Depleted iron stores and iron deficiency anemia associated with reduced ferritin and hepcidin and elevated soluble transferrin receptors in a multiethnic group of preschool-age children

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 887-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hope A. Weiler ◽  
Sonia Jean-Philippe ◽  
Tamara R. Cohen ◽  
Catherine A. Vanstone ◽  
Sherry Agellon
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
World Health ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Transferrin Receptors ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Preschool Age Children

Iron deficiency anemia is prevalent in subgroups of the Canadian population. The objective of this study was to examine iron status and anemia in preschool-age children. Healthy children (n = 430, 2–5 years old, Montreal, Quebec, Canada) were sampled from randomly selected daycares. Anthropometry, demographics, and diet were assessed. Biochemistry included hemoglobin, ferritin, soluble transferrin receptors (sTfR), ferritin index, markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)), and hepcidin. Iron deficiency and anemia cutoffs conformed to the World Health Organization criteria. Differences among categories were tested using mixed-model ANOVA or χ2tests. Children were 3.8 ± 1.0 years of age, with a body mass index z score of 0.48 ± 0.97, and 51% were white. Adjusted intakes of iron indicated <1% were at risk for deficiency. Hemoglobin was higher in white children, whereas ferritin was higher with greater age and female sex. Inflammatory markers and hepcidin did not vary with any demographic variable. The prevalence of iron deficiency was 16.5% (95% confidence interval (CI), 13.0–20.0). Three percent (95% CI, 1.4–4.6) of children had iron deficiency anemia and 12.8% (95% CI, 9.6–16.0) had unexplained anemia. Children with iron deficiency, with and without anemia, had lower plasma ferritin and hepcidin but higher sTfR, ferritin index, and IL-6, whereas those with unexplained anemia had elevated TNFα. We conclude that iron deficiency anemia is not very common in young children in Montreal. While iron deficiency without anemia is more common than iron deficiency with anemia, the correspondingly reduced circulating hepcidin would have enabled heightened absorption of dietary iron in support of erythropoiesis.

Fortification of tempeh with encapsulated iron improves iron status and gut microbiota composition in iron deficiency anemia condition

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 962-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rio Jati Kusuma ◽  
Aviria Ermamilia
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Iron Fortification ◽  
Iron Matrix ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Purpose Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the most major micronutrient deficiencies worldwide. Food fortification is one strategy for reducing IDA in the population despite concern regarding the gut pathogenic bacteria overgrowth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of iron encapsulation in banana peel matrix on iron status and gut microbiota composition in iron deficiency anemia. Design/methodology/approach Anemia was induced in 35 male Sprague Dawley rats of age two weeks by the administration of iron-free diet for two weeks. Rats then randomly divided into control, iron-fortified tempeh (temFe) dose 10 and 20 ppm, iron matrix-fortified tempeh dose 10 and 20 ppm and iron matrix fortified tempeh dose 10 and 20 ppm with probiotic mixture. Blood was drawn at Weeks 2 and 6 for hemoglobin and serum iron analysis. Rats were sacrificed at the end of Week 6, and cecal contents were collected for Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria and Enterobactericeae analysis. Findings Hemoglobin and serum iron were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in all iron-fortified group with the highest value found in iron matrix dose 20 ppm (10.71 ± 0.15 g/dl and 335.83 ± 2.17 µg/dl, respectively). The cecal Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria did not differ significantly between groups. Cecal Enterobactericeae was significantly different (p < 0.05) among groups with the lowest level in the temFe-20 (2.65 ± 0.78 log CFU) group. Research limitations/implications The use of commercial inoculum instead of pure Rhizopus oligosporus mold for developing the fortified tempeh may impact the effect of product on cecal gut microbiota composition, as different molds and lactic acid bacteria can grow in tempeh when using commercial inoculum. Social implications In Indonesia, iron fortification is conducted primarily in noodles and flour that limits the impact of iron fortification for reducing IDA in population. Iron fortification in food that was daily consumed by people, that is, tempeh, is potential strategy in reducing IDA in population. Originality/value Tempeh fortification using encapsulated iron improved iron status and gut microbiota composition in iron deficiency anemia.

scholarly journals Anemia and Pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-130
Author(s):  
Swapana John ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Mild Anemia ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Government ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Anemia during pregnancy is a major world health concern especially in developing countries affecting the life of the women and the future of the child thereby influencing the present as well the future of the nation and the world at large. Nutritional deficiency still emerges out the main cause of iron deficiency anemia affecting the life of the pregnant women. The iron deficiency anemia has a major say in adverse pregnancy outcomes like pre term delivery, IUGR, morbidity even leading to mortality, however it is noted that severe anemia has a significant effect than moderate and mild anemia. A well balanced diet can avert this condition, nonetheless iron supplementations as per the government guidelines and various treatment available also help to tackle the situation. Education of the women and more awareness programmes on health, pregnancy and nutrition by the stakeholders can further reduce the incidence of anemia in pregnancy.

scholarly journals Occurrence of neonatal diarrhea in calves with iron-deficiency anemia

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Radisa Prodanovic ◽  
Sreten Nedic ◽  
Oliver Radanovic ◽  
Vesna Milicevic ◽  
Ivan Vujanac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Gut Function ◽  
History Of ◽  
Neonatal Calves ◽  
Diarrheic Calves

Introduction. Neonatal calves are often deficient in iron. Accumulating evidence indicates that iron status is associated with disease pathologies including diarrhea. Our objective was to examine the association between iron status and gut function in neonatal calves with and without a history of calf diarrhea. Materials and Methods. Calves were divided into two groups based on their history of diarrhea; the first group were diarrheic calves (n=6) and the second group were non-diarrheic healthy calves (n=6). Blood samples (n=12) were collected at day 12 of age and erythrogram determination and measurements of serum iron and total iron binding capacity were performed. Hematological values were measured using an automatic analyzer, and biochemical properties were determined spectrophotometrically. Fecal samples were obtained from all calves and pH measured using semi quantitative test strips as well as being examined by bacterial cultivation for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Clostridium perfringens, by RT-PCR for the presence of bovine rotavirus, bovine coronavirus and bovine viral diarrhea virus, and by microscopy for the presence of Cryptosporidium parvum. Results and Conclusions. There were significant iron-related changes for most hematological indices in diarrheic calves; and iron (Fe) deficiency and microcytic, hypochromic anemia were diagnosed. The pH of the feces was significantly higher in diarrheic calves than in the non-diarrheic healthy group (P<0.01). All fecal samples were negative for the analyzed enteric pathogens. According to the results obtained, calves experiencing iron deficiency anemia exhibit changes in gut function leading to diarrhea as compared with a matched group of healthy calves.

scholarly journals Comparisons Between Serum Levels of Hepcidin and Leptin in Male College-Level Endurance Runners and Sprinters

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinsuke Nirengi ◽  
Hirokazu Taniguchi ◽  
Aya Ishibashi ◽  
Mami Fujibayashi ◽  
Nao Akiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
College Level ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Male College ◽  
Endurance Runners

Background: Hepcidin-25 is a 25 amino acid hepatokine and a key regulator of iron metabolism related to iron deficiency anemia. Recent studies have suggested that an elevated hepcidin level is correlated with low energy availability. Leptin is an appetite-suppressing adipokine and has been reported to stimulate hepcidin production in animals and cultured cells. While leptin is modulated by exercise, it is known that endurance runners and sprinters practice different types of exercise. This study investigated and compared the relationships between hepcidin and leptin levels, iron status, and body fat to understand better the risk of iron deficiency anemia in endurance runners and sprinters.Methods: Thirty-six male college track and field athletes (15 endurance runners and 21 sprinters) were recruited for this study. Dietary intake, body composition, and blood levels of ferritin, hepcidin-25, leptin, and adiponectin were measured. Correlations between hepcidin levels and ferritin, body fat, leptin, and adiponectin were evaluated using Pearson's correlation coefficient for each group.Results: The endurance runners had lower hepcidin levels and higher leptin and adiponectin levels compared with sprinters. Ferritin was positively correlated with hepcidin-25 levels in both the endurance and sprinter groups. A positive correlation was observed between hepcidin-25 and body fat or leptin levels only in sprinters.Conclusion: This is the first study investigating the relationship between blood levels of hepcidin and leptin in athletes. The positive correlation between hepcidin-25 and leptin was observed in sprinters but not endurance runners.

Iron Amino Acid Chelates

2004 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 435-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hertrampf ◽  
Olivares
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Ferrous Sulfate ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Efficacy Trials ◽  
Food Matrices ◽  
The Cost

Iron amino acid chelates, such as iron glycinate chelates, have been developed to be used as food fortificants and therapeutic agents in the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anemia. Ferrous bis-glycine chelate (FeBC), ferric tris-glycine chelate, ferric glycinate, and ferrous bis-glycinate hydrochloride are available commercially. FeBC is the most studied and used form. Iron absorption from FeBC is affected by enhancers and inhibitors of iron absorption, but to a lesser extent than ferrous sulfate. Its absorption is regulated by iron stores. FeBC is better absorbed from milk, wheat, whole maize flour, and precooked corn flour than is ferrous sulfate. Supplementation trials have demonstrated that FeBC is efficacious in treating iron deficiency anemia. Consumption of FeBC-fortified liquid milk, dairy products, wheat rolls, and multi-nutrient beverages is associated with an improvement of iron status. The main limitations to the widespread use of FeBC in national fortification programs are the cost and the potential for promoting organoleptic changes in some food matrices. Additional research is required to establish the bioavailability of FeBC in different food matrices. Other amino acid chelates should also be evaluated. Finally there is an urgent need for more rigorous efficacy trials designed to define the relative merits of amino acid chelates when compared with bioavailable iron salts such as ferrous sulfate and ferrous fumarate and to determine appropriate fortification levels

Association of Iron Deficiency Anemia with Stroke Severity in patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 3004-3006
Author(s):  
Rabia Rathore ◽  
Nasir Farooq Butt ◽  
Adil Iqbal ◽  
Hina Latif ◽  
Mariam Azeem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
P Value ◽  
Stroke Severity ◽  
Cross Sectional

Aim: To study the relationship of Iron Deficiency anemia (IDA) with severity of acute ischemic stroke. Study Design: A cross-sectional descriptive study. Place & Duration of Study: Department of Medicine, Mayo Hospital, Lahore from March 2020 to February 2021 Methods: A descriptive study of cross-sectional type was done on 200 individuals who had acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and were hospitalized at Mayo Hospital Lahore. Consecutive non-probability convenience sampling method was used to gather the data. Severity of stroke was assessed at the time of admission using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, (NIHSS) at the same time blood complete examination along with peripheral blood film was done to diagnose anemia in these patients. Iron studies were done to diagnose iron deficiency anemia (IDA). P-value less than 0.05 was taken as significant. Results: About 200individuals presenting with AIS were enrolled in the research work. Anemia according to World Health Organization was seen in 80(40%) and was not present in 120(60%) patients. Among the subjects who had anemia, 16(20%) had a minor AIS, 23(28.75%) had a moderately severe AIS, and 41(51.25%) reported with a severe AIS, according to NIHSS criteria. A notable relationship was found to exist between anemia and stroke severity, (P-value 0.000). Conclusion: Anemia was a commonly found in individuals with acute stroke due to ischemia and had direct relation with severity of stroke. Keywords: Iron deficiency Anemia, severity, ischemic stroke.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Anemic Patients: A Hospital Based Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyendra Kumar Mishra ◽  
Surendra Marasini ◽  
Badri Kumar Gupta ◽  
Krishna Kumar Agrawal ◽  
Narayan Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Macrocytic Anemia ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Peripheral Smear ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Detailed Medical History

Introduction: In developing countries like Nepal, iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the major concern. The high rate incidence has been related to insufficient  iron  intake, accompanied  by chronic  intestinal  blood  loss  due  to parasitic  and  malarial infections. Therefore, a study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of IDA in anemic patients of Universal College of Medical Sciences-Teaching Hospital (UCMS-TH), South Western region, Nepal. Material and Method It was a hospital based cross sectional study comprised of 100 anemic patients. Their detailed medical history and lab investigations, focusing on hematological parameters were documented. Peripheral smear examination and serum ferritin estimation were done to observe red cell morphology and iron status respectively.  Results: This study revealed that out of 100 anemic patients, 35% were that of IDA. The most affected age group was 21-40 years with frequency 42.55%. IDA was more common in females (42.85%) than in male (21.62%). Out of 100 anemic patients, microcytic hypochromic anemia was predominant in 47% followed by macrocytic anemia (31%) and then normocytic normochromic anemia (22%). Out of 47 microcytic hypochromic anemic patients, 12 had normal serum ferritin. There was a statistical significant difference in Hb (p=0.011), MCV (p=0.0001), MCH (p=0.0001), MCHC (p=0.0001) and serum ferritin (p=0.0001) among all types of anemia. There was a statistical significant positive correlation of ferritin with Hemoglobin (0.257, p= 0.01), MCV (0.772, p= 0.0001), MCH (0.741, p=0.0001) and MCHC (0.494, p=0.0001).  Conclusion: The peripheral smear in conjunction with serum ferritin estimation needs to be included for susceptible individuals to screen the IDA and other types of anemia. 

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