Disseminated cerebral hydatid disease (multiple intracranial echinococcosis)

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Svrckova ◽  
Laura Nabarro ◽  
Peter L Chiodini ◽  
Hans Rolf Jäger
Keyword(s):  
Hydatid Disease ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Intracranial Lesions ◽  
The Brain

Intracranial echinococcosis is relatively uncommon and usually occurs in the context of echinococcal lesions elsewhere in the body, mostly liver and lung. Multiple intracranial lesions can result from rupture of an initial single intracranial cyst (in cystic echinococcosis) or from dissemination of systemic disease of the lung, liver or heart (cystic and alveolar echinococcosis). The two main subtypes, cystic and alveolar echinococcosis, present differently and have distinct imaging features in the brain. We discuss the presentation, imaging findings and clinical course of three cases (two cystic and one alveolar) of intracranial echinococcal disease in adults.

scholarly journals Disseminated Alveolar Hydatid Disease Resembling a Metastatic Malignancy: A Diagnostic Challenge—A Report of Two Cases

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mesut Bulakci ◽  
Erdem Yilmaz ◽  
Ferhat Cengel ◽  
Ahmet Gocmez ◽  
Merve Gulbiz Kartal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydatid Disease ◽  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Definite Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Alveolar Hydatid Disease ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Hematogenous Route

Alveolar hydatid disease or alveolar echinococcosis is a disease of the parasiteEchinococcus multilocularisthat is potentially fatal if left untreated. It primarily involves the liver but can be disseminated to other organs like the lungs and the brain by hematogenous route. Multiorgan involvement and the aggressive appearance of lesions make alveolar hydatid disease easy to confuse with a metastatic malignancy. For this reason, histopathological confirmation is essential for definite diagnosis. We present the imaging features of this disease in two patients in order to emphasize that these lesions can be easily misdiagnosed as malignancies.

scholarly journals Molecular and immunological diagnosis of echinococcosis.

1992 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Gottstein
Keyword(s):  
Hydatid Disease ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Liver Malignancies ◽  
Hepatic Lesions ◽  
Species Specific

Echinococcosis is an infectious disease of humans caused by the larval (metacestode) stage of the cestode species Echinococcus granulosus (cystic echinococcosis or hydatid disease) or Echinococcus multilocularis (alveolar echinococcosis or alveolar hydatid disease). Clinical manifestations depend primarily on localization and size of hepatic lesions and may include hepatomegaly, obstructive jaundice, or cholangitis. Prognostically, alveolar echinococcosis is considered similar to liver malignancies, including a lethality rate of 90% for untreated cases. Diagnosis is based on imaging techniques coupled with immunodiagnostic procedures. Antibody detection tests for E. multilocularis have markedly improved with the use of affinity-purified Em2 antigen and recombinant antigen II/3-10 in enzyme immunoassays. Antigens of corresponding quality for E. granulosus are still unavailable. The detection of circulating antigens and immune complexes in the sera of patients with cystic echinococcosis, the demonstration of in vitro lymphocyte proliferation in response to stimulation with Echinococcus antigens, and the discrimination of serum immunoglobulin isotype activity to various Echinococcus antigens in both cystic and alveolar echinococcosis have been suggested for diagnostic purposes as well as for monitoring patients after treatment. New diagnostic molecular tools include DNA probes for Southern hybridization tests and polymerase chain reaction for the amplification of E. multilocularis and E. granulosus species-specific DNA fragments.

Multiple giant hydatid cysts of the brain

1982 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Sharma ◽  
Jacob Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Hydatid Disease ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multiple Primary ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A rare case of multiple primary hydatid cysts of the brain is reported in a 9-year-old girl. There were five cysts, occupying most of the right supratentorial region. The biggest cyst measured 9 cm across, while the smallest one was 4.5 cm in diameter. The diagnosis was based on computerized tomography findings. The patient did not have any evidence of hydatid disease elsewhere in the body. The delivery of all the cysts resulted in the dramatic neurological recovery of this patient.

Needle Biopsy under Computerized Tomographic Control

Neurosurgery ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 671-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector E. James ◽  
Michael Wells ◽  
John F. Alksne ◽  
Ingmar Wickbom ◽  
Paul Siemers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Needle Biopsy ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Twist Drill ◽  
Lesion Area ◽  
Intracranial Hematoma ◽  
Patients Âgés ◽  
Intracranial Lesions ◽  
Appropriate Therapy ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Thirteen patients with intracranial lesions were submitted to a twist drill needle biopsy under computerized tomographic (CT) control, with sedation and local anesthesia. (The patients' ages ranged from 12 to 81 years.) The final diagnoses were glioblastoma in 7 patients and 1 case each of anaplastic astrocytoma, low grade astrocytoma, thrombosed arteriovenous malformation, cerebral infarct, 3rd ventricular epidermoid, and degenerative disease of the brain. Definitive diagnosis was obtained in all but 2 patients with this technique. Appropriate therapy was subsequently instituted in 11 patients without further operation. Transiently increased weakness of the previously affected limbs was the only untoward effect (4 patients). Intracranial hematoma after this procedure was seen in 1 patient in this series, as detected by the postprocedure CT scan, but there was no change in the clinical course. All patients were treated with dexamethasone for 24 to 48 hours before and for several days after the procedure to avoid decompensation of intracranial dynamics because of edema. The procedure, including appropriate level CT scans of the lesion area, was performed in approximately 1 hour in all patients.

scholarly journals Imaging features of primary sites and metastatic patterns of angiosarcoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Basrull N. Bhaludin ◽  
Khin Thway ◽  
Margaret Adejolu ◽  
Alexandra Renn ◽  
Christian Kelly-Morland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metastatic Disease ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Metastatic Patterns

AbstractAngiosarcomas are rare, aggressive soft tissue sarcomas originating from endothelial cells of lymphatic or vascular origin and associated with a poor prognosis. The clinical and imaging features of angiosarcomas are heterogeneous with a wide spectrum of findings involving any site of the body, but these most commonly present as cutaneous disease in the head and neck of elderly men. MRI and CT are complementary imaging techniques in assessing the extent of disease, focality and involvement of adjacent anatomical structures at the primary site of disease. CT plays an important role in the evaluation of metastatic disease. Given the wide range of imaging findings, correlation with clinical findings, specific risk factors and patterns of metastatic disease can help narrow the differential diagnosis. The final diagnosis should be confirmed with histopathology and immunohistochemistry in combination with clinical and imaging findings in a multidisciplinary setting with specialist sarcoma expertise. The purpose of this review is to describe the clinical and imaging features of primary sites and metastatic patterns of angiosarcomas utilising CT and MRI.

scholarly journals Autologous Fat Grafting to the Breast: An Educational Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole S Winkler ◽  
Alexander Tran ◽  
Alvin C Kwok ◽  
Phoebe E Freer ◽  
Laurie L Fajardo
Keyword(s):  
Fat Grafting ◽  
The Body ◽  
Breast Cancer Surgery ◽  
Safe Procedure ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Fat Necrosis ◽  
Autologous Fat Grafting ◽  
Autologous Fat ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Autologous fat grafting (AFG) is a technique that is increasingly utilized in breast cosmetic and reconstructive surgery. In this procedure, fat is aspirated by liposuction from one area of the body and injected into the breast. The procedure and process of AFG has evolved over the last few decades, leading to more widespread use, though there is no standard method. Autologous fat grafting is generally considered a safe procedure but may result in higher utilization of diagnostic imaging due to development of palpable lumps related to fat necrosis. Imaging findings depend on surgical technique but typically include bilateral, symmetric, retromammary oil cysts and scattered dystrophic and/or coarse calcifications when AFG is used for primary breast augmentation. More focal findings occur when AFG is used to improve specific areas of cosmetic deformity, scarring, or pain following breast cancer surgery. As with any cause of fat necrosis, imaging features tend to appear more benign over time, with development of rim calcifications associated with oil cysts and a shift in echogenicity of oil cyst contents on ultrasound towards anechoic in some cases. This article reviews the AFG procedure, uses, complications, and imaging findings.

scholarly journals Post-surgical follow-up (by ELISA and immunoblotting) of cured versus non-cured cystic echinococcosis in young patients

Parasitology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. BEN NOUIR ◽  
S. NUÑEZ ◽  
E. FREI ◽  
M. GORCII ◽  
N. MÜLLER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Course Of Disease ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
The Difference

SUMMARYThe study was designed to determine comparatively the prognostic value of immunoblotting and ELISA in the serological follow-up of young cystic echinococcosis (CE) patients exhibiting either a cured or a progredient (non-cured) course of disease after treatment. A total of 54 patients (mean age 9 years, range from 3 to 15 years) with surgically, radiologically and/or histologically proven CE were studied for a period up to 60 months after surgery. Additionally, some of the patients underwent chemotherapy. Based on the clinical course and outcome, as well as on imaging findings, patients were clustered into 2 groups of either cured (CCE), or non-cured (NCCE) CE patients. ELISA showed a high rate of seropositivity 4 to 5 years post-surgery for both CCE (57·1%) and NCCE (100%) patients, the difference found between the two groups was statistically not significant. Immunoblotting based upon recognition of AgB subcomponents (8 and 16 kDa bands) showed a decrease of respective antibody reactivities after 4 years post-surgery. Only sera from 14·3% of CCE patients recognized the subcomponents of AgB after 4 years, while none (0%) of these sera was still reactive at 5 years post-surgery. At variance, immunoblotting remained positive for AgB subcomponents in 100% of the NCCE cases as tested between 4 and 5 years after surgical treatment. Immunoblotting therefore proved to be a useful approach for monitoring post-surgical follow-ups of human CCE and NCCE in young patients when based upon the recognition of AgB subcomponents.

scholarly journals Uncommon Locations of Cystic Echinococcosis: A Report of 46 Cases from Southern Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Reza Shahriarirad ◽  
Amirhossein Erfani ◽  
Mehrdad Eskandarisani ◽  
Mohammad Rastegarian ◽  
Bahador Sarkari
Keyword(s):  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Hydatid Disease ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pelvic Cavity ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Unusual Location ◽  
Southern Iran ◽  
Demographical Data

Background. Most cases of hydatid cysts form in the liver and lung and other tissues are considered as unusual locations in hydatid cysts. The current study aimed to find out the rate and features of hydatid cysts in uncommon locations in Fars Province, Southern Iran, over a 15-year period. Methods. The hospital records of patients who underwent surgery for hydatid cysts in university-affiliated hospitals in Fars Province, Southern Iran, from 2004 to 2018, were retrospectively reviewed. For each patient, clinical and demographical data were recorded. Results. During a 15-year period, a total of 501 patients were surgically treated for hydatid cysts, and out of these, 46 (9.2%) were presented with the unusual locations of hydatid disease. Males constituted 28 (60.9%) of these patients while 18 (39.1%) of the patients were females. The patients’ age ranged from 5 to 80 years (mean = 40.49; SD = 20.37). The size of the cysts ranged from 2 to 20 cm (mean = 8.69, SD = 4.59). The most common unusual location for the hydatid cyst was the spleen with 30.4% of cases, followed by the pelvic cavity (15.2%). Out of 46 cases with unusual location of the hydatid cyst, 10 (21.7%) cases had lung, 22 (47.8%) cases had liver, and 5 (10.9%) cases had both liver and lung hydatid cysts, simultaneously with cysts in unusual locations. Conclusion. In cystic echinococcosis- (CE) endemic areas, hydatid disease can affect any organ, from head to toe, in humans. The disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any cystic entities anywhere in the body.

Primary Subcutaneous Hydatid Cyst of the Thigh

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Rodrigues ◽  
Raghunath Prabhu
Keyword(s):  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Hydatid Disease ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Cystic Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diagnostic Dilemma ◽  
Complete Surgical Excision

Background: Hydatid disease, or echinococcosis, affects several organs in the body and can pose a major diagnostic dilemma. Musculoskeletal involvement occurs only in 1% to 6% of patients. Clinically, the condition mimics a soft tissue tumor, and a preoperative diagnosis (blood and radiology) is necessary to avoid biopsy, management, and recurrence. In endemic areas, a differential diagnosis of hydatid disease should be considered for every soft cystic mass in any anatomic location. Methods: The investigators report a rare case of primary subcutaneous hydatid cyst of the thigh, which was an incidental clinical and radiologic finding that led to a diagnostic dilemma in a 62-year-old woman with diabetes admitted for management of a nonhealing foot ulcer. Results: The patient underwent successful complete surgical excision with pre- and postoperative antihelminthic pharmacotherapy, and at the end of 2-year follow-up, there has been no local recurrence or systemic disease.

scholarly journals Surgical treatment of Abdominal Echinococcosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 3831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuroop Thota ◽  
A. Dinakar Reddy ◽  
Venkata Narasimha Rao V.
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Hydatid Disease ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Multimodality Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Right Lobe ◽  
Biliary Communication ◽  
Per Oral

Background: Cystic Echinococcosis is a zoonosis with worldwide geographical distribution caused by dog tapeworm. Cystic echinococcosis most frequently involves only one organ by forming a solitary cyst. Hydatid disease commonly involves the liver (75%) and lungs (15%), followed by other regions of the body (10-15%). Multi-organ abdominal HD is the most serious form and is potentially fatal.Methods: It is a retrospective study for a duration of 3 years. The recorded data of all the patients undergoing treatment has been collected and analyzed.Results: A total of 30 patients were identified. Most common organ involved was liver followed by spleen, pancreas and kidney. Cysts are more commonly seen in right lobe. All the patients underwent surgical treatment. 17 patients underwent open surgery, while 13 patients were treated by laparoscopy. Cysto biliary communication was identified in 3 patients, all in laparoscopy and a primary closure was done. All the patients were started on albendazole 400 mg twice daily per oral at least 15 days prior to surgery and this treatment was continued for 3 months post-operatively.Conclusions: Hydatid disease is endemic in sheep farming and cattle farming areas of Asia. Most patients remain asymptomatic for years. Diagnosis is by imaging techniques. Echinococcal infection usually requires multimodality treatment and the best treatment is always individualized. Surgery along with anti-helminthic treatment holds the best curative measure at present.

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