Antibodies to Leishmania infantum in peritoneal effusion from a dog with atypical signs of leishmaniosis: treatment and follow-up

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e001144
Author(s):  
Sergio Villanueva-Saz ◽  
Cristina Peréz Sala ◽  
Andrés Yzuel Estévez ◽  
Antonio Fernández ◽  
María Teresa Verde
Keyword(s):  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Peritoneal Fluid ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Abdominal Distension ◽  
Canine Leishmaniosis ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
Abdominal Radiology ◽  
Peritoneal Effusion ◽  
French Bulldog

A three-year-old entire male French bulldog was brought in with the following clinical signs: apathy, vomiting and abdominal distension. Physical examination showed dehydration, tachypnoea and presence of jaundice. Abdominal radiology revealed the presence of an important loss of details in the abdominal structures compatible with peritoneal effusion, confirmed by abdominal ultrasonography. Findings detected by ultrasonography consisted of splenomegaly with alteration of the echotexture, hepatomegaly with presence of nodules and irregular areas in the liver capsule. An ultrasound-guided sample of the peritoneal fluid was taken for laboratory analysis. Abnormal clinicopathological results included pancytopenia, hyperglobulinaemia, hypoalbuminaemia, and elevation of the hepatic parameters and total bilirubin. High antibodies to Leishmania infantum were detected by ELISA in serum and peritoneal fluid samples. However, PCR for L infantum showed a negative result from the peritoneal fluid sample. This is the first reported case of canine leishmaniosis with the specific detection of L infantum antibodies in peritoneal effusion.

Resolution of sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis in a young dog

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e001022
Author(s):  
Ingrid Isaac ◽  
Ines Carrera ◽  
Juan Martí ◽  
Andrea DiBella
Keyword(s):  
Small Volume ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Free Fluid ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
Sclerosing Encapsulating Peritonitis ◽  
Abdominal Organs ◽  
Peritoneal Effusion ◽  
Encapsulating Peritonitis

An eight-month-old Labrador retriever presented with abdominal effusion. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed significant free fluid and a linear hyperechoic band surrounding the abdominal organs. CT showed the gastrointestinal organs to be located centrally, enclosed by a thin, hyperattenuating enhanced band with no peritoneal effusion in this region. Surgery was performed to obtain biopsies for diagnostic purposes. Histopathology revealed granulation tissue with reactive fibroblasts, lymphoplasmacytic inflammation and neovascularisation; these findings were consistent with the diagnosis of secondary sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis. The patient responded well to treatment with tamoxifen, prednisolone and spironolactone. Four months later, follow-up abdominal ultrasonography revealed a small volume of free fluid. However, there was a mild adverse reaction to tamoxifen, causing protrusion of the penis and attraction of other dogs. Two and a half years after diagnosis, the patient continued to have good quality-of-life with no clinical signs or relapse.

scholarly journals Splenic malignant mesenchymoma in a dog – immunophenotypic features and clinicopathological ramifications: a case report

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Dokic ◽  
W. Pirog ◽  
J. Benak ◽  
D. Lorinson
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Retrospective Studies ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Abdominal Distension ◽  
Alpha Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
Tumor Entity ◽  
The Common ◽  
Well Differentiated

A 13-year-old spayed bitch was referred for evaluation of an abdominal distension with a palpable, continuously growing mass. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a 30 × 20 cm mass directly connected to the spleen. Surgical exploration confirmed the sonographic diagnosis with adhesions to the omentum and the liver. Pathohistological samples revealed well differentiated adipose tissue and variably differentiated collagenous and myxomatous tissue. Immunohistochemically, vimentin and in some regions alpha smooth muscle actin were expressed indicating smooth muscle differentiation. The results support the diagnosis of a malignant mesenchymoma composed of liposarcoma, mixosarcoma and leiomyosarcoma. No local recurrence or metastasis occurred during a nine month follow-up. So far, only two pathological retrospective studies describing the common prevalence and properties of canine splenic malignant mesenchymomas were found in the literature. However, this rare tumor entity has to be considered as a differential diagnosis in cases of large splenic masses.  

scholarly journals Frequency of co-seropositivities for certain pathogens and their relationship with clinical and histopathological changes and parasite load in dogs infected with Leishmania infantum

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247560
Author(s):  
Valéria da Costa Oliveira ◽  
Artur Augusto Velho Mendes Junior ◽  
Luiz Claudio Ferreira ◽  
Tatiana Machado Quinates Calvet ◽  
Shanna Araujo dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Canine Leishmaniosis ◽  
Conventional Pcr ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Histological Changes

In canine leishmaniosis caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum, little is known about how co-infections with or co-seropositivities for other pathogens can influence aggravation of this disease. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the frequency of co-infections with or co-seropositivities for certain pathogens in dogs seropositive for L. infantum and their relationship with clinical signs, histological changes and L. infantum load. Sixty-six L. infantum-seropositive dogs were submitted to clinical examination, collection of blood and bone marrow, culling, and necropsy. Antibodies against Anaplasma spp., Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Ehrlichia spp. and Toxoplasma gondii and Dirofilaria immitis antigens were investigated in serum. Samples from different tissues were submitted to histopathology and immunohistochemistry for the detection of Leishmania spp. and T. gondii. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to assess the L. infantum load in spleen samples. For detection of Coxiella burnetii, conventional PCR and nested PCR were performed using bone marrow samples. All 66 dogs tested positive for L. infantum by qPCR and/or culture. Fifty dogs (76%) were co-seropositive for at least one pathogen: T. gondii (59%), Ehrlichia spp., (41%), and Anaplasma spp. (18%). Clinical signs were observed in 15 (94%) dogs monoinfected with L. infantum and in 45 (90%) dogs co-seropositive for certain pathogens. The L. infantum load in spleen and skin did not differ significantly between monoinfected and co-seropositive dogs. The number of inflammatory cells was higher in the spleen, lung and mammary gland of co-seropositive dogs and in the mitral valve of monoinfected dogs. These results suggest that dogs infected with L. infantum and co-seropositive for certain pathogens are common in the region studied. However, co-seropositivities for certain pathogens did not aggravate clinical signs or L. infantum load, although they were associated with a more intense inflammatory reaction in some organs.

scholarly journals Toward Diagnosing Leishmania infantum Infection in Asymptomatic Dogs in an Area Where Leishmaniasis Is Endemic

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Otranto ◽  
P. Paradies ◽  
D. de Caprariis ◽  
D. Stanneck ◽  
G. Testini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody Test ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody

ABSTRACT The most frequently used diagnostic methods were compared in a longitudinal survey with Leishmania infantum-infected asymptomatic dogs from an area of Italy where leishmaniasis is endemic. In February and March 2005, 845 asymptomatic dogs were tested by an immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), a dipstick assay (DS), and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for L. infantum and by IFAT for Ehrlichia canis. Dogs seronegative for L. infantum were further parasitologically evaluated by microscopic examination of lymph node tissues and PCR of skin samples. A total of 204 animals both serologically and parasitologically negative for L. infantum at the first sampling were enrolled in the trial and were further examined for canine leishmaniasis (CanL) and canine monocytic ehrlichiosis in November 2005 (i.e., the end of the first sandfly season) and March 2006 and 2007 (1- and 2-year follow-ups, respectively). At the initial screening, the overall rates of L. infantum seroprevalence were 9.5% by IFAT, 17.1% by ELISA, and 9.8% by DS and the overall rate of E. canis seroprevalence was 15%. The rates of concordance between the results of IFAT and DS were almost equal, whereas the rate of concordance between the results of IFAT and DS and those of the ELISA was lower. The results of the annual incidence of Leishmania infection were variable, depending on the test employed, with the highest values registered for PCR (i.e., 5.7% and 11.4% at the 1- and 2-year follow-ups, respectively), followed by ELISA, IFAT, and DS. Over the 2 years of observation, 55 animals (i.e., 26.9%) became positive for L. infantum by one or more diagnostic tests at different follow-up times, with 12.7% showing clinical signs related to CanL, while the remaining 87.3% were asymptomatic. A diagnostic scheme for assessment of the L. infantum infection status in asymptomatic dogs is suggested.

scholarly journals Canine leishmaniosis in Tunisia: Growing prevalence, larger zones of infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0009990
Author(s):  
Ali Bouattour ◽  
Amine Amri ◽  
Jaber Amine Belkhiria ◽  
Adel Rhim ◽  
Ons Fezaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Canine Leishmaniosis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Bioclimatic Zone

Background Discovered by Nicolle and Comte in 1908 in Tunisia, Leishmania infantum is an intracellular protozoan responsible for zoonotic canine leishmaniosis (CanL) and zoonotic human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL). It is endemic in several regions of the world, including Tunisia, with dogs considered as the main domestic reservoir. The geographic expansion of canine leishmaniosis (CanL) has been linked to global environmental changes that have affected the density and the distribution of its sand fly vectors. Methodology/Principal findings In this study, a cross-sectional epidemiological survey on CanL was carried out in 8 localities in 8 bioclimatic areas of Tunisia. Blood samples were taken from 317 dogs after clinical examination. Collected sera were tested by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT; 1:80) for the presence of anti-Leishmania infantum antibodies. The overall seroprevalence was 58.3% (185/317). Among positive dogs, only 16.7% showed clinical signs suggestive of leishmaniosis. Seroprevalence rates varied from 6.8% to 84.6% and from 28% to 66% by bioclimatic zone and age group, respectively. Serological positivity was not statistically associated with gender. The presence of Leishmania DNA in blood, using PCR, revealed 21.2% (64/302) prevalence in dogs, which varied by bioclimatic zone (7.3% to 31%) and age group (7% to 25%). The entomological survey carried out in the studied localities showed 16 species of the two genera (Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia). P. perniciosus, P. papatasi, and P. perfiliewi were the most dominant species with relative abundances of 34.7%, 25% and 20.4%, respectively. Conclusions/Significance The present report suggests a significant increase of CanL in all bioclimatic areas in Tunisia and confirms the ongoing spread of the infection of dogs to the country’s arid zone. Such an expansion of infection in dog population could be attributed to ecological, agronomic, social and climatic factors that affect the presence and density of the phlebotomine vectors.

Dissolution of cholelithiasis in a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel receiving conservative management with ursodeoxycholic acid

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e001206
Author(s):  
Frederik Allan ◽  
Katie Elizabeth McCallum ◽  
Marie-Aude Genain ◽  
Benjamin John Harris ◽  
Penny J Watson
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Ursodeoxycholic Acid ◽  
Conservative Management ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Human Medicine ◽  
Complete Dissolution ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
Cavalier King Charles Spaniel ◽  
Low Fat Diet

A six-year-old female neutered Cavalier King Charles Spaniel presented with recurrent diarrhoea, intermittent vomiting and anorexia. She was diagnosed with partially obstructive cholelithiasis with concurrent suspected chronic pancreatitis based on abdominal ultrasonography and blood biochemistry. The dog responded to conservative management with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), paracetamol and a low-fat diet with resolution of clinical signs attributable to obstructive cholelithiasis and near-complete dissolution of the cholelith at follow-up eight months after presentation. In human medicine, UDCA has been reported to be effective in cholelith dissolution, prevention of cholelith formation and resolution of clinical signs due to cholelithiasis but the non-surgical literature in veterinary medicine is limited. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case of dissolution of a cholelith in a dog receiving conservative management.

scholarly journals Hyperandrogenism associated with an ovarian remnant in a spayed female cat

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 205511691988569
Author(s):  
Sarah A Jones ◽  
Scott L Owens ◽  
Stephen J Birchard
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Exploratory Laparotomy ◽  
Stimulation Test ◽  
Acth Stimulation Test ◽  
Acth Stimulation ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hypoechoic Nodule

Case summary An 11-year-old female, reportedly spayed, domestic shorthair cat was examined for a 4-month history of weight loss, aggression, urine spraying, malodorous urine and estrus-like behavior. Physical examination revealed thickened skin, a mildly prominent vulva and confirmed malodorous urine. On abdominal ultrasonography, a 6 mm hypoechoic nodule was found in the left cranial abdomen. An adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test with adrenal panel revealed elevated serum concentrations of androstenedione and testosterone pre- and post-cosyntropin stimulation, mildly decreased cortisol pre- and post-cosyntropin stimulation, and decreased resting aldosterone. Exploratory laparotomy was performed and a cystic, nodular mass was found in the region of the left ovary. The mass was surgically removed and submitted for histopathology; results were conclusive for an ovarian remnant with an intact corpus luteum and non-neoplastic parovarian cysts. Previously observed clinical signs resolved within two weeks of ovariectomy. A follow-up ACTH stimulation test with adrenal panel 6 weeks postoperatively revealed normalization of serum androstenedione, testosterone and cortisol concentrations. Four years postoperatively, at the time of writing, the cat remains free of clinical signs. Relevance and novel information We are unaware of any previously reported cases of non-neoplastic ovarian remnants associated with clinically relevant hyperandrogenism. A non-neoplastic ovarian-dependent hyperandrogenism should be included as a differential diagnosis of spayed female cats showing aggression and urine spraying behavior.

scholarly journals Diabetes mellitus remission in a cat with hyperadrenocorticism after cabergoline treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 205511692110298
Author(s):  
Diego D Miceli ◽  
Gabriela S Zelarayán ◽  
Jorge D García ◽  
Viviana Fernández ◽  
Sergio Ferraris
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Urine Analysis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Abdominal Distension ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
Serum Fructosamine ◽  
Suppression Test ◽  
Normal Urine ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression

Case summary A 7-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat weighing 5 kg was referred with polyuria, polydipsia, lethargy, abdominal distension and dermatologic abnormalities. Diabetes mellitus was diagnosed and treatment was started with a diet for diabetic cats and insulin glargine (1 IU q12h SC). Hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) was suspected and diagnosed based on clinical signs, increased urinary cortisol:creatinine ratio, lack of suppression on low-dose dexamethasone suppression test and abdominal ultrasonography demonstrating bilateral adrenal enlargement. Oral cabergoline (10 μg/kg every other day) was initiated. After the second administration of cabergoline, the cat suffered from clinical hypoglycemia and no longer required insulin. One month after insulin withdrawal, blood work and urine analysis results showed normoglycemia, a normal serum fructosamine concentration (244 μmol/l) and normal urine analysis without glycosuria. Diabetic remission persisted until its death 7 months later. In addition, cabergoline treatment was associated with improvement in clinical signs such as lethargy, seborrhea, alopecia and abdominal distension. Relevance and novel information To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of the use of cabergoline in a cat with HAC, as well as the first reported case of diabetic remission in a cat with HAC after cabergoline treatment. Cabergoline could be an alternative treatment for diabetic cats with pituitary-dependent HAC. Further work should focus on different protocols with greater number of cases.

Intraocular tuberculosis, a challenge in diagnosis and treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Martina Larroude ◽  
Gustavo Ariel Budmann
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Ocular Tuberculosis ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Choroidal Granuloma ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Ocular Tb

Ocular tuberculosis (TB) is an extrapulmonary tuberculous condition and has variable manifestations. The incidence of TB is still high in developing countries, and a steady increase in new cases has been observed in industrial countries as a result of the growing number of immunodeficient patients and migration from developing countries. Choroidal granuloma is a rare and atypical location of TB. We present a case of a presumptive choroidal granuloma. This case exposes that diagnosis can be remarkably challenging when there is no history of pulmonary TB. The recognition of clinical signs of ocular TB is extremely important since it provides a clinical pathway toward tailored investigations and decision making for initiating anti-TB therapy and to ensure a close follow-up to detect the development of any complication.

Thyroidectomy in a patient with a giant multinodular nontoxic cervical retrosternal goiter

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-99
Author(s):  
U. V. Kukhtenko ◽  
O. A. Kosivtsov ◽  
L. A. Ryaskov ◽  
E. I. Abramian
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Disease Relapse ◽  
Cardiac Pathology ◽  
Nontoxic Goiter ◽  
Retrosternal Goiter

A clinical case of successful surgical treatment of a patient with a giant cervical retrosternal nontoxic goiter with severe cardiac pathology is presented. Thyroidectomy from cervical access without sternotomy was performed. At the follow-up examination 5 months after the operation, instrumental and clinical signs of disease relapse were not detected.

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