Relative risk of cardiovascular disease is higher in women with type 2 diabetes, but not in those with prediabetes, as compared with men

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Succurro ◽  
Teresa Vanessa Fiorentino ◽  
Sofia Miceli ◽  
Maria Perticone ◽  
Angela Sciacqua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Glucose

<b>Objective</b>: Most, but not all studies suggested that women with type 2 diabetes have higher relative risk (RR) for cardiovascular disease (CVD) than men. More uncertainty exists on whether the RR for CVD is higher in prediabetic women compared to men. <p><b>Research Design and Methods</b>: In a cross-sectional study, in 3540 normal glucose tolerant (NGT), prediabetic, and diabetic adults, we compared the RR for prevalent non-fatal CVD between men and women. In a longitudinal study including 1658 NGT, prediabetic, and diabetic adults, we compared the RR for incident major adverse outcomes, including all-cause death, coronary heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease events after 5.6 years follow-up. </p> <p><b>Results:</b> Women with prediabetes and diabetes exhibited greater relative differences in BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, total, LDL and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose, hsCRP, and white blood cell count than men with prediabetes and diabetes when compared with their NGT counterparts. We found a higher RR for prevalent CVD in diabetic women (RR 9.29; 95% CI 4.73-18.25; <i>P</i><0.0001) than in men (RR 4.56; 95% CI 3.07-6.77; <i>P</i><0.0001), but no difference in RR for CVD was observed comparing prediabetic women and men. In the longitudinal study, we found that diabetic, but not prediabetic women have higher RR (RR 5.25; 95% CI 3.22-8.56; <i>P</i><0.0001) of incident major adverse outcomes than their male counterparts (RR 2.72; 95% CI 1.81-4.08; <i>P</i><0.0001).</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> This study suggests that diabetic, but not prediabetic, women have higher RR for prevalent and incident major adverse outcomes than men. </p>

scholarly journals Relative risk of cardiovascular disease is higher in women with type 2 diabetes, but not in those with prediabetes, as compared with men

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Succurro ◽  
Teresa Vanessa Fiorentino ◽  
Sofia Miceli ◽  
Maria Perticone ◽  
Angela Sciacqua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Glucose

<b>Objective</b>: Most, but not all studies suggested that women with type 2 diabetes have higher relative risk (RR) for cardiovascular disease (CVD) than men. More uncertainty exists on whether the RR for CVD is higher in prediabetic women compared to men. <p><b>Research Design and Methods</b>: In a cross-sectional study, in 3540 normal glucose tolerant (NGT), prediabetic, and diabetic adults, we compared the RR for prevalent non-fatal CVD between men and women. In a longitudinal study including 1658 NGT, prediabetic, and diabetic adults, we compared the RR for incident major adverse outcomes, including all-cause death, coronary heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease events after 5.6 years follow-up. </p> <p><b>Results:</b> Women with prediabetes and diabetes exhibited greater relative differences in BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, total, LDL and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose, hsCRP, and white blood cell count than men with prediabetes and diabetes when compared with their NGT counterparts. We found a higher RR for prevalent CVD in diabetic women (RR 9.29; 95% CI 4.73-18.25; <i>P</i><0.0001) than in men (RR 4.56; 95% CI 3.07-6.77; <i>P</i><0.0001), but no difference in RR for CVD was observed comparing prediabetic women and men. In the longitudinal study, we found that diabetic, but not prediabetic women have higher RR (RR 5.25; 95% CI 3.22-8.56; <i>P</i><0.0001) of incident major adverse outcomes than their male counterparts (RR 2.72; 95% CI 1.81-4.08; <i>P</i><0.0001).</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> This study suggests that diabetic, but not prediabetic, women have higher RR for prevalent and incident major adverse outcomes than men. </p>

scholarly journals Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism and the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudong Liu ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Ruiqiang Weng ◽  
Xiaodong Gu ◽  
Zhixiong Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Gene ◽  
Apolipoprotein E Gene ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Ε4 Allele

Abstract Background The role of apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) in lipid metabolism has been well established, and APOE is associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the relationship between APOE polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) with or without CVD remains unclear. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a total of 924 participants including 211 controls (CVD-T2DM-), 247 T2DM patients with CVD (CVD-T2DM+), 232 CVD patients without T2DM (CVD + T2DM-) and 234 T2DM patients with CVD (CVD + T2DM+), were genotyped using chip platform. The association between APOE polymorphisms and T2DM patients with or without CVD was analyzed by univariable and multivariable logistic analysis. Results The present study showed that the frequency of E3/E4 increased in T2DM patients with CVD (p < 0.01). The ε4 allele was higher in CVD patients without T2DM (p < 0.01) and T2DM patients with CVD (p < 0.01) as compared with the controls. Conclusions The subjects carrying ε4 allele have increased risk of CVD and T2DM, and exhibit higher level of lipid profiles.

scholarly journals Prevalence and coprevalence of chronic comorbid conditions in patients with type 2 diabetes in Catalonia: a population-based cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e031281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manel Mata-Cases ◽  
Josep Franch-Nadal ◽  
Jordi Real ◽  
Marta Cedenilla ◽  
Didac Mauricio
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectivesTo evaluate the prevalence and coprevalence of several chronic conditions in patients with type 2 diabetes in a Mediterranean region.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingTwo hundred and eighty-six primary care teams of the Catalonian Health Institute (Catalonia, Spain).ParticipantsWe included patients aged ≥18 years with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes by 31 December, 2016, who were registered in the Information System for the Development of Research in primary care (SIDIAP) database. We excluded patients with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, gestational diabetes mellitus and any other type of diabetes.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe collected data on diabetes-related comorbidities (ie, chronic complications, associated cardiovascular risk factors and treatment complications). Diagnoses were based on the International Classification of Diseases, 10thRevision codes recorded in the database or, for some entities, on the cut-off points for a particular test result or a specific treatment indicated for that entity. The presence and stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD) were based on the glomerular filtration rate, the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration creatinine equation and the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio.ResultsA total of 373 185 patients were analysed. 82% of patients exhibited ≥2 comorbidities and 31% exhibited ≥4 comorbidities. The most frequent comorbidities were hypertension (72%), hyperlipidaemia (60%), obesity (45%), CKD (33%), chronic renal failure (CRF)(28%) and cardiovascular disease (23%). The most frequently coprevalent pairs of chronic conditions were the combination of hypertension with hyperlipidaemia (45%), obesity (35%), CKD (28%), CRF (25%) or cardiovascular disease (19%), as well as the combination of hyperlipidaemia with obesity (28%), CKD (21%), CRF (18%) or cardiovascular disease (15%); other common pairs of comorbidities were obesity/CKD, obesity/CRF, hypertension/retinopathy, hypertension/albuminuria, hypertension/urinary tract infection, CVD/CRF and CVD/CKD, which were each present in more than 10% of patients.ConclusionPatients with type 2 diabetes have a high frequency of coprevalence of metabolic risk factors, cardiovascular disease and CKD and thus require an integrated management approach.

scholarly journals CAPTURE: a multinational, cross-sectional study of cardiovascular disease prevalence in adults with type 2 diabetes across 13 countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofri Mosenzon ◽  
Abdullah Alguwaihes ◽  
Jose Luis Arenas Leon ◽  
Fahri Bayram ◽  
Patrice Darmon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Specialist Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Cardiovascular Benefit

Abstract Background There is a paucity of global data on cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The primary objective of the CAPTURE study was to estimate the prevalence of established CVD and its management in adults with T2D across 13 countries from five continents. Additional objectives were to further characterize the study sample regarding demographics, clinical parameters and medication usage, with particular reference to blood glucose-lowering agents (GLAs: glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors) with demonstrated cardiovascular benefit in randomized intervention trials. Methods Data were collected from adults with T2D managed in primary or specialist care in Australia, China, Japan, Czech Republic, France, Hungary, Italy, Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Israel, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and Turkey in 2019, using standardized methodology. CVD prevalence, weighted by diabetes prevalence in each country, was estimated for the overall CAPTURE sample and participating countries. Country-specific odds ratios for CVD prevalence were further adjusted for relevant demographic and clinical parameters. Results The overall CAPTURE sample included 9823 adults with T2D (n = 4502 from primary care; n = 5321 from specialist care). The overall CAPTURE sample had median (interquartile range) diabetes duration 10.7 years (5.6–17.9 years) and glycated hemoglobin 7.3% (6.6–8.4%) [56 mmol/mol (49–68 mmol/mol)]. Overall weighted CVD and atherosclerotic CVD prevalence estimates were 34.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 32.7–36.8) and 31.8% (95% CI 29.7–33.8%), respectively. Age, gender, and clinical parameters accounted for some of the between-country variation in CVD prevalence. GLAs with demonstrated cardiovascular benefit were used by 21.9% of participants, which was similar in participants with and without CVD: 21.5% and 22.2%, respectively. Conclusions In 2019, approximately one in three adults with T2D in CAPTURE had diagnosed CVD. The low use of GLAs with demonstrated cardiovascular benefit even in participants with established CVD suggested that most were not managed according to contemporary diabetes and cardiology guidelines. Study registration NCT03786406 (registered on December 20, 2018), NCT03811288 (registered on January 18, 2019).

scholarly journals Differences in the Cardiometabolic Control in Type 2 Diabetes according to Gender and the Presence of Cardiovascular Disease: Results from the eControl Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josep Franch-Nadal ◽  
Manel Mata-Cases ◽  
Irene Vinagre ◽  
Flor Patitucci ◽  
Eduard Hermosilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Statin Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

The objective of this cross-sectional study was to assess differences in the control and treatment of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF: HbA1c, blood pressure [BP], LDL-cholesterol, body mass index, and smoking habit) according to gender and the presence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Catalonia, Spain. The study included available data from electronic medical records for a total of 286,791 patients. After controlling for sex, age, diabetes duration, and treatment received, both men and women with prior CVD had worse cardiometabolic control than patients without previous CVD; women with prior CVD had worse overall control of CVRFs than men except for smoking; and women without prior CVD were only better than men at controlling smoking and BP, with no significant differences in glycemic control. Finally, although the proportion of women treated with lipid-lowering medications was similar to (with prior CVD) or even higher (without CVD) than men, LDL-cholesterol levels were remarkably uncontrolled in both women with and women without CVD. The results stress the need to implement measures to better prevent and treat CVRF in the subgroup of diabetic women, specifically with more intensive statin treatment in those with CVD.

scholarly journals Occupation and risk factors for type 2 diabetes: a study with health workers

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 476-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitória de Cássia Félix de Almeida ◽  
Maria Lúcia Zanetti ◽  
Paulo César de Almeida ◽  
Marta Maria Coelho Damasceno
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Context

We aimed to analyze the interrelationships between occupation and prevalence of risk factors for type 2 diabetes in workers at a hospital in Fortaleza-CE. Cross-sectional study with 299 subjects and form-based, covering socio-demographic concerns and risk factors for Type 2 Diabetes. Results showed that 40.5% of the sample were nursing workers, 63.9% were women, 68.6% were under 35 years of age, 49.5% had an education level equivalent to high school and 51.9% had no marriage or stable union. Comparison among the prevalence of risk factors in different occupations was significant (p<0.05) for the following factors: abdominal obesity, waist-hip ratio increased, sedentary lifestyle and HDL-cholesterol <35 mg/dl, and the nursing workers showed higher prevalence levels for these three factors. Hence, within the study context, nursing workers are at an increased risk for developing diabetes in comparison with other health professionals.

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