies should supplement with additional information including exposure history and functional hearing assessments. These findings should be considered in the design of future acute and longitudinal studies of low-level blast exposure.

Download Full-text

Author Correction: Considering serum alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels together strengthen the prediction of impaired fasting glucose risk: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-90021-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ji Hye Jeong ◽

Susie Jung ◽

Kyu-Nam Kim

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Impaired Fasting Glucose ◽

Alanine Aminotransferase ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Serum Alanine Aminotransferase ◽

Gamma Glutamyltransferase

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Download Full-text

Considering serum alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels together strengthen the prediction of impaired fasting glucose risk: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-82981-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ji Hye Jeong ◽

Susie Jung ◽

Kyu-Nam Kim

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Impaired Fasting Glucose ◽

Alanine Aminotransferase ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Reference Group ◽

Combined Effect ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Serum Alanine Aminotransferase ◽

Gamma Glutamyltransferase ◽

Fourth Quartile

AbstractEmerging data suggest that an increase in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) as biomarkers of oxidative stress are associated with increased risk of impaired fasting glucose (IFG). The present study was an investigation of whether an increase in serum ALT and GGT had a combined effect on increasing IFG risk through cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. In the cross-sectional study, data were analyzed from 9937 subjects without diabetes who underwent health check-ups between 1999 and 2001 (baseline data). In the longitudinal study, 6390 subjects were analyzed who had been rechecked between 2009 and 2014, excluding IFG patients from baseline data. In cross-sectional analysis, adjusted odds ratio (OR) of IFG in the fourth quartile of both ALT and GGT was 1.829 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.545–2.164) compared with the reference group (1st and 2nd quartiles of ALT and GGT). In longitudinal analysis, IFG probability increased gradually with an increase in the circulating levels of ALT and GGT. Adjusted hazard ratios for developing IFG in the fourth quartile of both ALT and GGT was 1.625 (95% CI 1.263–2.091) compared with the reference group (1st and 2nd quartiles). Increased serum ALT and GGT levels are well associated with IFG after potential confounders are adjusted for, and elevated ALT and GGT at the same time can have a combined effect in predicting the development of IFG.

Download Full-text